Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 46 year old woman had adverse reactions to paracetamol. Oral challenge tests with the drug showed that the reactions were dose-dependent and they reproduced similar symptoms consisting of vomiting, diarrhoea, pruritus, skin rashes, facial oedema, dyspnoea and hypotension. There was a marked increase in blood histamine but the complement components C3 and C4 remained at normal levels. Treatment with epinephrine and moderate doses of betamethasone brought fast recovery without any further complication.
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PMID:Anaphylactic shock induced by paracetamol. 234 63

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered to 55 patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI). A clinical evaluation of IPM/CS was carried out in 51 patients, 28 with pneumonia, 4 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with pyothorax, 6 with bronchitis, 9 with bronchiectasis, 1 with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 2 with RTI with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the clinical efficacy rate was 78.4%. Causative organisms were isolated in 23 strains out of 20 patients, such as Staphylococcus aureus 4 strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, Branhamella catarrhalis 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 2 strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae 4 strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 strains, Pseudomonas sp. 1 strain, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 1 strain, Acinetobacter sp. 1 strain and glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rod 1 strain. An eradication rate of 70.6% was obtained. An overall eradication rate of main causative organisms in RTI including S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae was 75.0%. Clinical adverse effects were observed in 5 patients, and these were eruption in 2, itching in 1, vomiting in 1 and drug fever in 1. Abnormalities in laboratory test results were observed in 8 patients. These disappeared or returned to normal values after completion or discontinuation of IPM/CS administration. IPM/CS appears to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of RTI, especially severe infections.
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PMID:[Evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. 234 50

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and side-effects of sublingual buprenorphine, a synthetic opioid agonist antagonist, with those of subcutaneous morphine. Fifty ASA class 1 patients were included in the study after having given their informed consent. Caesarean section was carried out under epidural block with 0.5% bupivacaine; no opioids were used during the procedure. The first dose of opioid was given 2 h after the first dose of bupivacaine. Patients were randomly given either 10 mg morphine (n = 25) or 0.4 mg buprenorphine (n = 25), followed by the same dose every 6 h for 36 h. When analgesia was insufficient, tablets containing dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol were given. No attempt was made to blind the study to the patient, but the investigator assessing pain was unaware of the drug given to the patient. Pain intensity was assessed before, and 2 h after each dose of opioid with a 100 mm visual scale, as well as systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures, heart and breathing rates, and SpO2. Side-effects (pruritus, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness) were also noted. In 2 patients in each group, the protocol was stopped before the 36th h, but after the fourth dose, either because of side-effects, or at the patient's request. Results were similar in both groups of patients, whether for degree of pain relief, or physiological effects. There was no clinically detectable respiratory depression. Duration and intensity of episodes of arterial oxygen desaturation, and the incidence of nausea, were similar in the 2 groups; pruritus was more common in the morphine group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Postoperative analgesia after cesarean section: sublingual buprenorphine versus subcutaneous morphine]. 237 54

This randomized, double-blind study compared epidural (EP) and intramuscular (IM) morphine in 24 healthy parturients for 24 h after cesarean section. The 11 EP subjects received 5 mg of EP morphine and normal saline intramuscularly, and the 13 IM patients received 5 mg of IM morphine and normal saline epidurally. Both injections were given simultaneously just after delivery and then upon request with at least 30 min between each pair of injections. Blood pressure, visual analogue scale pain score, somnolence score, and presence of nausea, vomiting, or pruritus were assessed every 30 min for 1 h after each dose and then hourly. Oxyhemoglobin saturation (Spo2) and respiratory rate (RR) and pattern were monitored continuously with pulse oximetry and respiratory inductive plethysmography. The EP group had significantly lower pain scores (less pain) than the IM (0.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.3 +/- 1.3; mean +/- SD; P less than 0.001) with less morphine (0.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.6 mg patient-1 h-1; P less than 0.001). There was no difference between groups for RR, Spo2, incidence or frequency of slow respiratory rate (SRR, 5-min mean RR less than 10) and apneas (AP, greater than or equal to 15 s of less than 100 ml tidal volume), incidence of nausea and/or vomiting, pruritus, or hypotension, and hours asleep or drowsy. There were no major respiratory abnormalities. During control monitoring of nine EP and 11 IM subjects while asleep postoperatively, the RR, Spo2, and incidence and frequency of SRR and AP were similar to the study period in both groups. In conclusion, EP morphine was a more effective analgesic than IM morphine, but the side effects of both were similar.
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PMID:A comparison of epidural and intramuscular morphine in patients following cesarean section. 240 43

The efficacy of epidural hydromorphone alone or in combination with epinephrine for postoperative analgesia was evaluated in 30 healthy women who underwent cesarean delivery with epidural anesthesia. They were assigned randomly to receive either 1.5 mg hydromorphone alone (N = 15) or 1.5 mg hydromorphone with 1/200,000 epinephrine (N = 15). Duration of analgesia (mean +/- SD) was 24.3 +/- 9.4 hours after the epidural injection of hydromorphone plus epinephrine. This was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than the duration of 18.2 +/- 5.9 hours after the same dose of plain hydromorphone. Analgesia was more rapid in onset and significantly better at the 0.5, 1, 3, and 12 hours postoperatively in the hydromorphone-epinephrine group. Side effects including pruritus (73%), nausea (20%), and vomiting (15%) were of similar frequency with and without epinephrine. Although mean venous PCO2 (PvCO2) levels three and six hours after the hydromorphone-epinephrine dose were elevated significantly over the pre-drug PvCO2 levels, no respiratory depression was detected by an apnea monitor to which all patients were connected. The addition of epinephrine to epidural hydromorphone hastened onset and prolonged the duration of analgesia after cesarean section.
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PMID:Epidural hydromorphone with and without epinephrine for post-operative analgesia after cesarean delivery. 246 9

