Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Helicobacter pylori, one of the most commonly encountered human pathogens, has been recognized in more than half of adults and children with chronic nonspecific gastritis, and nearly all children with peptic ulcer disease demonstrate antral infection with H. pylori. A high prevalence and early colonization of H. pylori infection in childhood was described in developing countries in contrast to developed countries. The current diagnostic methods include histology, microbiological culture, urease activity detection, polymerase chain reaction, and stool antigen detection. The infection often presents with nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain but may remain asymptomatic. The treatment modality options are multiple; however, the association of a proton-pump inhibitor and two antibiotics for 1 or 2 weeks gives the best eradication rates. Drug resistance is a growing problem in this microorganism and new therapeutic options are currently limited.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric population: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy. 1537 Nov 20

It is estimated that by 2020, >16% of people in the United States will be > or =65 years of age and that nearly 20 million will be >85 years of age. Aging imparts a variety of physiologic changes in the oropharynx, esophagus, and stomach that increase the risk for esophageal and gastrointestinal disorders. Older individuals also tend to have a higher prevalence of comorbid factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, presence of other diseases, or use of medications (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) that increase their risk for acid-related disorders. Given these physiologic and comorbidity factors, the elderly are at higher risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pill-induced esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and complications related to the use of NSAIDs. Unfortunately, in the elderly patient with these disorders--even those with severe disease or complications--symptom presentation may be subtle or atypical, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Endoscopy remains the "gold standard" for the identification of mucosal disease and should be performed in all patients with "new-onset" or persistent symptoms who are >45 years of age, as well as in individuals of any age who present with alarm symptoms, such as weight loss, vomiting, anemia, dysphagia, or evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. In general, the treatment of older individuals with peptic ulcer or GERD and its complications is similar to that of younger individuals. Proton pump inhibitors are the mainstay of therapy for symptom relief, healing of erosive esophagitis, resolution of peptic ulceration, reduction of the risk for NSAID-induced mucosal damage, and prevention of disease recurrence.
 ...
PMID:Aging, the gastrointestinal tract, and risk of acid-related disease. 1547 47

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been reported to occur in children worldwide, but no information is available for our community. The aim of the study was to report our experience on the pattern of this condition in Saudi Arabian children. The records of all children below 18 years of age who were diagnosed by endoscopy to have PUD over a period of 10 years were analysed. From 1993 to 2002, 24 children out of 521(5 per cent) who presented with upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms were diagnosed by endoscopy to have PUD. All but one (96 per cent) were Saudi nationals, the average age was 15 years (range 5-18 years), and the male to female ratio was 7:1. The commonest presentation was chronic abdominal pain in 15/24 (63 per cent) of the children, followed by vomiting associated with abdominal pain in four (17 per cent). Hematemesis and melena occurred in three (13 per cent), and two children (8 per cent), respectively. There were 20 duodenal (92 per cent) and four gastric ulcers. The primary type was the most common, occurring in 19 (79 per cent) of the children. Histopathology results of antral biopsies were available for 15 children; all of them had antral gastritis. Helicobacter pylori organisms were present in 13/15 (87 per cent) of the antral biopsy specimens. In Saudi children, peptic ulcer disease occurs more commonly in boys. It is a rare cause of upper GIT symptoms, but highly associated with H. pylori antral gastritis. This study documents a pattern similar to descriptions from other countries.
 ...
PMID:Peptic ulcer disease in children and adolescents. 1553 16

