Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight sailors on board the Asiafreighter were exposed to arsine that had escaped from a cylinder in the cargo hold. Four suffered severe toxicity and within a few hours had developed fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and haemoglobinuria. These patients had pronounced intravascular haemolysis, which in one patient was complete. This patient was also stuporose and anoxic, a condition attributed to failure of oxygen transport and sludging of red cell debris in the cerebral and pulmonary circulations, but he regained a normal level of consciousness after exchange transfusion. Evidence of marrow depression was present: the reticulocyte response to the haemolysis was poor and there was a thrombocytopenia. All four patients developed renal failure, one being totally anuric for five weeks. Two patients developed peripheral neuropathy, and one was still severely disabled six months after the incident. The other four patients had a similar, though less severe, illness.
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PMID:Arsine toxicity aboard the Asiafreighter. 16 42

A 47-year-old man had an episode of severe respiratory failure after acute intoxication with arsenic. Features of the initial clinical presentation included nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, acute psychosis, diffuse skin rash, and marked pancytopenia. A peripheral neuropathy then developed which resulted in severe weakness of all muscles of the limbs, the shoulder and pelvis girdles, and the trunk. The neuropathy continued to progress despite treatment with dimercaprol (BAL in oil). Five weeks after the initial exposure, the patient was no longer able to maintain adquate ventilation and required mechanical ventilatory support. Improvement in the patient's neuromuscular status permitted successful weaning from the ventilator after one month of mechanical ventilation. Long-term follow-up revealed no further respiratory difficulty and slow improvement in the strength of the peripheral muscles.
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PMID:Acute respiratory failure following severe arsenic poisoning. 22 46

In 17 patients (15 women, 2 men) with acute intermittent porphyria in the incidence of 23 clinical symptoms during 49 attacks was calculated. The most frequent symptoms in percentage of attacks were: Red colour of the urine 100%, abdominal pain 92%, tachycardia 88%, hypertension 75%, vomiting 54%, peripheral neuropathy 50%. In 35% of acute attacks a transient normochromic, normocytic anemia developed which is probably due to a disturbance of heme synthesis. Oliguria was found in 25%, azotemia in 12.5% of attacks. 4 patients with an average of 5 preceding acute attacks showed a persistent reduction of renal function during the symptom-free interval, in contrast to 12 patients with an average of 1.7 previous attacks and normal renal function. During the observation period from 1960-1974 3 (= 18%) of the 17 patients died.
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PMID:[Acute intermittent porphyria: report on 17 patients with 49 attacks (author's transl)]. 99 30

Forty-six patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with a combination of high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and mitomycin. Thirty-four patients (74%) had a performance status of 1, and 39 patients (85%) had adenocarcinoma. Of the 42 patients evaluable for response and toxicity, four achieved a partial response (10%); no patient achieved a complete response. Seven patients who had received prior chemotherapy showed no major response. The median survival of all 42 patients was 23 weeks. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting toxicity for this regimen, and 12 of 46 patients (26%) developed neutropenic fever requiring hospitalization and parenteral antibiotics. Of the 12 patients with severe neutropenic fever, one patient died because of toxicity. Nonhematologic toxicities, including azotemia, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, and hearing loss were transient and modest. We conclude that high-dose cisplatin combined with etoposide and mitomycin is a relatively toxic regimen with a low response rate. Further evaluation of the combination as given in this trial is not warranted.
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PMID:Phase II study of combination therapy with high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and mitomycin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 131 94

Cisplatin has many toxic effects; emesis, impairment of renal function, myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity and renal tubular wasting. We used MVP regimen (Mitomycin C, Vp-16, and Cisplatin) in advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Using hydration and prophylactic supplementation of sodium and potassium before and during chemotherapy, we have observed the development of hyponatremia in 48 courses (43%), hypokalemia in 23 courses and hypomagnesemia in 11 courses. Some patients showed abnormalities of renal function in 16 courses. All the electrolyte depletion and renal problem was corrected before next courses by hydration and replacement of the wasting. Frequent measurement of serum cation and appropriate replacement are recommended when high dose Cisplatin containing regimen is used in chemotherapy of neoplasms.
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PMID:Renal salt wasting in patients treated with high-dose cisplatin, etoposide, and mitomycin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 133 77

20 patients with malignant brain tumors in childhood were treated according to a regimen which included initial surgery, preradiation chemotherapy and subsequent irradiation. The chemotherapy consisted of alternating cycles of high-dose methotrexate (12 g/m2) and "8 drugs in 1 day" (Bleyer, 1983). Each cycle was to be given up to six times, as tolerated. The diagnoses were medulloblastoma in 10 cases, astrocytoma in 5 cases, ependymoma and PNET in 2 patients each, and malignant mesenchymoma in 1 case. 15 patients were previously untreated, 5 patients experienced relapse after a different first line therapy and a longer time interval. 8 patients are in continuous complete remission for 13 to 54 months. The toxicity upon the bone marrow, the kidney and the inner ear was tolerable. Long lasting emesis contributed a marked problem to the patients but did not cause abbreviation of the therapy. The neurotoxicity was notably mild. Three episodes of generalized seizures were seen without subsequent sequelae, four cases of peripheral neuropathy were attributable to vincristine. A leukoencephalopathy was neither detected on clinical grounds nor on neuroradiological imaging. Therapy related deaths were not seen. We conclude that the combination of HD-MTX and "8 in 1" markedly contributes to the intensification of the chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors in childhood. In the setting as preradiation chemotherapy the toxicity is tolerable.
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PMID:[High dosage methotrexate in combination with "8 in 1" in therapy of pediatric grade III/IV brain tumors]. 158 54

