Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

All 25 infants with primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH) so far reported in detail (including one own observation) presented in renal failure (RF) whereas urolithiasis has conspiciously been absent. Diagnosis of PH was often delayed due to nonspecific symptoms of RF: Vomiting, anemia and severe metabolic acidosis. However, demonstration of increased renal echodensity at ultrasound examination should allow early diagnosis. A flecked retina has been noted in several infants. In contrast, our patient had black retinal pigmentations which have only once been reported in PH. Prognosis in untreated patients has so far been poor: 67% died within the first 6 months of life. It is likely that early diagnosis and treatment will improve prognosis in the future.
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PMID:Primary hyperoxaluria: an important cause of renal failure in infancy. 399 67

A review of the prelegal abortion scene in the US precedes discussion of the effect of injected soap, phenol, cresol, and their compounds. The latter is based on a review of 4 toxicology books. There is little difference in the symptoms after the instillation of phenols, cresols, or soaps. Any one of those agents can cause vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain and distension, nausea, vomiting, and cramps. The damage produced by the use of Lysol thus is due to both the phenol and soap components of the compound. Following instillation into the uterus, there is coagulation necrosis of the decidua and placental site. The toxin will invariable cause thrombosis of the intrauterine and parametrial veins. The thrombosis may spread to the entire pelvic vein plexus and paravaginal, paracervical, and ovarian veins. The liver and kidney are affected by the toxin. Icterus and bile pigments in the urine and clinical evidence of liver damage are seen often. Pulmonary edema has been described as have microscopic to massive pulmonary oil emboli and thrombosis. Depression of all bone marrow elements due to toxin has been reported. The red blood cells are further depressed in number because of hemolysis. Cerebral changes include oil emboli, cerebral coagulation, necrosis, and petechial hemorrhages. Until Studdiford and Douglas described gram-negative sepsis causing shock, patients admitted with hypotension accompanying septic abortion were thought to have concealed blood loss. Studdiford and Douglas showed that gram-negative septicemia could produce hypotension. With the advent of massive antibiotic therapy for septic abortion and septic shock, most of these patients could be saved. The kidneys, after exposure to phenolic-soap comounds, show mainly lower nephron changes. As long as the toxin is in the system those changes continue until irreversible renal damage occurs. It is essential to remove the source of the poison (the affected uterus) and then remove the circulating toxins. the main problem is removal of the circulating toxin. In addition to the problems produced by fixed and circulating toxin, it has been shown that most phenol-soap induced abortions are infected. Thus it is necessary to employ the optimal antibiotic therapy for septic incomplete abortion. The initial management phase moves along classic lines. First is monitoring the vital state and supporting the systems. This includes maintaining an intravenous solution with a large-bore needle, monitoring central venous pressure, measuring urinary output, monitoring the vital signs, maintaining adequate oxygenation, and supporting the blood pressure with blood vasopressors or other agents, as needed. Second is diagnosing the extent of the illness. Third is the initial treatment, which includes reestablishment of the blood volume with blood transfusions; aggressive coverage with double or triple antibiotic therapy; correction of hypofibrinogenemia with cryoprecipitate, fresh whole blood or fresh frozen plasma, as indicated; and avoidance of overhydration in the presence of actual or suspected renal failure. After antibiotic coverage has been established, removal of retained products of conception is indicated.
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PMID:Treatment of women who have undergone chemically induced abortions. 404 35

Between 27 September and 27 December 1969, 103 patients diagnosed as having yellow fever were admitted to Vom Christian Hospital, near Jos, Nigeria. Headache and vomiting were the commonest presenting complaints, and 95% of the patients showed scleral icterus or bile pigments in the urine. Haemorrhage, signs of renal failure, and CNS involvement (agitation, seizures) were associated with a grave prognosis. The overall case-fatality ratio was 45.6%. The average duration of illness for fatal cases was 6.4 days and for non-fatal cases 17.8 days. Six illustrative case histories are presented.
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PMID:Clinical features of yellow fever cases at Vom Christian Hospital during the 1969 epidemic on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. 453 38

