Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The now nine years old girl with growth retardation, started to be ill with otitis and then diabetes insipidus of central origin at 1974. A treatment with lysin-vasopressin is prescribed. The PNEG in May 1976 shows a little, pea like, suspicious, supra-sellar nodule who is not surgically explored since they was no ophtalmologic symptoms and because a normal CT scan. Corticoid and thyroid substitutive therapy is added until September 1977 when the general status becomes impaired and vomiting starts. Also because some visual loss, a new neuroradiological study is performed showing a supra-sellar tumour and a fourth ventricle mass. The CT scan asserts the double intracranial expansive process and a posterior fossa craniotomy is done with subtotal resection of a vermian tumour and Torkildsen drainage. The histology is : Immature Dysembryoma (seminoma type) or germinoma. The follow-up was good under hormonal care. X Rays Therapy over the posterior fossa, the suprasellar region, the brain and the spinal channel was instaured. Four months later, the CT scan shows normal sized ventricles and no tumour mass at all. This case gives the authors opportunity for comments and to study the concerned literature.
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PMID:[Germinoma (ectopic pinealoma) with double location : supra-sellar and the cerebellum without pineal tumour (author's transl)]. 49 37

We describe our experience with BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) therapy as chemotherapy for testicular tumors in 11 patients. Eight were non-seminomatous testicular cancer patients and 3 were seminoma patients. Three of 8 non-seminomatous testicular cancer patients had no evident metastasis and BEP therapy was performed for prophylaxis of recurrence. Other 5 non-seminomatous testicular cancer patients and 3 seminoma patients had metastatic lesions and BEP therapy was performed to cure these metastatic lesions. Ten of our 11 patients are living and disease-free. One non-seminomatous testicular cancer patient who had brain, lung, eye and bladder metastases and had an extremely elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level responded only partially and died later due to disease progression. Side effects in most patients were nausea, vomiting, alopecia and leucopenia and all these side effects were reversible. Neuromuscular toxicity such as paresthesia or abdominal cramp that is sometimes encountered in PVB (cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin) therapy was not seen in our patients. Our results support the concept that BEP therapy is better than PVB therapy as an initial chemotherapy for testicular tumors.
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PMID:[BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) therapy for testicular tumors]. 128 74

Cisplatin has played a major role in the treatment of germ cell tumors. However, it causes renal damage, severe nausea and vomiting. It is also neurotoxic and ototoxic. Carboplatin is an analog of cisplatin which, does not cause renal damage at therapeutic doses. It is not neurotoxic or ototoxic and it produces less gastrointestinal toxicity than cisplatin. We used carboplatin alone as an initial chemotherapy in a 36-year-old man with stage IIB seminoma. Following left radical orchiectomy the patient received 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy. After the first course of chemotherapy, tumor markers (LDH, beta-HCG) returned to the normal range. After 4 courses, the size of the retroperitoneal metastases was significantly reduced. The toxicity of 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy was generally milder than that of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapies such as PVB or VAB-6. There were no episodes of septicemia, thrombocytopenic bleeding or renal deterioration. The patient did not suffer from alopecia, neuropathy, symptomatic hearing loss, severe nausea or vomiting. Nine months after the completion of carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient remains well and free from disease progression. This case strongly suggests that single agent carboplatin therapy could be an effective and less-toxic treatment for advanced seminoma.
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PMID:[A case of advanced seminoma treated effectively with single agent carboplatin therapy]. 156 62

