Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vaccination against poliomyelitis has been compulsory all over Egypt since 1968. Therefore, it is presumed that all infants and children below six years have already been vaccinated. This study is planned to estimate the magnitude of paralytic poliomyelitis in Egypt after six years compulsory vaccination. The cases studied were investigated with regard to socioeconomic status and history and place of vaccination, association of vomiting and diarrhoea or breast feeding within two hours of vaccination, and blood grouping. These results were compared with those of a control group of non-paralytic cases chosen at random from patients who visited the same hospital. Samples of the vaccine were collected from different centres in which children received vaccination and were titrated to estimate their potency at Agouza Laboratories for Vaccines and Sera. The results revealed that still we have a high incidence of poliomyelitis viz : 985/100,000 out-patients, also males are more affected than females with sex ratio 3:2. Of the paralytic cases 22% had proper vaccination while improper vaccination was found in 78%. There was predominance of blood group O among the paralytic cases. The detailed results and discussion of paralytic cases compared to the control has been also fulfilled. Tiltration of the vaccine revealed a lower than the accepted standard indicating altered potency.
 ...
PMID:Clinically diagnosed poliomyelitis in a presumably vaccinated population. 122 95

The author relates her experience in Benin during a 3 and 1/2 year tenure as a nurse under the aegis of the German Development Agency. In Malanville, she was responsible for starting the operating room, caring for hygiene, sterility, and the related training of domestic staff. A septic and aseptic operating room was set up along with a storage room for instruments, a sterilization room, and a changing room. For the operating and surgical station, the following personnel were available: 2 nurses with 3 years of training, 1 nurse with 2 years of training, and 3 orderlies without training. A nurse with 3 years of training was assigned to the author to carry on the project after her departure. The standard of operating care was very low. It took a month to teach the staff what was not sterile. There was a even problem with putting on sterile gloves which required an exercise in patience. There were an average of 5 relatives per patient taking care of the patient and cooking. The undernutrition center for infants had 6 beds with 2 German nurses who administered Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), diphtheria, polio, and tetanus vaccinations. Their activity was strengthened by nutrition counselling and plans for underweight and malnourished children. Abrupt weaning that resulted in harmful diarrhea and vomiting was prevalent. Clinical signs of marasmus and kwashiorkor were frequent. In the middle of 1990, AIDS educators informed students of the public school as well as registered prostitutes about condom use. In the hospital, there were about 900 births per year, and women were asked to follow recommendations for prenatal care, especially to achieve anemia prevention by getting iron tablets. They were urged to deliver in the clinic, not at home assisted by untrained midwives. Oxytocin and syntometrin were available as was a hand-driven, vacuum evacuation pump. This experience made a lasting impression on the author who has resolved to go to another developing country to train traditional birth attendants in midwifery.
 ...
PMID:[In Africa as a nurse]. 161 98

A prospective study of minor reactions after the four combined vaccinations for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis (DTPP) was performed in 540 infants in the Netherlands. An analysis was made of the symptoms observed by the infants' parents after 2026 inoculations. The aim was to assess the frequency, association, and risk of recurrence of minor reactions. These were designated as fever (greater than or equal to 38.0 degrees C), local reactions, crying, and other general symptoms (changes in sleeping or eating patterns, vomiting, drowsiness, fretfulness). Fever occurred after 67.7% of inoculations, one or more local reactions after 66.2%, and increased crying after 64.4%. After 80% of inoculations, one or more other general symptoms occurred. Only 4.4% of inoculations were followed by no minor reaction. Fever rarely occurred as an isolated symptom; it showed a significant association (i) with one or more local reactions, (ii) with increased crying, and (iii) with two or more other general symptoms. Chances of fever, redness at the inoculation site, and crying after inoculation increased with repeat inoculations if these reactions had occurred after preceding inoculation(s).
 ...
PMID:Frequent symptoms after DTPP vaccinations. 177 87

In a clinical trial of stabilized yellow fever vaccine from Institute Pasteur in 77 children aged seven to eight months, fever was the most significant immediate and delayed side effect. Fever occurred in 12 (15.6%) children with in 48 hours of vaccination while it occurred in 10 (12.9%) children within ten days of vaccination. Other recorded side effects were pain at innoculation site in four (5.2%) children and vomiting in one (1.3%) child. Temperature recorded in 20 of the 22 febrile episodes ranged from 37.8 degrees C to 38.6 degrees C. One of the two patients who had temperatures of 39 degrees C and above had malaria parasites in her blood film. All episodes of fever except one responded to antipyretic. There was no episode of febrile convulsion and no feature suggestive of encephalitis. Of the 20 children who had neutralization test carried out against yellow fever virus six weeks after vaccination, the test was positive in post vaccination sera of 12 (60%) children whose pre-vaccination sera were negative. Two others showed evidence of partial protection. Although the seroconversion rate of 60% is less than reported in adults and older children, the result of this study shows that yellow fever vaccine is safe and fairly effective in infants. It is our suggestion that if a larger trial confirms our findings, the vaccine may be incorporated into the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) to be given at the age of seven months after completion of diptheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccinations and before measles vaccination is due.
 ...
PMID:Safety and efficacy of yellow fever vaccine in children less thanone-year-old. 227 33

