Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical presentation, complications and sensitivity pattern was studied in 30 cases of enteric fever. Fever was the main presenting feature in all. Other associated predominant presenting feature were vomiting in 15 (50%), Loose motion 9 (30%), Cough 6 (20%), headache 4 (13.33%) and altered sensorium in 2 (6.66%). The various complications observed during hospital stay were myocarditis 5 (6.16%), Paralytic ileus 2 (6.66%), Pneumonia 1 (3.33%) and Joint effusion in 2 (6.66%) cases respectively. In laboratory parameters-mild elevation of blood urea and SGOT/SGPT were detected in 1st week, which returned to normal in 2-3 weeks time. In vitro sensitivity of organism isolated (24 cases) were as follow--Chloramphenicol 7 (29.16%), Ampicillin 8 (33.33%), Gentamicin 22 (91.66%), Amikacin 24 (100%), Cefotaxime 22 (91.66%), Ciprofloxacin 24 (100%), and Ofloxacin 24 (100%). Clinical response to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin was 100%, and fever subsided in 3-5 days.
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PMID:Changing profile of enteric fever--in summer-91. 130 27

Forty-eight dogs were separated into four groups of six males and six females. Acrolein (0.1% aqueous) was administered in gelatin capsules to three of these groups at dosing levels of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg kg-1 day-1 based on results of a range-finding study. After 4 weeks, the high dose was increased to 2 mg kg-1 day-1. The fourth group received deionized water in the same number of gelatin capsules as the high-dose group. Dosing was 7 days per week for 53 weeks. Blood and biochemical measurements were made pretest and at 3-month intervals thereafter. At termination, all dogs were subjected to full necropsy and histological examination. The major test effect noted was frequent vomiting after dosing. This was observed to be dose-dependent and the frequency decreased with time, indicating an adaptive effect. One mid-dose female died during the test and was diagnosed as having died of severe bronchial pneumonia, probably a result of vomitus aspiration. Serum albumin, calcium and total protein values were depressed in high-dose animals throughout the study. Some variability in red blood cell parameters and coagulation times were noted but the significance of these effects was not obvious.
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PMID:One-year toxicity of orally administered acrolein to the beagle dog. 144 75

Eighty-two patients were hospitalized following an accidental exposure to chlorine. All patients presented with dyspnoea and cough. The other symptoms included irritation of throat (53.6%), irritation of eyes (42.3%), headache (29.2%), abdominal pain (26.8%), vomiting (24.3%) and giddiness (9.7%). All of them had bronchospasm and 5 (6%) had cyanosis at the onset. An x-ray of the chest revealed patchy infiltrates in 3 (3.85%) and hilar congestion in 2 (2.44%). Pulmonary function tests showed an obstructive pattern in 27.4%, restrictive in 3.25% and mixed in 53.2%. Pulmonary functions were normal in 16.1% of the patients. Bronchoscopy revealed tracheobronchial mucosal congestion in all cases, hemorrhagic spots in 35.7%, erosions and ulcers in 12.5%. All patients were treated with oxygen, aminophylline, hydrocortisone and antibiotics. Haematemesis (n = 1) and pulmonary oedema (n = 2) developed 12 hours after the admission. Two other patients developed pneumonia 48 hours later. All patients recovered satisfactorily. On follow-up 16 patients had no sequelae after one year. Pulmonary functions were normal in 5 patients after 3 years of follow-up.
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PMID:Acute accidental exposure to chlorine fumes--a study of 82 cases. 145 67

