Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal amyloidosis was diagnosed in 14 young Chinese Shar Pei dogs, all of which were related. Clinical signs were those of renal failure and included vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, and dehydration. Some dogs had a history of intermittent fever and joint swelling. Laboratory findings also were compatible with renal failure and included azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, low total CO2 content in serum, isosthenuria, proteinuria, and hypercholesterolemia. All dogs had medullary deposition of amyloid, and 9 of 14 (64%) had glomerular involvement. The remaining renal lesions were typical of end-stage renal disease. In some dogs, amyloid deposits were found in other tissues (eg, liver, spleen, stomach, small intestine, myocardium, lymph node, prostate gland, thyroid gland, and pancreas). Amyloid deposits were sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation, suggesting the presence of amyloid protein AA.
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PMID:Familial renal amyloidosis in Chinese Shar Pei dogs. 221 Dec 93

The authors report a case of toxic hepatitis in a woman of 22 years of age in the third trimester of her first pregnancy treated by methyldopa for hypertension of pregnancy which was diagnosed at 33 weeks of amenorrhoea. The prodromal symptoms were mild and consisted of nausea, vomiting and rise in temperature and this phase was associated with febrile jaundice without pruritus and it was only associated with coagulation disorders in the third stage of labour. This was a case of mixed cytolytic hepatitis (ASAT x 3N) and cholestasis (x 1.5N). The outcome was fatal. The patient died three days after delivery following haematemesis and renal failure as well as hepatic encephalopathy. The main diagnostic feature was acute hepatic stasis in spite of the absence of pruritus and the presence of a raised temperature after hematolytic, viral and obstructive causes had been eliminated. Histology confirmed that there was toxic hepatitis. This aetiology was suggested by the timing of the symptoms after MD (methyldopa) had been taken. Elkington described methyldopa hepato-toxicity in 1969. Fatal cases in the literature were in patients who were over 40 years of age. Methyldopa is used in pregnant women because of its safety as far as the fetus is concerned. Mechanism by which it causes toxic hepatitis is a combination of abnormal metabolism (the cytochrome P450 chain produces an antigen) and an immune reaction in response to this antigen and these explain why such severe and potentially fatal forms of the condition exist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fatal toxic hepatitis in pregnancy. A discussion of the role of methyldopa]. 232 42

A 41-year-old female, who had been diagnosed as having paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in 1985, was admitted to our hospital with cough, fever, diarrhea, vomiting and palpitation in April 1988. The chest X-ray showed pneumonia in her right lung. In the peripheral blood, red blood cell count was 1.64 x 10(6)/microliters, hemoglobin 4.7 g/dl and reticulocytes 19%. The levels of serum LDH, indirect bilirubin and creatinine were high. Pneumonia improved by the administration of antibiotics, however, anemia and renal failure deteriorated. After washed red blood cell transfusions totalling 2,000 ml and six times of hemodialysis, renal function returned to normal. This patient with PNH appeared to have developed acute renal failure by dehydration and hemolytic crisis due to pneumonia.
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PMID:[Acute renal failure following dehydration and hemolytic crisis due to pneumonia in a case of PNH]. 232 82

In the course of two and a half years we treated six diabetic women on account of lactate acidosis during concurrent biguanide administration. The patients were given an average dose of 290 mg Buformin/24 hours. Their mean age was 71 years. Three patients died, i.e. the mortality was 50%. All patients reported nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Two suffered from diarrhoea. Two patients suffered from renal failure and one from cardiac weakness. One patient was in coma. The mean lactate concentration was 14.7 mmol/l, pH on admission was 6.84. The patients were given on average 550 mmol bicarbonate. In two instances bicarbonate dialysis was used. The authors discuss the pathophysiology, clinical aspects and importance for treatment and prevention of lactate acidosis during biguanide treatment.
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PMID:[Lactic acidosis as a complication of treatment with biguanides]. 235 Jul 76

24 days after starting treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid derivatives (0.8-1.0 g orally, plus unknown quantities locally) a 21-year-old woman developed acute oliguric renal failure with a rise of serum creatinine levels to 1094 mumol/l (12.4 mg/dl). Deterioration of renal function had been preceded by severe abdominal symptoms with nausea, vomiting and colicky pain. On admission to hospital she was dehydrated with hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. There was glomerular microhaematuria, increased excretion of renal epithelia, and tubular proteinuria. Renal biopsy demonstrated acute tubular damage with vacuolization of proximal epithelia, dilated tubules and scattered necroses. After intermittent haemodialysis (13 courses over two weeks) renal function gradually recovered, as demonstrated at a follow-up examination four months after discharge.
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PMID:[Acute kidney failure during psoriasis therapy with fumaric acid derivatives]. 236 38

A study is made of 22 medical histories of patients discharged from the Intensive and Intermediate Therapy Services of "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" Provincial Teaching Hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the year 1987. An analysis of these records demonstrates, among other significant aspects, that disease is more frequent among 50 and 69 years of age, with prevalence of males; the most frequent symptoms are abdominal pain and vomiting and the most frequent complication is acute kidney failure. This study demonstrates that after wards providing special care were made available, mortality rates have dropped as compared with other series reviewed in previous years. It becomes apparent that the Nursing personnel plays a significant role in caring for these patients.
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PMID:[Care for patients with acute pancreatitis in special care wards]. 237 97