From 1977 to 1988, 215 patients with a diagnosis of testicular seminoma were referred to the University Hospital, Hamburg, West Germany, for radiation therapy (RT). In 15 patients a careful review of the histologic condition showed signs of embryonal cell carcinoma. Three patients refused completion of therapy. No patient was lost to follow-up. On this basis, a retrospective review of 197 patients was carried out. One hundred thirty-three patients were classified as Stage I (67%), 39 as Stage II (20%), 8 as Stage III (4%), and 17 as Stage IV (9%). One hundred eighty patients had classic seminoma and 17 had anaplastic seminoma. All patients underwent high inguinal orchiectomy before treatment. Seven patients with Stages III and IV received chemotherapy before RT. Patients with Stages I and II were treated with 40-Gy photons to paraaortic and parailiac fields. Ten patients with Stage III and IV seminoma received 30-Gy photons to mediastinal and supraclavicular fields as well. Sixty patients received additional inguinal RT. The overall 5-year survival rate (corrected for intercurrent death, except for treatment toxicity) was 100% for Stage I, 100% for Stage II, 87% for Stage III, and 87% for Stage IV. The mean follow-up time was 6.3 years (range, 0.6 to 11.9 years). An evaluation of all patients showed no difference according to histologic condition or prior chemotherapy. Mediastinal and supraclavicular irradiation showed no improvement in treatment results. Acute toxicity consisted of mild to moderate emesis, increased bowel frequency, erythema, and, in four cases leucopenia and thrombopenia (all World Health Organization [WHO] Grades I to II). However, one patient died of a pulmonary fibrosis 1 month after mediastinal irradiation and 2 months after polychemotherapy, and a gastroduodenal ulcer developed in another patient 1.5 months after paraaortic RT and prior polychemotherapy. Overall, the data suggest that to avoid overtreatment and consecutive treatment morbidity reduced doses of 30 Gy and a restrictive treatment planning adapted to the individual risk are sufficient for RT for testicular seminoma. An alternative to postoperative RT in Stage I (and possibly Stage II) seminoma could be no RT, but close follow-up instead.
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PMID:Treatment results and acute and late toxicity of radiation therapy for testicular seminoma. 211 39

Fifty-seven patients with advanced malignant tumours were treated with ifosfamide (Holoxan) and mesna (Uromitexan) in our department from November 1979 to December 1984. This series comprised eight cases of soft tissue sarcoma, nine cases of ovarian carcinoma, five cases of non-seminomatous testicular tumour, 11 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma, three cases of renal carcinoma, seven cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, two cases of skeletal fibrosarcoma, two cases of breast carcinoma, one case each of Ewing's tumour, prostatic carcinoma, seminoma, plasma cell tumour, multiple myeloma, malignant teratoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Wilms's tumour, neuroblastoma and mycosis fungoides. Out of these 57 cases, 53 were evaluable. There were five complete remissions and 20 partial remissions, corresponding to a total response rate of 47%. The overall median survival time (MST) of the 53 evaluable patients was 7.5 months. The responders had a longer survival time (MST 10 months) than the non-responders (MST 4.75 months) (p greater than 0.05). Analysis of the results according to sex, age, dosage of ifosfamide and degree of histological differentiation of the tumour cells failed to show any influence of these factors on the therapeutic results. The response rate to ifosfamide found in this study might be related to the histological origin of the tumours and to whether the primary tumours had been resected. The non-seminomatous testicular tumours, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and ovarian carcinomas showed a high response rate. The response rate was higher in the group in which the primary tumour had been resected (61%) than in the non-resected group (12%) (except the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). The side-effects of this regimen were moderate. Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, myelodepression, dizziness, and alopecia were common. Cystitis could be prevented nearly completely by concomitant administration of mesna, when given correctly, for preventing side-effects of ifosfamide on the urinary system (haemorrhagic cystitis, etc.).
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PMID:Treatment of advanced malignancies with ifosfamide under protection with mesna. 313 Mar 16