The designation of "Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis" (IBSN) was first given by Friede in 1975. However, this unusual condition was first described by Paterson and Carmichael in 1924. The disease is rare with uncertain etiology. The clinical picture includes choreoathetosis, abnormal eye movements, seizures and mental dullness. These circumstances often follow symptoms such as fever, vomiting and impaired consciousness. The final diagnosis is confirmed by pathological examination, which reveals symmetrical degeneration of bilateral basal ganglia. With present technology IBSN can be well demonstrated in the brain Ct scans or MRI scans nowadays. This article reports four cases with clinical manifestations which had appeared before the age of one year. Three cases had prodromal upper respiratory tract infection symptoms with vomiting, while seizure and impaired consciousness ensued. One case had several bouts of pneumonitis followed by seizures, impaired consciousness and abnormal eye movement. Brain sonogram of one of these cases showed hyper-echoic basal ganglia, while CT scans or MRI scans revealed symmetrical hypodensity or signal change over bilateral basal ganglia, respectively. All of these led to a bedridden life. These four cases are reported based on their clinical presentations and brain imaging findings, in spite of the absence of pathological confirmation. Some of the literature are also reviewed. To sum up, IBSN should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of symmetrical bilateral basal ganglia lesion after the exclusion of other disorders such as neurometabolic disorders, central nervous system infection, carbon monoxide intoxication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, tumors and cerebrovascular disorders etc.
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PMID:[Infantile bilateral necrosis of the striatum of corpus: report of four cases]. 151 18

Between 1976 and 1989 an antireflux operation (193 Nissen; 5 Thal) was performed in 198 children with profound neurological impairment (NI). Etiology of the NI was a syndrome in 24%, congenital in 30%, and acquired in 46%. The most frequent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), vomiting and pneumonia, were significantly reduced (P less than .05) after the antireflux operation. Postoperatively, 141 children (71%) developed return of one or more symptoms that had been preoperatively associated with GER, whereas 57 patients (29%) remained asymptomatic. Of the children with symptoms, 86 (61%) underwent diagnostic testing to exclude recurrent GER and 55 (39%) had no diagnostic evaluation. Recurrent GER was documented in 31 patients and a mechanical problem with the fundoplication in 18 children, an operative failure rate of 25%. The symptom-free interval following the antireflux operation averaged 11 months postoperatively; return of symptoms showed no statistical relationship to the etiology of NI, presence of seizures, or degree of muscle tone. The majority of children required multiple outpatient or emergency department visits for evaluation of these symptoms or assessment of gastrostomy tube problems. Survival of all children was 71% at an average postoperative follow-up of 3.5 years.
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PMID:Sequelae of antireflux surgery in profoundly disabled children. 843 98

Intestinal malrotation may be complicated by volvulus and intestinal necrosis. One hundred two children (64 male, 38 female) undergoing surgical abdominal exploration from 1977 to 1987 had malrotation. Fifty-two patients were less than 7 days of age, 13 from 8 to 30 days, 26 from 31 to 365 days, and 11 were older than 1 year of age. Of infants, 39 of 65 had 40-week gestations, 18 of 65 had 36- to 39-week gestations, and 8 of 65 had less than 36-week gestations. Chief symptomatology included: bilious emesis (47), intestinal obstruction (19), abdominal pain (11), and bloody stools (7). Seventy patients had congenital anomalies (50 single, 20 multiple). Diagnostic evaluations included 56 upper gastrointestinal series and 27 barium enemas. Each patient underwent correction of malrotation and appendectomy, and correction of congenital anomalies (omphalocele-9, gastroschisis-6, diaphragmatic hernia-7). Complications included short gut (2), sepsis (5), feeding difficulties (2), pneumonia (3), small bowel obstruction (2), and other (15). Nine patients (8.8%) died (trisomy 18-1, trisomy 13-1, intestinal necrosis-3, hepatic failure-1, prematurity-1, other sepsis-2). Two hundred sixteen children with intestinal malrotation have been treated from 1937 to 1987. Mortality rate has improved from 23% to 2.9%.
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PMID:Malrotation of the intestine in children. 154 4