One hundred cases of hypophosphataemia (</= 2.0 mg/100 ml) and 84 cases of hyperphosphataemia (>/= 5.0 mg/100 ml) occurring in a hospital population were studied in order to determine the cause of the abnormality. Examples of hyperphosphataemia due to renal failure were excluded from the study.A low serum phosphorus concentration was most frequently due to intravenous administration of carbohydrate, usually glucose, which accounted for 40% of cases. The next commonest cause was vomiting (12%). No obvious explanation could be found in 26% of cases, but in most of these factors were present which are known to affect phosphorus metabolism.No one cause of hyperphosphataemia was outstanding in frequency and in over 50% of cases no definite explanation for the abnormality could be found.
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PMID:Hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia in a hospital population. 500 77

The palliative treatment of esophageal carcinoma has included intubation, bypass, dilation, irradiation, and esophagogastrectomy. The last has been criticized by some on the basis of high operative morbidity and mortality. To assess the success of this method at our institution, we reviewed the 60 consecutive resections performed for carcinoma of the esophagus from January, 1972, through June, 1983. Forty-six patients had squamous cell tumors and 14, adenocarcinomas. There were 47 men and 13 women, and the mean age was 59.9 years (range, 38.5 to 78.9 years). The most frequent preoperative findings included dysphagia (55), weight loss (34), chest pain (22), and vomiting (49). Fifty (83%) out of the 60 resections were performed by the resident staff under the supervision of an attending surgeon. Four patients died within 30 days of operation, an operative mortality of 6.7%. Immediate causes of death included respiratory failure, myocardial infarction, hemorrhage, and renal failure. One of the patients who died and 3 of the survivors had an anastomotic leak. There were 27 additional complications in 24 patients: respiratory problems (8), arrhythmias (5), pleural effusion (4), gastric outlet obstruction (2), wound infection (2), and 1 each of pulmonary embolus, acute brain syndrome, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, chylothorax, and empyema. The one-, two-, three-, and five-year actuarial survival rates were 46%, 27%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. Mean survival for the 46 patients dead at the time of this study was 13.5 months. Outpatient follow-up data were available on 53 (95%) of the operative survivors and showed an absence of dysphagia in 87.5% during most of the follow-up period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Esophagogastrectomy as palliative treatment for esophageal carcinoma: results obtained in the setting of a thoracic surgery residency program. 621 66

The basis of conservative treatment in chronic uremia is the restriction of protein, which lowers blood urea and diminishes nausea, vomiting and other uremic symptoms. Protein restriction to less than 25-30 g per day in adult patients may lead to negative nitrogen balance and protein depletion, which can be prevented by supplementing the diet with essential amino acids or a mixture of essential keto acid analogues and amino acids. The traditional view has been that low protein diet affords symptomatic relief in chronic uremia but does not effect the progression of renal failure. However, recent clinical results, mostly retrospective, suggest that protein restriction may retard or halt progression. This has led to a renewed interest in therapy with low protein diet and essential amino acids or keto analogues, since this form of treatment may postpone the time when the patient has to be started on dialysis, or even make dialysis unnecessary. It is not settled by which mechanism protein restriction effects progression of renal failure. According to one hypothesis, hyperphosphatemia (high Ca X P product) is harmful for the diseased kidneys; protein restriction is beneficial, since a low protein diet is generally also low in phosphate. An alternative hypothesis suggests that glomerular hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons of the diseased kidneys is harmful and leads to glomerulosclerosis; low protein intake protects the kidney by abolishing glomerular hyperfiltration.
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PMID:Discovery and rediscovery of low protein diet. 636 67

In 23 cases of gynecological malignancies, comparative analysis of the side effects of a combination chemotherapy of cisplatinum (CDDP) and adriamycin (ADM) was performed in terms of administration routes: intravenous and intraarterial. 50 mg/m2 of CDDP and 50 mg/m2 of ADM were administered intravenously once for three weeks. 12.5 mg of CDDP and 10 mg of ADM per one catheter were infused intraarterially once or twice a week. More than severe leukocytopenia was observed in all cases of systemic administration, while in 25% of intraarterial infusion. In 90% of intravenous administration and in about a half of intraarterial cases, thrombocytopenia was noted. Myelosuppression was severest at 10 the to 12th day after administration. The value of creatinine clearance (C-Cr) was within normal limits in 10% of cases of intravenous and in nearly 50% of cases of intraarterial administration. No mortal cases due to myelosuppression and no renal failure ware observed. Most cases of intravenous administration were suffered from severe vomiting, while only in half cases of intraarterial chemotherapy milder emesis appeared. Antiemetic drugs should be administered at least for one week after systemic chemotherapy, and also intraarterial chemotherapy, if necessary.
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PMID:[Analysis of side effects of a combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and adriamycin in gynecological malignancies: comparison between intravenous and intraarterial administration]. 653 4

