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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical aspects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in 103 children under 12 years admitted to hospital over an eight-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Respiratory illnesses occurred in 87 (85%) cases. The prevalence of lower respiratory tract involvement was similar in both pre-school and school children. Cough was the commonest symptom at all ages. Coryzal symptoms and wheeze were common in pre-school children. Most infants had signs of pharyngitis or otitis media. Non-specific symptoms--fever, lethargy, malaise, anorexia and vomiting--were common accompaniments in children older than one year of age. Non-respiratory illnesses in 16 (15%) patients included gastroenteritis, convulsions, non-specific skin rashes and limb pains. The duration of stay in hospital ranged from two to 30 days (median five days) with apparent clinical recovery and resolution of chest X-ray abnormalities within three months in 78 (76%) patients seen for review.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. A retrospective review of 103 hospitalised children. 53 6

We retrospectively reviewed the manifestations of influenza A2 in 83 hospitalized young children. Our purpose was to define the spectrum of clinical illness in this age group. Findings included fever (91%), vomiting or diarrhea (49%), pharyngitis (34%), pneumonitis (29%), otitis media (24%), conjunctivitis (13%), croup (13%), and bronchiolitis (6%). Neuromuscular manifestations occurred in 16 patients (19%) and included seizures, apnea, opisthotonos, and myositis. Three children had cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Children younger than 3 months of age had fever less often and gastrointestinal symptoms more often than older children. Threee children died of progressive pneumonitis. We conclude that influenza A2 may cause a wide range of respiratory and neurologic findings in infancy and early childhood.
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PMID:Type A2 influenza viral infections in children. 62 60

Ten-day, double-blind, randomized, parallel treatment regimens of loracarbef (200 mg capsule twice daily or 15 mg/kg/day oral suspension in two divided doses up to a maximum of 375 mg/day; n = 169) and penicillin V (250 mg capsule four times daily or 20 mg/kg/day suspension in four divided doses up to a maximum of 500 mg/day; n = 175) were compared in the treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Post-therapy clinical responses were similar for evaluable patients in both treatment groups: 97.4% of the loracarbef group (101/115 patients cured and 11/115 improved) and 96.0% of the penicillin group (101/124 patients cured and 18/124 improved). A statistically significant difference in the pathogen elimination rate was noted between treatment groups: post-therapy throat cultures were negative for GABHS in 94.8% (109/115) of loracarbef-treated patients compared with 87.1% (108/124) of penicillin-treated patients (p = 0.040). Loracarbef and penicillin V were comparable in terms of safety. Headache and nausea/vomiting were the most common events reported during therapy (nausea/vomiting were slightly less common in the loracarbef group). Three patients in each group were discontinued from the study due to drug-related adverse events; one due to rash in the loracarbef group and one due to rash and one due to vomiting in the penicillin group. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef twice daily is more effective in eradicating GABHS than penicillin V four times daily, and the two drugs are comparable in safety and clinical efficacy in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis and tonsillitis.
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PMID:Loracarbef versus penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis. 142 89

The authors observed 6 cases of brain pseudotumours in children aged from 3 to 15 years. All patients had been referred with the diagnosis of brain tumour, with headaches, eye fundus changes fundus changes. Some children had nystagmus, squint, vomiting and dizziness. One child had pharyngitis, two had sinusitis. Contrast brain examinations gave normal results. Diet with salt and fluid restriction and oedema-reducing drugs (glycerol, mannitol, decadron) were used. In all patients the neurological and ophthalmological signs regressed within 3 to 12 weeks.
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PMID:[Pseudotumor cerebri in children]. 145 58

A 7 1/2-yr-old girl suffered, since early infancy, severe recurrent myalgia during periodic attacks of fever, vomiting and pharyngitis. Neither myoglobinuria nor exercise-induced muscle pain was present. She was found to have carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency (CPTD) in leukocytes, fibroblasts and muscle. This case exemplifies the importance of looking for an associated metabolic etiology of recurrent febrile myalgia even in the absence of myoglobinuria.
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PMID:Severe periodic febrile myalgia in infancy due to carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency. 148 55

A 65-year-old man had a 3-day history of sore throat, fever, rigors, back pain, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient's daughter had group A streptococcus pharyngitis. The patient was found to have a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. He underwent resection of the aneurysm and right axillary femoro-femoral bypass graft. The patient died 40 hours after admission. Gram stain of the aneurysm showed numerous gram-positive cocci. Group A streptococcus grew from cultures of blood, throat, and aneurysm. The group A streptococcus was M type 3, T type 3 and produced streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A. This case is a very rare fatal complication of group A streptococcus pharyngitis.
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PMID:Group A Streptococcus septicemia and an infected, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with pharyngitis. 152 Aug 2