Seventy-five patients (n = 75) undergoing elective cesarean delivery during epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive one of three opioid analgesics via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) when they first complained of pain in the recovery room. Following administration of an analgesic loading dose, patients were allowed to self-administer morphine 1.8 mg, meperidine 18 mg, or oxymorphone 0.3 mg iv every 8 min as required. Data collected during the 24-h observation period included visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and during movement, VAS patient satisfaction scores, total drug administered, the ratio of attempts/injections, and the incidence of nausea/vomiting, sedation, and pruritus. After adjusting for narcotic potency, no differences in 24-h dose requirements were noted between treatment groups (NS). All patients achieved an excellent level of analgesia at rest (NS); however, onset was most rapid with oxymorphone (P less than 0.05). The percentage of patients reporting severe pain during movement was highest in the meperidine group (P less than 0.05). Oxymorphone was associated with the highest incidence of nausea and vomiting (P less than 0.05), whereas increased sedation and pruritus were noted with morphine. Patient satisfaction with drug effect demonstrated significant negative correlations with resting pain scores and degree of sedation. Whereas morphine is a more commonly utilized PCA analgesic, the excellent analgesia, low incidence of sedation, and high patient satisfaction provided by meperidine and oxymorphone suggested useful alternatives.
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PMID:A comparison of morphine, meperidine, and oxymorphone as utilized in patient-controlled analgesia following cesarean delivery. 246 88

The analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of morphine and oxymorphone in 32 patients who received traditional patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) following cesarean delivery were compared with those in 32 other patients receiving the same agents via PCA plus basal opioid infusion (PCA + BI). All patients were operated upon during epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine and 1:200,000 epinephrine to achieve a T4 sensory level. Upon first complaint of pain in the recovery room, patients were given a titrated iv loading dose of the assigned opioid until comfortable and were then provided with a programmable PCA device. Group I (PCA) consisted of two subsets in which incremental boluses of morphine (1.8 mg, n = 16) or oxymorphone (0.3 mg, n = 16) could be self-administered via conventional PCA. Patients in group II (PCA + BI) received a basal infusion of morphine (0.6 mg/hour, n = 16) or oxymorphone (0.1 mg/hour, n = 16) in addition to self-administered boluses of 1.8 and 0.3 mg, respectively. Patients were evaluated for 24 h following initiation of analgesic therapy, and 10-cm visual analog scales (VAS) were utilized at selected intervals to assess pain at rest, pain during movement, and satisfaction with therapy. The level of sedation and incidence of nausea/vomiting and pruritus were also recorded. Patients utilizing PCA + BI noted significant reductions in resting pain scores with oxymorphone and decreased pain during movement with both opioids when compared with individuals using PCA alone (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in 24-h dose requirements or patient satisfaction with therapy (P = ns).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An evaluation of morphine and oxymorphone administered via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) or PCA plus basal infusion in postcesarean-delivery patients. 247 49

A total of 65 patients with food allergy which manifested primarily by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi and skin were placed under observation. The patients were administered sodium chromoglycate (nalcrom) per os in a dose of 200 mg 4 times a day for 2-3 weeks, in part of cases up to 3 months and even up to 1-1.5 year. The skin manifestations of allergy (pruritus, urticaria, Quincke's edema, and eczematous rash), abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, bronchospasm, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis disappeared. At the same time the majority of the patients demonstrated the reduction of the intensity of skin responses to the administration of different food antigens, the decrease of the antibody titer in blood serum in response to food antigens, and of the IgE content in blood. The side effects (nausea, heartburn, intensification of skin itch and abdominal pain) were noted in 4 cases.
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PMID:[Treatment of patients with food allergy using Nalcrom]. 249 73

Cases of ciguatera fish poisoning no longer are confined to endemic areas. This makes awareness of this entity important. The diagnosis usually is made by the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and of neurological symptoms such as paresthesias, paresis, and pruritus. The detection of ciguatoxin in the ingested fish by any of the available bioassays, will confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of this food poisoning is supportive, although intravenous mannitol is reported to be safe and effective. The prognosis is good and complete recovery is to be expected. However, relapses can occur, especially on re-exposure to the toxin.
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PMID:Ciguatera fish poisoning. 250 19

Twenty-nine patients (16 females and 13 males, aged 48 to 81 years) with lower respiratory tract infections have been treated with pefloxacin 400 mg, orally and/or intravenously, every 12 hours for 3 to 13 days. No other antibacterial agent was associated. Two patients dropped out because of gastralgia and vomiting and one because of pruritus. Success was obtained in 23 (88%) out of the 26 patients who completed the study. A patient with pleural empyema was treated successfully by washing the pleural cavity with a dextrose solution of pefloxacin. In addition to the drop-outs, 4 patients complained of gastralgia which disappeared spontaneously in 2 of them or after switching from oral to parenteral administration in the other 2. No adverse interaction was observed between pefloxacin and other drugs taken concomitantly, in particular theophylline, corticosteroids, and beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulants. Hematological tests including blood-cell count did not reveal any adverse modification.
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PMID:[Treatment of infection of the lower respiratory tract. Experience with a new quinolinone: pefloxacin]. 253 67


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