Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this phase II trial, 105 eligible patients with no prior chemotherapy and advanced sarcoma received doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine (DTIC) with mesna uroprotection (MAID). Starting doses of these drugs were 60, 7,500, and 900 mg/m2 divided over 72 hours by continuous infusion, respectively. Mesna was given for 84 to 96 hours at 2,500 mg/m2/d. Myelosuppression was dose limiting, causing the only toxic death (sepsis). Nonhematologic toxicity consisted predominantly of anorexia and vomiting. Severe mucositis, macroscopic hematuria, renal tubular acidosis, renal failure, and CNS toxicity occurred in less than 5% of cycles. No cardiotoxicity was detected. The overall response rate (10% complete response [CR]) was 47% (95% confidence intervals, 5% to 18% and 37% to 57%, respectively). Most responses (approximately 70%) were observed within two cycles. Median times to progression were 10 and 9 months, respectively. Histologic high tumor grade, lesions less than 5 cm, and less than 1 year from diagnosis to study entry correlated with the probability of response. The median survival was 16 months. Time from diagnosis to study entry, performance status, and extent of disease, but not histologic grade, correlated with survival. Following CR, two patients remain disease-free at 32 and 16 months. Of the 15 additional patients rendered disease-free with surgery, two remain disease-free at 30 and 18 months with no further therapy. While most relapses occurred in sites of prior involvement, death from CNS metastases occurred in 11 of the 80 patients with high-grade sarcomas, of whom seven were still responding systematically (three complete responders). Because of its substantial response in this phase II trial, the MAID regimen is being compared with doxorubicin and DTIC alone in advanced sarcomas and to observation in the adjuvant treatment of high-grade sarcomas in randomized trials.
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PMID:Response to mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine in 108 patients with metastatic or unresectable sarcoma and no prior chemotherapy. 250 90

Fourteen patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer were treated with high dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue. All patients received cyclophosphamide (7.5 g/m2 over 3 days) and thiotepa (150-225 mg/m2 over 3 days), three patients in addition received melphalan (4.5 mg/kg), and seven patients received carmustine (150-562 mg/m2). Toxicities included pancytopenia, infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis. There was one toxic death secondary to sepsis and ventricular tachycardia. The overall response rate was 77% including a 15% complete response rate. The overall median survival for all patients was 6.0 months (range 2-22 months). The median survival for nonresponders was 3.5 months. The median duration of response was 89 days (range 40-262). In our experience high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell reinfusion produces a high response rate in refractory breast cancer. However, because of the short duration of response and overall survival, we feel this type of therapy should be utilized earlier in the course of disease.
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PMID:High dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support in the treatment of refractory stage IV breast carcinoma. 250 79

Treatment of the cachetic, hypoalbuminemic, peritoneal dialysis patient represents a vexing patient management problem. In the past, when the cause of inanition was intractable vomiting secondary to gastroparesis, the solution was to create a transperitoneal percutaneous enterogastrostomy. This endoscopic procedure bypassed the nonfunctioning stomach and allowed for adequate nutrition. When hypoalbuminemia is present, the patient is predisposed to the possible complications of peritoneal sepsis, dialysis fluid leak, and wound dehiscence. The authors report a unique, enteric feeding tube that is a solution to the problem of continuing adequate, complication-free dialysis in a cachetic, hypoalbuminemic peritoneal dialysis patient with no available site for either temporary or permanent hemodialysis vascular access. The procedure does not violate the peritoneal cavity and has proven to be effective, acceptable to the patient, apparently safe, and easy for both staff and patient use.
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PMID:Retroperitoneal feeding tube for peritoneal dialysis patients. 251 71

Wound sepsis is common following pyloromyotomy in children and in a retrospective study of 178 cases the incidence of wound infection was 21 (11.8 per cent). On preliminary analysis, three variables were associated with wound sepsis: age, duration of projectile vomiting and surgical technique. Only surgical technique was found to be statistically significant on sequential multivariate analysis. Mass closure with polydioxanone was associated with a 1 per cent (one of 70) wound sepsis rate. Wound sepsis after pyloromyotomy is dependent on technique, and mass closure with polydioxanone is recommended. The routine use of tension sutures should be abandoned.
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PMID:Wound sepsis following Ramstedt pyloromyotomy. 251 84

A total of 23 patients with high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) at diagnosis (2 patients), relapsing AML (14) or resistant AML (6) were treated with 25 micrograms/kg i.v. plicamycin every other day for 3 weeks and 500-4,000 mg hydroxyurea per day p. o. according to the WBC count. Aplasia was observed in only two patients. Severe extrahematologic toxicity included sepsis (four cases), vomiting (four patients), toxic hepatitis (three cases), and fibrinopenia (one patient). No partial or complete responses were observed. The 95% confidence interval limit of the overall response rate (CR + PR) was 0-14%.
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PMID:Phase II trial of plicamycin and hydroxyurea in acute myelogenous leukemia. 253 73