Thirty six patients with advanced solid tumors (24 lung: 3 oat-cell, 14 squamous, 7 adenocarcinomas, 3 soft tissue sarcomas, 6 breast carcinomas; 1 seminoma; 2 ovarian adenocarcinomas) entered a phase II study of high-dose ifosfamide (IF) administered in combination with the uroprotective agent sodium 2-mercapto-ethane-sulfonate (Mesna). Fourteen patients had prior treatment; most patients with lung cancer (22/24) were previously untreated; all had measurable disease. The patients median age was 59 (range 31-74). IF was given at 1.8 g/m2 days 1-5 q 4 weeks. Mesna was given after each IF injection at 0, 4 and 8 h randomly, either i.v. (0.36 g/m2) or orally (0.72 g/m2). Twenty-four patients had greater than or equal to 3 courses of therapy, 9 had 2 courses, and 3 had only 1 course; 129 courses were evaluated for toxicity. Mesna was given orally (17 patients, 57 courses) or i.v. (19 patients, 72 courses). The following side-effect were observed: no gross hematuria, microhematuria (14 courses), transitory mild proteinuria (34 courses), leukopenia grade I-II ECOG (26 courses), anemia grade I ECOG (31 courses), 1 case of pancytopenia, alopecia (31 patients), nausea (moderate, 33 courses; severe, 6 courses), vomiting (moderate, 17 courses; severe, 1 course). Five patients showed a partial response (1 oat-cell carcinoma, 2 with squamous lung cancer, 1 with ovarian carcinoma, 1 with breast carcinoma), 14 showed a minor response (2 patients with oat-cell carcinoma, 2 with lung adenocarcinoma, 5 with squamous lung cancer, 1 with seminoma, 1 with sarcoma, 1 with ovarian carcinoma), and 14 showed progression of disease (7 patients with squamous cell lung cancer, 4 with lung adenocarcinoma, 1 with sarcoma, 2 with breast carcinoma). Considering partial plus minor responses, ifosfamide produced some degree of tumor reduction (PR + MR) in 12/23 (52.1%) lung cancer patients. The data reported support the conclusions that Mesna can prevent high-dose IF bladder toxicity, that IF is active in advanced solid tumors, including lung cancer, and that the IF + Mesna combination is a generally safe treatment procedure.
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PMID:Phase II study of ifosfamide combined with Mesna uroprotection in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma and other solid tumors. 643 51

From June 1977 through June 1993, ninety-five patients with testicular seminoma were treated in our center. This paper reports on 67 assessable patients--52 with stage I and 15 with non-bulky stage II disease. Median follow-up is 8 years (range: 4-16 years). Postorchiectomy radiotherapy consisted in 30 Gy (1.5 Gy/day) precautionary treatment to ipsilateral hemipelvis and paraaortic nodes (stage I) or 40-45 Gy to the same area plus 25.5-30 Gy prophylactic irradiation to mediastinum and supraclavicular fossae (stage II). Ten-year actuarial survival is 100%-96.8% +/- 2.2 considering deaths from other diseases. Ten-year disease-free survival is 95.3% +/- 2.6. The 3 relapsed patients were rescued with chemotherapy or radiotherapy (1 and 2 cases, respectively). Acute side-effects were nausea (30% of cases) and vomiting (18%) which disappeared after oral antiemetics. Late toxicity-asymptomatic osteolysis of the ipsilateral pubic region--was observed in 1 patient only (1.5%) who received cobalt therapy to inguinal canal and hemiscrotum (40.5 Gy in 27 fractions). The current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to testicular seminoma are discussed. In stage I the conventional treatment is low-dose (20-25 Gy) subdiaphragmatic radiotherapy and a policy of surveillance is justified only for clinical trials. In non-bulky stage II disease lumboaortic and hemipelvic irradiation (36-40 Gy) is the treatment of choice whereas precautionary irradiation should not be given to the mediastinum. If abdominal CT scans show nodal metastases, chest CT is necessary for staging instead of chest X-ray films. When abdominal CT findings are negative or questionable, bi-pedal lymphography must be performed. Residual testis US should be the routine examination for the early diagnosis of metachronous contralateral seminoma. The semen should be tested for further storage and sexual functions should be accurately analyzed to distinguish between organic and psychologic causes. Although limited, our experience demonstrates the good prognosis of this condition and the optimal tolerance in testicular seminoma patients even with a radiotherapy regimen which is now considered suboptimal, though it was the standard about 10 years ago.
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PMID:[Testicular seminoma in stages I and II non-bulky. 16 years' experience]. 804 42