Non-polio enteroviruses are currently the most common agents of the central nervous system viral infection, and are the major causes especially in patients with aseptic meningitis. The practical problems with enterovirus meningitis revealed from the investigation of our patients are as follows. (1) The triad of symptoms of meningitis (fever, headache, vomiting) were seen only in 50% of the older children affected. The only manifestation of neonates with aseptic meningitis was fever. (2) In more than half of the patients, the cerebrospinal fluid showed polymorphonuclear predominance within 3 days from the onset. (3) The causal viruses were isolated frequently (70%) from the cerebrospinal fluid of the children with aseptic meningitis. (4) The patients more than 1 year of age had no sequela clinically. Among neonates and early infants, transient abnormalities of brain CT findings were seen in 40% and delayed speech in 30%. Their prognosis should be investigated more precisely.
 ...
PMID:[Enterovirus infections]. 846 Nov 63

Acute viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) such as acute flaccid paralysis, meningitis, and encephalitis, are responsible for a high morbidity, particularly in children. Non-Polio enteroviruses (NPEV) are known to be responsible for over 80% of viral meningitis in which the etiologic agent is identified. In the present study, we show the frequency of enterovirus meningitis in Brazil from December 1998 to December 2003. Enterovirus were isolated from 162 (15.8%), of a total of 1,022 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens analyzed. Echovirus 30 was identified in 139 of these isolates (139/162-85.2%). Other identified enteroviruses were: Coxsackievirus B5 (3.7%), Echovirus 13 (3.7%), Echovirus 18 (3%), Echovirus 6 (1.2%), Echovirus 25 (1.2%), Echovirus 1 (0.6%), and Echovirus 4 (0.6%). Patients's age ranged from 28 days to 68 years old. The most frequent symptoms were fever (77%), headache (69.5%), vomiting (71.3%), neck stiffness (41.3%), convulsion (7.1%), and diarrhea (3.7%). Although, the majority of the patients recovered without any complication or permanent squeal, five deaths occurred. Throughout the surveillance period, five viral meningitis outbreaks were confirmed: four in the Southern Brazil and one in the Northeast Brazil. Echovirus 30 was responsible for four out of the five outbreaks while Echovirus 13 caused the fifth one. Besides the outbreaks, 734 sporadic cases were also identified during the study period and 59 of these were positive for virus isolation (8%). Echovirus 30 accounted for 70% of the isolates. Our results showed that Echovirus 30 was the most prevalent etiological agent of viral meningitis in Brazil, causing both outbreaks and sporadic cases.
 ...
PMID:Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998-2003. 1629 28

This study investigated the clinical manifestations and outcomes of central nervous system (CNS) infection by enteroviruses. Cases with CNS involvement among all enterovirus-culture-positive cases from January 1995 to June 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Among 1028 enterovirus-culture-positive cases, there were 333 cases involving the CNS. Of these, the ratio of male to female subjects was 1.78, and the mean (+/- standard deviation) age was 6.83 +/- 5.9 years; 21 were premature neonates, and 10 failed to thrive. Disease entities included 282 cases of aseptic meningitis (84.7%), 44 cases of encephalitis (13.2%), and 7 cases of encephalomyelitis/polio-like syndrome (2.1%). Of these cases, 97.9% (326/333) had fever with peak body temperature at 38.9 degrees C, 85% had headache and vomiting, 70% had meningeal signs, 64% had neck stiffness, 16.6% (55/333) had change of consciousness, 5.4% (18/333) had seizures and 5.2% (17/333) had myoclonic jerks. Mannitol was administered in 77.2% of patients (257/333), along with intravenous immunoglobulin in 6.6% (22/333). Twelve cases received ventilator support. One patient died of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, encephalitis plus cardiopulmonary failure, and 2 premature neonates died of hepatic failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis-like syndrome and myocarditis. Eighteen had neurologic sequelae, including 7 with limb weakness, 5 with epilepsy, 2 with sixth cranial nerve palsy, 3 with cerebral palsy, 4 with psychomotor retardation, 2 with spasticity, and 1 with hearing loss. Factors associated with unfavorable outcomes (death or sequelae) included younger age (p=0.0003), higher peak white blood cell count (WBC) [p=0.0009] and skin rash (p=0.005). Younger age and higher peak WBC were poor prognostic factors of severe enterovirus CNS infection. Death was related to neonatal enterovirus infection and enterovirus 71 infection in young children.
 ...
PMID:Clinical features and factors of unfavorable outcomes for non-polio enterovirus infection of the central nervous system in northern Taiwan, 1994-2003. 1634 42

A 3-month-old infant was admitted to the respiratory unit for dyspnoea and vomiting after her second DTaP-Polio vaccine shot. The chest X-rays showed a white right lung with a left mediastinal shift. A pleural aspiration assessed the diagnosis of chylothorax. A conservative treatment was initiated with a fat-free diet and pleural aspirations. As this treatment was ineffective, a total parenteral nutrition was started at day 11, plus increasing doses of Octreotide. As the chylothorax persisted at day 50, a pleuroperitoneal shunting was performed but a pleurodesis was finally necessary. The child was discharged from the hospital 6 weeks after the surgery. Ten months later, her physical and biological conditions were normal and her chest X-rays dramatically improved. This case highlights the difficult management of infant chylothorax. Although conservative treatment has to be tried first, surgical procedures as pleuroperitoneal shunting and rarely pleurodesis have to be discussed.
...
PMID:An idiopathic congenital chylothorax: surgery or conservative management? 2478 32

Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is a highly infectious viral disease, predominantly affecting children under five years old. The virus is transmitted from person-to-person and mainly spreads through the fecal-oral route. The virus multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system via the bloodstream, potentially causing paralysis. Polio symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, neck stiffness and pain in the limbs. The disease causes permanent paralysis in one out of 200 infections. Currently, there is no cure for polio; it can only be prevented by immunisation.1.
 ...
PMID:Wild Poliovirus Type 1 in Oman: A re-emerging threat that requires urgent, targeted and strategic preparedness. 3219 Mar 63