During ten years 59616 haemodialyses were performed with 18139 capillary dialysers on 226 patients being in the final stage of chronic renal insufficiency. With the semi-automatic technique applied blood can be eliminated from the dialyser in 15-20 minutes. Formalin used for desinfection is washed out of the apparatus such a way, that formalin content of the last washing solution ranges between 0-0.1 microgram/ml. Anti-N antibody indicating the presence of formalin could be detected in the serum of 2 patients out of the 120 cases tested. The same dialyser is used repeatedly on one patient, 3.29-times on the average. The regenerated dialyser eliminates compounds of small-and middle molecular weight with the same efficiency up to the 4th repeated use. Ratio of pyrogenic reactions is low, 0.08%. Neither infection or sepsis associated with the regeneration occurred. Rehabilitation degree as well as the survival time of patient corresponded with the average European standard. Because of the "first use syndrome" (allergic symptoms, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, headache, cramps etc.) with 5 patients haemodialysis could be performed only with regenerated dialysers dialyses. From the considerable sums saved by regeneration process 7 satellite dialysing units were established and equipped.
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PMID:[Experience with the regeneration and repeated use of dialyzers (1977-1987)]. 261 56

A full-term male neonate, weighing 2540 g at birth, was admitted to hospital on day 2 because of vomiting and severe dehydration. Duodeno-duodenostomy was performed on day 5 for congenital duodenal atresia. The child was well postoperatively until day 9, when he developed fever. Intermittent fever continued despite treatment with several antibiotics. He became seriously ill on day 15 and developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Treatment with antifungal drugs (amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine) was effective for systemic candidiasis, but candida endophthalmitis developed. There was a persistent vitreous lesion in the left eye, which after cessation of therapy has been improving gradually. Systemic candidiasis and candida endophthalmitis should be considered in neonates who develop signs of sepsis postoperatively.
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PMID:Systemic candidiasis with DIC and candida endophthalmitis in a postoperative neonate. 269 30

A case of hepatic abscess and subsequent septicemia caused by Clostridium bifermentans is described. The abscess manifested itself on the third day after blunt trauma to the torso. The patient had nausea, vomiting, fever, evidence of hepatic dysfunction, and subphrenic gas. This case illustrates the association of hepatic abscess and blunt trauma to the torso.
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PMID:Liver abscess caused by Clostridium bifermentans following blunt abdominal trauma. 274 89

A retrospective review of 108 consecutive patients with perforated typhoid enteritis managed operatively over a 4-year period at Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria is presented. There were 75 males and 33 females with an average age of 19.7 years. Presenting symptoms were fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and either diarrhea or constipation. One hundred patients (93 percent) underwent debridement of the perforation and two-layer bowel closure. Postoperative morbidity included intraabdominal abscess, wound dehiscence, and subsequent bowel perforation. Most of the 35 deaths (32 percent mortality) were attributed to overwhelming sepsis which progressed despite aggressive operative management and antibiotic administration. The key to improved survival in this deadly disease lies not in a better operation or improved perioperative care but in the prevention of typhoid fever by providing safe drinking water and improved sanitation methods for all of the global community.
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PMID:Perforated typhoid enteritis: operative experience with 108 cases. 292 66

Ninety patients with stage-3 non-small cell lung cancer were given vindesine (3 mg/sq m) plus mitomycin (10 mg/sq m). Data on response are available for 84 adequately treated individuals (93 percent). For patients who had received no prior chemotherapy, the rate of major objective response was 36 percent (20/55). For previously treated patients the rate of major response was 17 percent (5/29). The drugs were routinely administered in the outpatient department without difficulty. Moderate or severe myelosuppression, neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, or pulmonary toxic effects, nausea, and vomiting occurred in less than 15 percent of all studied patients. Three-drug extravasation ulcerations occurred in 1,129 administrations of chemotherapy (0.3 percent). There were two treatment-related deaths, one from sepsis and one from the combination of mitomycin-induced pulmonary and renal toxic effects. The combination of vindesine plus mitomycin is an active, well-tolerated outpatient regimen for patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have not previously received chemotherapy. Further trials are warranted to compare this regimen to other active combinations and to use it as a component of a program of treatment using alternating regimens of chemotherapy.
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PMID:Trial of vindesine plus mitomycin in stage-3 non-small cell lung cancer. An active regimen for outpatient treatment. 298 52


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