Thirty-six patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with doxorubicin and cisplatin. The overall response rate (complete + partial) was 30%, with a median duration of response of 4 months. Median survival durations for responders and nonresponders were 15 and 4 months, respectively. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia were common. Neither grade 4 myelosuppression nor irreversible renal failure was observed.
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PMID:Doxorubicin and cisplatin for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 654 Oct 95

Seventy-two patients with neoplastic disease in a variety of anatomic sites were treated with sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) followed by leucovorin (LV) rescue. Treatment consisted of MTX, 160 mg/m2 as a 10-min infusion; 5-FU, 600 mg/m2 as a bolus 90 min later; and LV, a minimum of 25 mg/m2 or 15 mg/m2 p.o. q.6h. X 4, repeated at 1- or 2-wk intervals. Responses of any type included 4 of 24 colon cancers, 3 of 12 stomach cancers, 0 of 6 pancreas cancers, 1 of 2 gallbladder cancers, 4 of 6 breast cancers, 1 of 1 uterus cancer, 2 of 2 selected lung cancers, 1 of 1 parotid cancer, 1 of 2 sarcomas, and 0 of 6 ovary cancers. Response appeared to increase survival. The best-quality responses were observed in patients with stomach, breast, and parotid tumors. Toxicities included anemia requiring transfusion (20%), anorexia during treatment with LV (16%), moderate thrombocytopenia (12%), grade 3 stomatitis (12%), moderate granulocytopenia (10%), severe conjunctivitis (6%), severe gastroenteritis (6%), vomiting (6%), anamnestic reactions (6%), possible renal failure (4%), and possible pulmonary failure (2%). One patient had life-threatening gastroenteritis and reappearance of a grade 1 to 2 skin reaction of the entire treatment field more than 5 yr after radiotherapy. Patients with prior cis-platin therapy had a 50% risk of life-threatening pancytopenia. The results encourage controlled primary trials testing intensification of the sequential combinations with parallel investigations of MTX alone with and without diminished doses of LV.
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PMID:MTX/5-FU trials in gastrointestinal and other cancers. 660 24

We report here our first experience with the use of a total artificial heart in a human being. The heart was developed at the University of Utah, and the patient was a 61-year-old man with chronic congestive heart failure due to primary cardiomyopathy, who also had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Except for dysfunction of the prosthetic mitral valve, which required replacement of the left-heart prosthesis on the 13th postoperative day, the artificial heart functioned well for the entire postoperative course of 112 days. The mean blood pressure was 84 +/- 8 mm Hg, and cardiac output was generally maintained at 6.7 +/- 0.8 liters per minute for the right heart and 7.5 +/- 0.8 for the left, resulting in postoperative diuresis and relief of congestive failure. The postoperative course was complicated by recurrent pulmonary insufficiency, several episodes of acute renal failure, episodes of fever of unidentified cause (necessitating multiple courses of antibiotics), hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulation, and one generalized seizure of uncertain cause. On the 92nd postoperative day, the patient had diarrhea and vomiting, leading to aspiration pneumonia and sepsis. Death occurred on the 112th day, preceded by progressive renal failure and refractory hypotension, despite maintenance of cardiac output. Autopsy revealed extensive pseudomembranous colitis, acute tubular necrosis, peritoneal and pleural effusion, centrilobular emphysema, and chronic bronchitis with fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The artificial heart system was intact and uninvolved by thrombosis or infectious processes. This experience should encourage further clinical trials with the artificial heart, but we emphasize that the procedure is still highly experimental. Further experience, development, and discussion will be required before more general application of the device can be recommended.
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PMID:Clinical use of the total artificial heart. 1476 80


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