Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 17-year-old Filipina with a three-year history of intermittent, projectile vomiting and weight loss was admitted. A diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease was made, but she was unresponsive to antiulcer therapy. Fever, anorexia, cough, and exposure to tuberculosis were denied. Chest x-ray was normal. On barium swallow, the stomach and duodenal bulb were dilated. Endoscopic antral biopsy showed chronic inflammation. Computed tomography revealed enlarged periportal and peripancreatic lymph nodes and an intrahepatic mass. Liver biopsy failed to show any acid-fast bacilli. On laparotomy, the pyloroduodenal area was extrinsically compressed by surrounding lymph nodes, which, on biopsy, contained granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis and Langhan's giant cells. Gastrojejunostomy was done and antituberculous drugs were given. Pyloric stenosis due to tuberculosis is rare, but it should be considered in patients who come from areas where the disease is endemic. Medical management for such cases may suffice.
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PMID:Tuberculous mesenteric lymphadenitis presenting as pyloric stenosis. 755 42

Over a four year period, from August 1987 to July 1991, thirteen cases of chronic and recurrent gastric volvulus were encountered comprising six paediatric and seven adult patients. In none of the patients was the condition clinically suspected; diagnosis being made only at meticulous upper gastro-intestinal (UGI) barium series. The paediatric patients typically presented with obstructive symptoms of projectile vomiting especially after meals and failure to thrive. The adults had variable symptoms of dyspepsia, recurrent intermittent upper abdominal discomfort or pain, occasionally accompanied by vomiting or retching mimicking many different upper abdominal conditions, such as peptic ulcer, biliary tract or pancreatic disease but with negative findings at endoscopy and abdominal ultrasound scanning. All cases were organo-axial type of gastric volvulus. Associated conditions were small sliding hiatus hernia in two adult cases; partial small bowel malrotation in two cases, high jejunal obstruction also in two cases and congenital hip dislocation in one patient. An infant had umbilical hernia, previous meconium cyst and meconium peritonitis. The condition seems not as uncommon as previously thought; the key to diagnosis being constant awareness, a high index of clinical suspicion and a carefully performed UGI barium series especially during the attack of pain.
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PMID:Gastric volvulus: more common than previously thought? 765 6

Changes in immunoreactive (ir)-somatostatin, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations of the human gastric mucosa were examined in subjects with nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and peptic ulcer to clarify the relationship between these peptides and dyspeptic symptoms. Fifty-six patients with NUD were divided into two subject subgroups as follows: 22 patients with upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, and/or vomiting (motility disorder group) and 34 patients complaining of upper abdominal pain [ulcer-like disorder (UD) group]. These patients were compared with either an age- and sex-matched group of asymptomatic outpatients without any organic disease (control group: n = 51), or to a group with peptic ulcer (PU group: n = 30). Ir-somatostatin concentrations of the gastric mucosa were significantly higher in UD group than in PU, motility disorder, or control group, and ir-substance P concentrations in the UD group were higher than in the PU group. No difference in ir-calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations was observed among the four groups. These results indicate that there may be two distinct subgroups in NUD, and that NUD is not just a stage within the spectrum of peptic ulcer disease from the viewpoint of several gastrointestinal-hormone concentrations of the human gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Immunoreactive-somatostatin, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations of the human gastric mucosa in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease. 768 83

Residual gastritis after gastrectomy brings the various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, emesis and loss of appetite, and often hazards quality of life of the patient. Bile reflux to the stomach is believed as one of the important pathogenesis of residual gastritis, however the prevention for bile reflux cannot always heal the gastritis. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered as one of the most important pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastritis, and H. pylori may possibly cause residual gastritis after gastrectomy. However, the association between infection with H. pylori and the residual gastritis has not revealed yet. In the present study, the association with H. pylori and the residual gastritis after gastrectomy was investigated in 56 patients who had undergone gastrectomy before. Twenty-four patients (42.9%) had H. pylori infection at their stomachs and the incidence of the infection in the patients with gastrectomy was significantly higher with subtotal gastrectomy. As for the histological gastritis score of Rauws (Rauws' score), Rauws' score of H. pylori positive group was significantly higher than H. pylori negative group. Furthermore, the eradication of H. pylori for the patients with serious symptoms of gastritis improved the symptoms and decreased significantly Rauws' score. These results suggest that H. pylori was associated with the pathogenesis of residual gastritis after gastrectomy.
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PMID:[Residual gastritis after gastrectomy and Helicobacter pylori--its clinical significance]. 778 78

A preliminary dose-range finding study, two 13-week studies and a 52-week study were performed in beagle dogs with polaprezinc (catena-(S)-[mu-[Na-(3-aminopropionyl)histidinato (2-)-N1,N2,O:N tau]-zinc], CAS 107667-60-7, Z-103), a novel anti-peptic ulcer agent, as part of a safety evaluation program. In the preliminary single-dose study, treatment-related findings were confined to one animal treated with 200 mg/kg and consisted in emesis and mucosal lesions in the stomach and upper small intestine. Based on these data, dosages were selected for the main 13-week study (0, 50, 120 and 300 mg/kg/day) and additional 13-week study (0, 8 and 20 mg/kg/day). The dosages for the 52-week study were 8, 20 and 50 mg/kg/day. In the 13-week studies, dosages of 50 mg/kg/day and above resulted in emesis, mild diarrhea and salivation; reduced food consumption and associated reduction in body weight gain for high dosed females; increased blood alkaline phosphatase and decreased urinary specific gravity; histopathological changes in the kidney of the high dosed group in males and females. These changes were no longer apparent following the withdrawal period. In the 52-week study, similar but milder and transient results were noted at the high dose of 50 mg/kg/day. From these results, the no-effect dose level was estimated to be 20 mg/kg b.w./day.
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PMID:Toxicity of the novel anti-peptic ulcer agent polaprezinc in beagle dogs. 789 70