We report five patients who have taken inorganic germanium preparations over a prolonged period. In all cases, the renal function deteriorated with no proteinuria or hematuria. Histological examination of the kidneys showed widespread tubular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis with minor glomerular abnormalities. Most patients had gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, anorexia and weight loss; one patient had peripheral neuropathy and myopathy. A considerable amount of germanium was detected in the hair or nails of these patients. These cases clearly show that abuse of inorganic germanium compounds can induce renal damage with various extrarenal manifestations.
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PMID:Germanium poisoning: clinical symptoms and renal damage caused by long-term intake of germanium. 165 Aug 57

In a non-randomised study in six centres in the UK, 24 patients with previously untreated small-cell lung cancer of limited extent were treated with a regimen of alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy to assess response, toxicity, and the feasibility of applying such a regimen on a multicentre basis in the UK. The intention was to give six courses of chemotherapy on five consecutive days at 4-week intervals: etoposide 75 mg m-2 on days 1, 2, and 3; doxorubicin 40 mg m-2 on day 1; cisplatin 100 mg m-2 on day 2; and cyclophosphamide 300 mg m-2 on days 2, 3, 4 and 5. A dose of 20 Gy thoracic radiotherapy was to be given following the 2nd and the 3rd courses, and one of 15 Gy following the 4th course. After 12 patients had been admitted, the cisplatin dosage was reduced to 80 mg m-2 because of unacceptable toxicity. Two patients were withdrawn during treatment on review of their histology because their diagnosis was found to be incorrect. Only one patient of the 12 treated with cisplatin 100 mg m-2 was able to complete treatment, compared with five of the eligible ten given the lower dosage. Among the 22 patients with confirmed small-cell disease, a complete response was reported in 14 (64%) and a partial response in a further three (total response rate 77%). Myelosuppression was the commonest serious adverse effect. It occurred in 19 of the 24 patients and gave rise to septicaemia in five, four of whom were receiving the higher cisplatin dose. Sixteen patients required blood transfusion and ten platelet transfusion. Vomiting, oesophagitis, and peripheral neuropathy occurred in 12, four and four patients, respectively, and radiation pneumonitis developed in two. Treatment was considered a contributory cause of death in four. The working party concluded that the alternating regimen was feasible in only a small proportion of centres in the UK, and decided not to embark on a multicentre randomised trial comparing alternating with conventional scheduling.
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PMID:A Medical Research Council phase II trial of alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy in small-cell lung cancer. The Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. 165 88

A Phase I trial of three carboplatin-based combination chemotherapy regimens was conducted. These included: carboplatin plus vindesine; carboplatin, vindesine, plus bleomycin; and, carboplatin plus vinblastine. Carboplatin was administered every 28 days as an intravenous bolus. The initial dose was 150 mg/m2 and doses were escalated by 50 mg/m2 in each successive group of patients. Vindesine was given at a dose of 3 mg/m2 weekly for 5 doses, then every other week thereafter. Bleomycin, 10 units/m2 IV bolus, was followed by 10 units/m2/day infusion for 4 days (3-7 and 31-35). Vinblastine was given at 5 mg/m2 every other week. Doses of vindesine, vinblastine, and bleomycin were not escalated. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the carboplatin, vindesine +/- bleomycin regimens was reached at a carboplatin dose of 250 mg/m2 and the MTD was influenced by the weekly vindesine in the initial 4 weeks of therapy. The MTD of the carboplatin and vinblastine regimen was reached at a carboplatin dose of 500 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity of all three regimens was leukopenia. Although nonhematological toxicity of the carboplatin and vinblastine regimen included peripheral neuropathy and emesis, therapy was easily administered in an outpatient setting. The recommended Phase II dose of carboplatin is 450 mg/m2 in combination with vinblastine at this dose and schedule for previously untreated patients. Twelve patients demonstrated major responses with the various regimens including 5 of 24 patients with adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:A phase I trial of combination chemotherapy employing carboplatin, vinca alkaloids, with or without bleomycin in patients with advanced malignant tumors. 169 10

Nineteen patients with non-small cell lung cancer (eight patients with adenocarcinoma, nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma, one patient with large cell carcinoma and one patient with sarcoma) who had not received previous chemotherapy were treated with a combination of adriamycin (30 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1), cisplatin (80 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1) and etoposide (70 mg/m2, i.v., on day 1-5). This chemotherapy regimen was repeated as long as possible for patients in whom PR was induced. Among all patients, CR was induced in none and 6 showed a PR (response rate 32%). However, 4 (56%) squamous cell carcinoma patients also showed PR. The median response duration in 6 PR patients was 28 weeks, and the median survival time in all patients was also 28 weeks. Mild to severe hematologic toxicities were induced and one patient died during myelosuppression. However almost all cases were reversible. Other toxicities included alopecia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, peripheral neuropathy and myocardial infarction which were reversible and manageable. The APVp therapy may be a valuable regimen for non-small cell lung cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[Adriamycin, cisplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer]. 184 90


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