A previously healthy 35-year-old woman was seen at 37 weeks' gestation with a 10-day history of fever, vomiting, diarrhea and malaise. Serum laboratory findings included elevation of serum bilirubin and AST, prolongation of serum prothrombin time and a positive monospot. A tentative diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy was made, and a healthy male infant was delivered by emergency cesarean section because of fetal distress. Over the subsequent 3 days, acute progressive oliguric renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypoglycemia requiring intravenous dextrose infusion and pancreatitis developed; her mental status progressed to stage III encephalopathy. Quantitative computed tomography estimated the liver volume to be 770 cm3. The decision to proceed with orthotopic liver transplantation was made on the basis of progressive clinical deterioration despite aggressive support and because of her small liver size. After transplant, the patient's multisystem failure rapidly reversed. Histopathological examination of the native liver demonstrated predominantly zone 3 microvesicular steatosis with characteristic ultrastructural changes consistent with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Southern blot analysis for Epstein-Barr virus DNA was negative. We conclude that orthotopic liver transplantation should be considered for the small group of patients with fulminant hepatic failure associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy who manifest signs of irreversible liver failure despite delivery of the fetus and aggresive supportive care.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatic failure caused by acute fatty liver of pregnancy treated by orthotopic liver transplantation. 240 63

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is now a well-recognised, but uncommon, complication of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Patients present with impaired ultrafiltration capacity, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and episodes of small bowel obstruction. Barium studies of the small bowel are characteristic, showing varying lengths of intestine tightly enclosed in a 'cocoon' of thickened peritoneum, proximal small bowel dilatation and an increased transit time. Ultrasonography may show a thick-walled mass containing bowel loops, loculated ascites and fibrous adhesions. With the increasing use of ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal failure, it is important that this condition is recognised. The prognosis is poor when the bowel becomes obstructed; before this happens the offending 'sclerotic' membrane may be amenable to surgical removal.
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PMID:Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 240 49

Ifosfamide has been shown to be an active agent in the treatment of several childhood cancers. However, the optimal dose and method of administration remains to be established. The dose/response relationship of ifosfamide suggests that a maximum tolerable, fractionated dose be given, and to reduce hospitalisation this dose should be given in the shortest possible time. A total of 20 patients aged 1-23 years received 124 courses (mean, 6 courses/patient; range, 1-16); 9 subjects had either relapsed or resistant disease, and all of these had previously received cyclophosphamide. A dose of 3 g/m2 ifosfamide was given for 2 (five patients) or 3 (15 patients) successive days. In all, 9 patients received the drug twice daily as a bolus and 11 were given a continuous infusion. All patients received 3 g/m2 mesna per day with ifosfamide and for 12 h there after, and hydration was maintained with 3 l/m2 fluid daily. Myelosuppression occurred in all patients but was mild and reversible, with no toxic deaths. On four occasions in three patients treatment had to be delayed due to myelosuppression. Seven episodes of fever and neutropaenia were successfully treated with antibiotics. The mean glomerular filtration rate in 13 patients at the start of treatment was 104 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and at the end was 92 ml/min per 1.73 m2. In all, 19 patients had microscopic and 1 macroscopic haematuria, with no clinical sequelae. Two patients with grossly impaired renal function following previous cisplatin therapy may have been precipitated into terminal renal failure by the ifosfamide therapy. Only one person developed neurotoxicity, which recurred on further treatment with ifosfamide but was fully reversible. All patients had moderate to severe vomiting, which was controlled with anti-emetics. No abnormalities of liver or cardiac function were detected. We conclude that ifosfamide given by this schedule is safe in patients with normal renal function.
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PMID:Toxicity of high-dose ifosfamide in children. 250 59

In this phase II trial, 105 eligible patients with no prior chemotherapy and advanced sarcoma received doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine (DTIC) with mesna uroprotection (MAID). Starting doses of these drugs were 60, 7,500, and 900 mg/m2 divided over 72 hours by continuous infusion, respectively. Mesna was given for 84 to 96 hours at 2,500 mg/m2/d. Myelosuppression was dose limiting, causing the only toxic death (sepsis). Nonhematologic toxicity consisted predominantly of anorexia and vomiting. Severe mucositis, macroscopic hematuria, renal tubular acidosis, renal failure, and CNS toxicity occurred in less than 5% of cycles. No cardiotoxicity was detected. The overall response rate (10% complete response [CR]) was 47% (95% confidence intervals, 5% to 18% and 37% to 57%, respectively). Most responses (approximately 70%) were observed within two cycles. Median times to progression were 10 and 9 months, respectively. Histologic high tumor grade, lesions less than 5 cm, and less than 1 year from diagnosis to study entry correlated with the probability of response. The median survival was 16 months. Time from diagnosis to study entry, performance status, and extent of disease, but not histologic grade, correlated with survival. Following CR, two patients remain disease-free at 32 and 16 months. Of the 15 additional patients rendered disease-free with surgery, two remain disease-free at 30 and 18 months with no further therapy. While most relapses occurred in sites of prior involvement, death from CNS metastases occurred in 11 of the 80 patients with high-grade sarcomas, of whom seven were still responding systematically (three complete responders). Because of its substantial response in this phase II trial, the MAID regimen is being compared with doxorubicin and DTIC alone in advanced sarcomas and to observation in the adjuvant treatment of high-grade sarcomas in randomized trials.
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PMID:Response to mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine in 108 patients with metastatic or unresectable sarcoma and no prior chemotherapy. 250 90


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