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presents in different ways in children, most commonly with vomiting, or with esophageal symptoms such as regurgitation, heartburn, or dysphagia. Extraesophageal symptoms and signs also frequently occur. Less well recognized is that abdominal pain is a relatively common mode of presentation. Although abdominal pain is common in school-aged children, GERD and other acid-related disorders such as peptic ulcer disease are relatively uncommon causes of such. A careful history will usually determine whether an acid-related disorder is in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain. Early detection and treatment of GERD in children may prevent, attenuate, or heal complications such as failure to thrive or feeding refusal as well as pulmonary, ear-nose-and-throat disorders, erosive esophagitis, and peptic stricture. In children with persistent or severe symptoms and/or complications of GERD such as erosive esophagitis, the major treatment options are pharmacologic management with acid-suppressing medication, specifically proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), or antireflux surgery. For many patients, PPI treatment offers advantages over surgery. When given in adequate doses, PPIs can safely effect relief of GERD symptoms and healing of esophagitis in children. Antireflux surgery may work well in selected patients, but it carries significant risk of morbidity, including high failure rates, even in the short term. Some postoperative studies report that more than 60% of patients are back on medical treatment with proton pump inhibitors for recurrence of GERD symptoms, and a similar percentage have new symptoms that were not present before surgery. Death is uncommon but does occur and is an unacceptable risk in an otherwise healthy, low-risk individual. Laparoscopic surgery may have some disadvantages compared with open surgery, including a higher rate of redo operations. Studies show that many children undergo surgery for unclear indications, often with few preoperative diagnostic studies. The availability of highly effective medical therapy, together with more careful selection of patients for surgery, may result in better patient outcomes, with much lower operative rates.
 ...
PMID:Decisions in diagnosing and managing chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. 1575

Gastrointestinal complications are frequent in renal transplant recipients and can include oral lesions, esophagitis, peptic ulcer, diarrhea, colon disorders and malignancy. Oral lesions may be caused by drugs such as cyclosporine and sirolimus, by virus or fungal infections. Leukoplakia may develop in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The commonest esophageal disorder is represented by fungal esophagitis usually caused by candida. A number of patients may suffer from nausea, vomiting and gastric discomfort. These disorders are more frequent in patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Peptic ulcer is more rare than in the past. Patients with a history of peptic ulcer are particularly prone to this complication. Other gastroduodenal disorders are caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex infection. Diarrhea is a frequent disorder which may be caused by pathogen microorganisms or by immunosuppressive agents. The differential diagnosis may be difficult. Colon disorders mainly consist of hemorrhage, usually sustained by CMV infection, or perforation which may be caused by diverticulitis or intestinal ischemia. Colon cancer, anal carcinoma, and EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders are particularly frequent in transplant recipients. A particular gastric lymphoma called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma may develop in renal transplant patients. It usually responds to the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
 ...
PMID:Gastrointestinal complications in renal transplant recipients. 1591 Feb 87

There are few published surgical reports on peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in Ethiopia. Of 405 complicated peptic ulcer patients operated on in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa, from 1997 to 2001, the records of 351 patients were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed to assess the pattern of PUD complication and the outcome of surgical treatment. During the study period, complicated PUD patients comprised 3.8% of the total major surgical procedures. The male to female ratio was 5.6: 1.0. The mean age was 36.5 +/- 12.7 years. Of 351 patients, 337 (96%) had abdominal pain, in most epigastric, and 330 (94%) had vomiting as presenting complaints. Dehydration was observed in 44 (12.5%). Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) was the commonest complication followed by perforation that necessitated surgical intervention. The commonest operative procedure was truncal vagotomy and drainage. Nearly 5.0% died in hospital, most from complicated perforated peptic ulcer. Follow-up was possible in 262 patients for a mean of 16.2 +/- 15.0 months. Dumping and diarrhea were observed in 2.7% and 0.4% of the patients, respectively. Bile reflux gastritis was encountered in 1.5%. Truncal vagotomy and drainage remained to be easily learnable procedures with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.
 ...
PMID:Complicated peptic ulcer disease in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa. 1689 25

The domestic or European ferret (Mustela putorius furo) has been domesticated for thousands of years. Ferrets have been used for hunting and fur production, as pets, and as models in biomedical research. Despite the relatively small numbers used in the laboratory, ferrets have some unique applications including study of human influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated corona virus. They have served as models for peptic ulcer disease, carotenoid metabolism, cystic fibrosis, and drug emesis screening, among others. Most research ferrets are males, due to estrus-related health problems in females. They may be housed conventionally and are easy to care for when their biology and behavior are understood. Due to the small number of ferret suppliers, animals are often shipped long distances, requiring air transport and intermediate handlers. It is important to minimize shipment stress, especially with weanling and pregnant animals. Additional expertise is required for success with pregnant and whelping ferrets and for rearing of neonates. The animals have specific dietary requirements, and proper nutrition is key. Successful housing requires knowledge of ferret behaviors including social behavior, eating habits, a general inquisitive nature, and a species-typical need to burrow and hide. Regular handling is necessary to maintain well-being. A ferret health care program consists of physical examination, immunization, clinical pathology, and a working knowledge of common ferret diseases. Various research methodologies have been described, from basic procedures such as blood collection to major invasive survival surgery. Ferrets have a distinct niche in biomedical research and are hardy animals that thrive well in the laboratory.
 ...
PMID:Issues to consider for preparing ferrets as research subjects in the laboratory. 1696 14

