Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty four beagle dogs, male and female were orally given 10, 30, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, for 3 months followed by a recovery test for 4 weeks. One of 4 female dogs which were treated with the highest dose of 200 mg/kg/day throughout the experimental period died of bronchial pneumonia. Hypersalivation and occasionally vomiting was observed in dogs treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day. Skin eruption such as erythema and papules was observed mostly at the ventral surface of the neck, chest and upper abdomen in dogs in these two experimental groups. Histological examination of the lesion revealed cellular infiltration with edema and expansion in the dermis and slight hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis and acanthosis. Changes in erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values and hemoglobin contents during the course of administration were variable among dogs but these were obvious in animals treated with higher doses. An increase in erythropoiesis of the bone marrow, extramedullary hematopoiesis and slight hemosiderosis in liver and spleen were revealed by histological examination. Above histological observations suggest that captopril may cause hemolysis. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells with increased number of JG granules were shown in the highest dosage group even 4 weeks after suspension of captopril administration. A distinct plasma renin activity supported the morphological changes. From the results of three months administration of captopril to beagle dogs, the maximum non-toxic dose may be around 10 mg/kg/day and toxic dose 100 mg/kg/day.
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PMID:[Three month subacute toxicity of captopril in beagle dogs]. 627 85

Encouraging results of the combination of upper hemibody irradiation (UHBI) and local chest irradiation (LCI) combined withh standard-dose chemotherapy in patients with extensive small cell bronchogenic carcinoma led us to a second pilot study utilizing the same radiation program combined wit high-dose induction chemotherapy. Fourteen patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, five with extensive disease and nine with localized disease, were treated with cyclophosphamide (1.5 g/m2 iv, Days 1 and 22), lomustine (70 mg/m2 orally, Day 1), and methotrexate (15 mg/m2 twice weekly during Weeks 2, 3, 5, and 6). UHBI (600 rads) was given during Week 6 in a single dose and LCI was given during Week 7 (2000 rads/five fractions) to the tumor and mediastinum. Maintenance chemotherapy began in Week 12 with cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks) and lomustine (70 mg/m2 orally every 6 weeks). Twelve patients were evaluable for response and toxicity (eight with limited disease). There were three complete response and seven partial responses after induction chemotherapy. After completion of the consolidation radiation therapy, all 12 patients had a response: six complete responses and six partial responses. Acute toxic effects included nausea and vomiting in eight patients, fever in five, and hypotension and angina in one. Subacute toxic effects included nausea, vomiting, and dehydration in two patients who required hospitalization, prolonged aplasia in one, reversible radiation esophagitis in three. Three patients had radiation pneumonitis including one with bilateral diffuse disease that led to death from respiratory failure. Only two of 12 patients received their maintenance therapy on schedule. Treatment failures occurred within the LCI field in seven patients and in distant metastatic sites in six. The median time to first relapse was 7 months and the median survival was 9 months. Because of toxicity, treatment delays, and poor survival in this group of patients, we cannot recommend this combined modality approach.
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PMID:Upper hemibody and local chest irradiation as consolidation following response to high-dose induction chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma--a pilot study. 628 19

Upper half body irradiation (UHBI) was given to 41 of 121 patients with extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung. All patients were treated with 6 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV). Responding patients also received prophylactic cranial irradiation and local irradiation to prechemotherapy intrathoracic disease. Among the 70% (85/121) of patients who responded to chemotherapy, 41 have received UHBI, given one to two months later. The single fraction midline dose given has been increased in successive patients from 300 to 720 cGy (uncorrected for inhomogeneities). Actual lung doses were higher by 9-22%, (determined in 31 patients by CT scanning and lung density measurements). Adverse effects seen were vomiting, fever, drowsiness, myelosuppression, liver dysfunction and dry mouth. All were transient, and no pneumonitis or treatment deaths occurred. Adverse effect rates were similar at all dose levels. UHBI is well tolerated in patients who have received chemotherapy and merits further study.
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PMID:Upper half body irradiation (UHBI) for extensive small cell carcinoma of the lung. 631 60

A four - month old boy with Salmonella Typhimurium meningitis is presented. This patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of staphylococcal pneumonia, pyo-pneumothorax, cardiac failure and anemia. He has been treated for 18 days and he was discharged in good condition. Two days after discharge patient was readmitted with a fever, vomiting and feeding problem. In physical examination, stiff neck and bulging of the fontanel were remarkable. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has revealed meningitis and cultures of blood and CSF specimens were positive for S. typhimurium. It was sensitive only to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and netilmicin. Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (IM) and netilmicin (IV) were given. At the fifth day of this treatment patient expired. Postmortem examination has revealed the same agent in both meninges tissue and CSF cultures.
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PMID:[Salmonella meningitis]. 636 87

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 31 children. Of the 25 confirmed bacterial infections, 23 were cured by the CAZ therapy (efficacy rate, 92%). CAZ was assessed as effective in acute pharyngitis with vomiting (4), acute laryngitis (1), pneumonia (8), urinary tract infections (5), acute gastroenteritis (1), infection accompanying acute leukemia (septicemia suspected) (1), acute purulent meningitis (2) and abscess of the lateral cervical cyst (1). The main pathogens which responded to CAZ were H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. As adverse events, mild melena with prolonged prothrombin time (1) was found to be associated with the CAZ therapy. Half-life of the CAZ serum level was 0.97 +/- 0.10 hours, and urinary excretion was high. Penetration into the CSF in 2 cases of acute purulent meningitis was satisfactory. The data suggest that CAZ is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic when used in children with infections of CAZ-susceptible bacteria including P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 637 50