An outbreak of severe haemorrhagic illness began in the municipality of Guanarito, Portuguesa State, Venezuela, in September, 1989. Subsequent detailed study of 15 cases confirmed the presence of a new viral disease, designated Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. Characteristic features are fever, toxicity, headache, arthralgia, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and haemorrhagic manifestations. Other features include facial oedema, cervical lymphadenopathy, nausea/vomiting, cough, chest or abdominal pain, and convulsions. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 54 years; all were residents of rural areas in central Venezuela, and 9 died. Infection with Guanarito virus, a newly recognised arenavirus, was shown by direct culture or by serological confirmation in all cases. Epidemiological studies suggest that the disease is endemic in some rural areas of central Venezuela and that it is rodent-borne. Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever has many similarities to Lassa fever and to the arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers that occur in Argentina and Bolivia.
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PMID:Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. 168 54

Atypical measles syndrome has been reported extensively in the pediatric medical literature. However, the clinical picture in the adult is similar to that of many other diseases, making the diagnosis elusive. The case reported here was unusually morbid. The patient, a young man, had been in excellent health until the onset of a perplexing syndrome. When seen by the author, he had been ill for 1 week with chills, pharyngitis, and vomiting; later, a nonpruritic, maculopapular rash developed. Symptoms progressed to pneumonitis and hepatitis. A rubeola titer was obtained and was found to be considerably elevated. Because of the high titer and the fact that the patient had been immunized against measles in early childhood, the diagnosis was atypical measles syndrome. Two theories are offered to explain the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Atypical measles: a diagnostic conundrum. 193 6

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute febrile, exanthematous illness associated with multisystem failure including shock, renal failure, myocardial failure and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It usually presents with fever, pharyngitis, diarrhoea, vomiting, myalgia, and a scarlet fever-like rash, and may progress rapidly (within hours) to signs of hypovolaemic hypotension such as orthostatic dizziness or fainting. The signs and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome should be recognised early to permit successful therapy. Patients are usually suffering from hypovolaemia due to leaky capillaries and fluid loss into the interstitial space, and consequently large volumes of fluid, both crystalloid (e.g. saline, electrolyte-solutions) and colloid (e.g. albumin, intravenous gamma-globulin), may be necessary to maintain adequate venous return and cardiac output. Patients with toxic shock syndrome usually have a focus of staphylococcal infection such as a surgical wound infection or soft tissue abscess, or they may have TSS associated with menstruation and use of a vaginal device such as tampons. The site of infection should be adequately drained and treated with antimicrobial therapy. Subacute complications including ARDS and myocardial failure require a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology to ensure appropriate treatment. Recurrences of TSS can be avoided by appropriate antimicrobial treatment and avoidance of recurrent conditions which might favour staphylococcal toxin production (e.g. use of tampons during menstruation). More than 95% of patients survive toxic shock syndrome if appropriate therapy is instituted early.
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PMID:Therapy of toxic shock syndrome. 219 66

Dry syrup and tablet of newly developed cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) was investigated in the departments of pediatrics of 17 institutes and their related hospitals. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR in pediatrics were investigated. Peak blood levels of CPDX at dose levels of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 2.24 +/- 0.21 and 4.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml, respectively, in fasting and 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 3.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively, after meal. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hours were 31.2 +/- 2.2% of dose in average. 2. Clinical efficacies of CPDX-PR on various infectious diseases were studied in 748 cases. Clinical efficacy rate in 499 cases with causative bacteria isolated was 94.6%: efficacy rates for individual infections were 96.8% (120/124) for tonsillitis, 96.0% (96/100) for urinary tract infection, 93.5% (58/62) for pneumonia, 92.4% (61/66) for impetigo, 100% (32/32) for scarler fever and 93.2% for pharyngitis or laryngitis. Bacteriological eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 91.0% (244/268); and for Gram-negative organisms, 89.7% (210/234). The clinical efficacy rate for cases which were non-responsive to previous antibiotic therapy was 88.1% (74/84). 3. Side effects and clinical laboratory findings were investigated in 779 cases. Two each of vomiting, loose stool and rash, 10 of diarrhea and 1 of diarrhea associated with candidiasis were reported, but no serious side effects were noted. There was no serious laboratory test abnormality except slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet, transaminase or prolongation of prothrombin time, totalling 34 occurrences.
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PMID:[Overall clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil against infections in pediatric fields]. 268 63


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