We have evaluated the clinical toxicity of Epirubicin 80 mg/m2 i.v., every 3 weeks in 58 patients with FIGO III-IV endometrial adenocarcinoma or squamous uterine cervix carcinoma. The median age of the whole group was 59 years (37-77); 37 patients were previously treated with radiotherapy and two with cisplatin based chemotherapy. The median KI at entry was 80. A total of 308 courses of chemotherapy were administered with a median of 5 per patient. Overall toxicity data shows that this dose level is associated with mild haematological toxicity with only two cases having grade 3 (WHO) leukopenia. Nine patients suffered emesis in spite of prophylactic therapy and were classified as grade 3. One case presented grade four diarrhoea but the relation with the antineoplastic treatment was uncertain. One woman with hepatic dysfunction at entry had grade 3 leukopenia, developed pneumonia and died. The median total cumulative dose of EPI was 360 mg/m2 (160-880) with 19 cases exposed to cumulative doses higher than 550 mg/m2. Congestive heart failure was not observed. Our data confirm the safety of EPI at these dose levels and suggest the possibility of developing new trials with higher doses of this anthracycline analog.
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PMID:Epirubicin: clinical toxicity during the phase II program in endometrial and cervical cancer. 154 98

The histological and histochemical findings in the respiratory muscles of a patient with severe neonatal nemaline myopathy are described. The patient suffered from frequent pneumonia associated with vomiting due to gastroesophageal reflux and died at 3 months from respiratory failure. The diaphragm was moderately involved and the intercostal muscles mildly involved. Core/targetoid structures were observed in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
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PMID:Severe neonatal nemaline myopathy--histological and histochemical studies of respiratory muscles. 162 19

Anti-reflux procedures have been advocated in children with profound neurologic disability referred for feeding gastrostomy when gastroesophageal reflux is present. Facilitation of care, reduction in pneumonia and vomiting, and improvement in the general health and survival of these children have been major goals of fundoplication and gastrostomy. In large pediatric series, these procedures have been reported to have low risk and negligible mortality rates. Recent reports, however, document an increased incidence of sequelae of fundoplication in children with profound neurologic disability. This paper retrospectively reviews a series of 35 nonverbal, nonambulatory pediatric patients undergoing a total of 39 fundoplications (37 Nissen, 1 Thal, and 1 Belsey) over an 11-year period. Neurologic impairment of 17 (49%) patients was acquired, 13 (37%) congenital, and 5 (14%) due to a syndrome. Perioperative complications occurred in six (17%). Three additional complications led to early postoperative death. A fourth early death was unexplained. Fourteen (40%) had recurrent pneumonia, 11 (31%) recurrent vomiting, 8 (23%) choking-gagging-retching complex, and 3 (9%) bowel obstruction requiring laparotomy. Recurrent gastroesophageal reflux was documented in seven (20%) patients. A second ARP was performed in six (17%). There were 14 (40%) late deaths. Although the major goals of anti-reflux procedure are clearly achieved in many severely impaired children with gastroesophageal reflux, the use of Nissen fundoplication to resolve the complications of swallowing disorders and improve outcome with an acceptably low risk in this complex set of patients does not appear to be established.
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PMID:Nissen fundoplication in children with profound neurologic disability. High risks and unmet goals. 163 87

The clinical spectrum of toxic effects and serum concentrations after ingestion of carbamazepine were studied in 82 pediatric patients. Serum carbamazepine level was related to the depth of coma (p less than 0.001), convulsions (p = 0.002), hypotension (p less than 0.001), and the requirement for mechanical ventilation (p less than 0.001). In 10 patients in deep coma with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 3-4, the mean serum level was 213 mumol/L (range 143 to 343); seizures, ventilatory failure, or hypotension caused by myocardial failure and conduction defects were observed. In four of these, large doses of inotropic agents were required, one patient was treated with plasmapheresis, and two died--one of cardiac failure and one of aspiration pneumonitis. In 27 patients with moderate coma (GCS 5-8), the mean serum level of carbamazepine was 112 mumol/L (range 63 to 176); convulsions were observed in two patients in this group. In 45 patients whose conscious state was mildly depressed or normal (GCS 9-15), the mean serum level was 73 mumol/L (range 37 to 128); additional effects were drowsiness (80%), ataxia (53%), nystagmus (38%), vomiting (17%), and dystonia (7%). I conclude that patients with serum carbamazepine levels of approximately 100 mumol/L require close observation, whereas those with levels greater than 150 mumol/L may require intensive life support.
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PMID:Acute toxic reaction to carbamazepine: clinical effects and serum concentrations. 164 Mar 2


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