474 patients admitted in ICU between 1976 and 1981 were retrospectively analysed. Pneumonia (P) was assessed by condensation on chest X ray. P developed in 14,3%. 24 hours after admission 77,6% of P had appeared. Initial location was unilateral in 79,4% with predilection to the inferior half of the right lung. Fever was almost constant (89,5%). Promoting factors were observed: delay between ingestion and admission, vomiting and tracheobronchial embarrassment, coma depth. Recovery was simple in 83,3%. Among the 14 deads, 6 died because only of p, in 4 other P was aggravating. Duration in ICU was much longer when P was present (9 +/- 8,1 days) than when P was absent (2,5 +/- 2,1) p less than 0,001.
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PMID:[Lung diseases complicating acute poisoning with psychotropic drugs]. 661 27

Surgery for gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children has been shown to be safe and effective, but long-term results of the surgery have not been investigated. Because studies in adults show objective evidence of recurrent reflux five years postoperatively, we recalled 25 children for long-term follow-up of surgery. The preoperative symptoms of vomiting, apnea, pneumonia, and hematemesis were permanently controlled in all patients. Failure to thrive was reversed in all patients except those with multiple malformations. Extended esophageal pH monitoring revealed only one patient with symptomatic recurrent reflux. As a group, the children had significantly less reflux as measured by extended pH monitoring than did controls. Thirty-six percent of patients had mild to moderate symptoms of gas bloat. Thirty-two percent were described as very slow to finish most meals. Twenty-eight percent were unable to burp or vomit. Twenty-five percent choked on some solids. These symptoms did not correlate with the type of operation performed. Long term outcome of antireflux surgery in children is better than in adults.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of surgery for gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. 683 83

During the last twenty years pleuropneumonia in pigs, caused by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, has spread globally. The increasing importance of the disease within swine production is apparently connected with increasing industrialization and subsequent heavy concentration of a large number of animals in the individual production unit. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae seems to be specific for pigs. Several more or less pathogenic serotypes of the bacterium are known. Serotype 2 as occurring in Denmark is primary pathogen for pigs which have not previously been in contact with the infection. Immunity of varying strength and duration is left after recovery. Prolonged immunity in an animal is presumably dependent on latent infection or on repeated infections. Normally there is a large number of latently infected animals in attacked herds. Such animals, especially sows and boars, represent a potential infection reservoir which might be the basis of new clinical outbreaks under conditions of reduced herd immunity or of compromised general resistance of animal groups. Clinical disease is most frequently seen in young pigs and fatteners, as piglets are generally protected by maternal antibodies. Acute pleuropneumonia is characterized by high temperature, lost appetite, light cough and often vomiting. Morbidity is high, especially by new-infection where there may also be considerable mortality if adequate antibacterial therapy is neglected, however, normally the disease implies low mortality. The pathological lesions are localized to the respiratory organs. The lungs are the seat of fibrinous necrotising pneumonia (red, grey hepatization), more or less extensive, most frequently of the diaphragmatic part of the lung. Furthermore fibrinous, later on fibrous pleuritis and pericarditis may be seen. The fibrous pleuritis may be of decisive diagnostical value when established with high frequency in baconers. The disease causes losses as a consequence of increased use of medicine and reduced daily weight gain in fatteners. Optimum environment and feeding conditions will reduce such losses considerably. The use of commercially available vaccines makes it possible to fortify specific resistance against the disease in exposed groups of animals. In small herds with few infected animals the infection may be eliminated by discarding seropositive animals, combined with strategic medication. Elimination of the infectious agent in large herds can only take place by replacing all animals by an SPF-herd.
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PMID:[Pleuropneumonia in pigs due to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. I. A bibliographical review (author's transl)]. 703 96

Forty-two severely retarded patients, ranging in age from 2 to 26 years, were referred for diagnostic evaluation because of chronic vomiting. The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was made in 28 of the basis of reflux (grade III) on upper gastrointestinal series and the presence of esophagitis either grossly at endoscopy or on esophageal biopsy. Nissen fundoplication was performed in 22 because of the frequent occurrence of complications such as pneumonia, gastrointestinal blood loss, and malnutrition attributable to GER. The incidence of postoperative complications was 59%. However, during a mean follow-up period of 14.1 months, no further vomiting or gastrointestinal blood loss was encountered, and only one patient had a single episode of pneumonia. Weight gain in those who were malnourished was impressive. In addition, the already difficult care of the patients was greatly facilitated. Severely retarded patients with GER who suffer recurrent complications should be considered for Nissen fundoplication.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux in the severely retarded who vomit: criteria for and results of surgical intervention in twenty-two patients. 705 12

Children admitted for emergency operations because of trauma run a high risk of chemical aspiration pneumonitis syndrome. Fifty-eight children admitted for closed reduction of fractures and suturing of wounds were studied in a double-blind manner in order to see if metoclopramide could be of value in decreasing the risk of aspiration during anaesthesia. Metoclopramide given before anaesthesia proved to enhance gastric evacuation and could thus be of value in these situations. In addition, the study showed that the time from last oral intake until start of anaesthesia is of less importance then the type of trauma in prolonging the gastric emptying time and thus increasing the risk of vomiting and aspiration of vomitus into the lungs during anaesthesia.
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PMID:Pharmacological evacuation of the stomach with metoclopramide. 714 60


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