In a prospective study, all patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were documented between February 1984 and April 1992. A total of 227 patients were treated by local injection of epinephrine followed by laser application and injection of polidocanol or fibrin tissue adhesive. In five of these patients, intramural hematomas developing at the former bleeding site one to three days after endoscopic treatment were observed. The presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The diagnosis was established by endoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, or laparotomy. In four of our five patients, the bleeding site and hematoma were located in the duodenum. All patients suffered from severe underlying diseases, and showed a clear disturbance of coagulation parameters. In three patients, acute pancreatitis occurred concurrently with the hematoma, probably due to obstruction of the papilla of Vater or compression of the pancreas caused by the hematoma.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal intramural hematoma, a complication of endoscopic injection methods for bleeding peptic ulcers: a case series. 800 90

Fibreoptic oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) was performed on 45 dysplastic patients suspected of having peptic ulcer (PU). Evidence of PU was found in 39.9% and no abnormality was detected in 60%. Epigastric pain alone (62.2%) and with vomiting (15.5%) were the major reasons for suspecting PU. There were no complications arising from the procedure. It is concluded that OGD is a safe procedure which should be made more available and that the pattern of PUD in Eldoret is similar to that in Nairobi.
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PMID:Dyspepsia: preliminary experience with upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy in Eldoret. 806 76

Helicobacter pylori is an important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer disease. However, the basic causal mechanisms of H pylori colonization on the gastric mucosa are still unclear. The authors evaluated the prevalence of H pylori colonization in 266 children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a 12-month period. The indications for endoscopy were follow-up of esophagitis related to gastroesophageal reflux (n = 17), suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux (n = 51), abdominal pain (n = 28), vomiting (n = 30), follow-up of esophageal atresia (n = 46) and duodenal atresia (n = 28), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 28), and miscellaneous (n = 38). The methods used to detect H pylori colonization were histology and the rapid urease test. H pylori colonization was demonstrated in 31 (11.6%) of the 266 patients. In two patient groups, a high prevalence of colonization was identified. In patients with an operated duodenal atresia, 36% (10 of 28) had H pylori on the gastric mucosa. The organism was demonstrated on the gastric mucosa in 47% (8 of 17) of the patients with gastroesophageal reflux-related esophagitis; five of the eight patients had neurological impairment. In the other patient groups, the prevalence of H pylori infection ranged from 2% to 14%. The present study suggests that, in children, the disturbed esophagogastroduodenal motility, which is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux and duodenal atresia, predisposes to H pylori infection.
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PMID:Does disordered upper gastrointestinal motility predispose to Helicobacter pylori colonization of the stomach in children? 807 8

An 11-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital with fever, vomiting and seizures and was diagnosed with purulent meningitis. Two days later, an acute, perforated, duodenal ulcer was detected in the patient. Surgery was performed, and the patient made an uncomplicated recovery. Peptic ulceration is underdiagnosed in children and this leads to delay in diagnosis and appropriate management. Peptic ulceration may occur during severe illness or viral infections, but perforation is rare.
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PMID:Perforated duodenal ulcer: an unusual complication of meningitis. 819 10

Nodular duodenum, frequently described as nodular duodenitis, is endoscopically characterized by multiple erythematous nodules in the proximal duodenum and may represent a variant of duodenal inflammation. This study examines the incidence, clinical presentation, histologic correlates, natural history, and response to therapy of nodular duodenum in 83 patients who presented with epigastric pain, heartburn, early satiety, bloating, nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal bleeding. There was a previous history of peptic ulcer disease in 58% of patients and gastroesophageal reflux in 33%. None of the patients had associated end-stage renal disease. Endoscopically, in addition to nodular duodenum, esophagitis was found in 17% of patients and gastritis in 32%. Histology of duodenal nodules revealed chronic inflammation in 58% of patients, Brunner's gland hyperplasia in 9%, gastric heterotopia in 7%, and normal mucosa in 26% of patients. In a group of 34 patients studied prospectively, high dosage (300 mg orally bid) therapy with the H2-antagonist ranitidine for 8 wk significantly improved symptoms and endoscopic appearance (p < 0.05). In 26 patients who completely or partially failed H2-antagonist therapy, continuation of therapy with omeprazole (40 mg orally qd) for 8 wk significantly improved symptoms and endoscopic findings (p < 0.05) in 10 patients. These therapeutic approaches led to improvement in the endoscopic findings, but to no statistically significant changes in the underlying histologic appearance of the duodenum. We conclude that nodular duodenum is an endoscopically distinct entity that may respond clinically to antisecretory therapy, but remains difficult to eradicate completely.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic features of the nodular duodenum. 831 6


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