A 6-year-old boy was hospitalized because of dark feces and facial pallor of 1 weeks duration. Other gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting and abdominal pain, were absent, but he felt dizziness when standing and fatigue on effort. Hematologic studies revealed iron-deficiency anemia, and endoscopy showed gastric erosions and a duodenal ulcer. All test results for Helicobacter pylori infection, including H. pylori antigen in stool, anti-H. pylori IgG immunoassay in serum, and the (13)C-urea breath test, were positive. Because an H. pylori-associated gastric ulcer had been diagnosed with endoscopy in the patients father 3 years earlier, father-son transmission was suspected. The patient was treated with triple-agent eradication therapy (proton pump inhibitor [lansoprazol], amoxicillin, and clarithromycin) for 2 weeks. One month after therapy was completed, eradication of H. pylori was confirmed by negative results on the stool antigen test. Peptic ulcer disease can occur in young children, as in this case. The stool antigen test kit is a useful and reliable method that can be used even in preschool children to diagnose H. pylori infection.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection with a duodenal ulcer in a 6-year-old boy. 1710 82

We describe a case of recurrent deterioration of renal function in a 54-year-old man who was found to have metabolic alkalosis, with a maximum PaCO(2) of 73.9 mmHg and a bicarbonate concentration of 55.3 mmol/l. He had a gradual exacerbation of nausea and vomiting due to atrophic gastritis, with a scarred, deformed pyloric part of the stomach and a duodenal bulb secondary to chronic peptic ulcer. His metabolic alkalosis and deteriorated renal function were corrected by intravenous saline with or without potassium chloride. However, his recovered creatinine clearance was at most 60 l/day (41.6 ml/min). A renal biopsy revealed cellular infiltration of mononuclear cells and atrophic change in the tubulointerstitium, suggesting chronic interstitial nephritis. Latent renal insufficiency and dehydration induced by protracted vomiting may easily induce a rapid and recurrent deterioration of renal function, and control of vomiting seemed to be the cardinal measure. Initially, his nausea and vomiting seemed to be successfully controlled by medication, however, they later became persistent and surgical correction of the stomach was carried out. Postoperative recovery was smooth, and the patient's vomiting and recurrent deterioration of renal function finally settled.
 ...
PMID:A case of recurrent renal failure associated with metabolic alkalosis induced by protracted vomiting. 1718 33

Bevacizumab is the first U.S. Food and Drug Association-approved vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agent that greatly increases progression-free and overall survival in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Although bevacizumab is generally well tolerated, some serious adverse events have occurred in some patients in clinical trials, including arterial thromboembolism and gastrointestinal (GI) perforation. GI perforation was first observed in the pivotal phase 3 trial, in which six events occurred in bevacizumab group (1.5%), compared with no events in the control group. Since then, similar rates of GI perforation have been observed in other large trials. Typical presentation was abdominal pain associated with constipation and vomiting. Such events occurred throughout treatment and were not correlated with duration of exposure. No difference in rate of GI perforations was found in patients who did and did not have a baseline history of peptic ulcer disease, diverticulosis, and history of chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, the incidence of GI perforation seemed to be higher in patients with primary tumor intact, recent history of sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, or previous adjuvant radiotherapy, but it is necessary to confirm these preliminary findings by multivariate analyses. The mechanism responsible for causing GI perforation is not known and may be multifactorial. Bevacizumab should be permanently discontinued in patients who develop GI perforation. This article reviews the incidence, presentation, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management of GI perforation in patients with colorectal cancer who are treated with bevacizumab.
 ...
PMID:Gastrointestinal perforation due to bevacizumab in colorectal cancer. 1735 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10