The traditional adjuvant therapy for seminoma stage I is abdominal radiotherapy. Although the relapse rate ranges below 5% this treatment is challenged because concerns about adverse late effects are accumulating. Carboplatin is effective in metastatic seminoma and two pilot studies have indicated effectivity in the adjuvant setting also. As this drug is almost non-toxic in moderate doses it could be an ideal adjuvant treatment for seminoma stage I. A group of 82 patients, mean age 37.5 years (range 22-73 years), with histologically pure seminoma stage I, were given carboplatin 400 mg/m2 after orchiectomy; 60 patients received only one course of carboplatin, and 22 patients received two courses. The median time of observation is 24 months, ranging from 2 to 48 months, and 66 patients have a minimum follow-up of 1 year. There is one relapse so far. Toxicity is rather mild with no severe nausea/emesis. Mean platelet counts were 164/nl after 3 weeks and 208/nl after 4 weeks; thus, myelotoxicity was negligible. Gonadal toxicity was measured by serial follicle-stimulating hormone levels. The mean level was 11.4 U/l before treatment, and 16.2 U/l after 5 weeks, 17.3 U/l after 4 months, 14.5 U/l after 8 months and 13.5 U/l after 12 months. Thus, gonadal toxicity also appeared to be mild. In summary, the efficacies of adjuvant carboplatin and of abdominal radiotherapy seem to be identical. As carboplatin, in the dosage used, involves no severe acute side-effects and probably few late adverse effects, this regimen constitutes a promising new treatment option in seminoma patients stage I that deserves to be studied in randomized trials.
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PMID:Adjuvant carboplatin treatment for seminoma clinical stage I. 854 95

Between 1/1990-8/1997 two courses of single agent Carboplatin had been given to 36 patients with clinical stage I seminoma. Within an median follow up period of 52 months (17-88) 29 out of 34 patients were analyzed retrospectively. During this period no recurrences had been noted and nobody of our patients died (0% relapsrate, 100% survival-rate). The Carboplatin-therapy was well tolerated. Myelosuppression after chemotherapy was mild (WHO grade I). The experienced acute toxic side effects (max. grade II WHO) during and after chemotherapy had been nausea (37%), vomiting (14%) and mild hairloss (11%). Until now no long term side effects were noticed. A standardized questionnaire had been used to evaluate the impairment of quality life after single agent carboplatin therapy. After a minimum of one year follow up averagly 79% (62-92%) of the asked patients showed no impairment of their quality of life, whereas 19% (8-38%) of the people experienced mild impairment of their quality of life. Because of the shown low recurrence rate, the minimal toxicity and no relevant impairment of the quality of life single agent carboplatin therapy will be an alternative approach for clinical stage I seminoma.
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PMID:[Carboplatin monotherapy in clinical stage I of seminoma. An acceptable alternative?]. 988 92

A nine year old Terrier-Chihuahua crossbred bitch was presented to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine with a history of anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea. A palpably enlarged uterus and purulent vaginal discharge were found on physical examination. Pyometra was diagnosed and ovariohysterectomy was subsequently performed. One ovary was twice the size of the other, firm and mottled grey-white on the cut surface. A dysgerminoma involving the larger ovary was diagnosed on histological examination. This tumor, closely resembling the male seminoma, was characterized by a uniform population of large round cells with scant acidophilic cytoplasm, frequent mitotic figures and focal aggregates of lymphocytes. History and clinical signs were considered to relate to the pyometra rather than the dysgerminoma. No conclusions could be made regarding hormonal elaboration by the tumor because sex hormone levels were not measured. Two years following discharge the dog was reported to be well.
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PMID:Ovarian dysgerminoma in a bitch. 1742 74


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