Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The benefits from medical treatment in colorectal cancer are limited. Fluorouracil remains the only recognized drug, and how to treat unresponsive patients is still debated. To evaluate the role of folinic acid (FA) in circumvence resistance in colorectal cancer, 28 patients pretreated with fluoropyrimidine were candidated to receive one of the following schedules: fluorouracil (600 mg/m2) associated with FA (500 mg/m2) weekly for 6 weeks (Regimen A: 21 cases), or fluorouracil (370 mg/m2) plus FA (200 mg/m2) daily for 5 days every 4 weeks (Regimen B: 7 cases). Fourteen patients were pretreated with doxifluridine, a new fluoropyrimidine derivative with a peculiar mechanism of action, and the remaining 14 patients with fluorouracil. All but 2 patients were unresponsive to first-line treatments. When the treatment began, the median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 30-68). The performance status (ECOG) was 0/1 in 25 of them, and the primary tumor was in the colon and rectum in 19 and 9 patients, respectively. Sites of disease were liver (64%), lung (35%), local recurrence (10%) and peritoneum (10%). A median of 3 cycles (range, 1-7) was delivered, and no objective response was observed in the group of patients pretreated with doxifluridine or in the group pretreated with fluorouracil. In 5 cases a significant decrease in baseline CEA values was observed. Therapy was well tolerated, and no grade 4 toxicity was encountered. Severe toxicity was limited and included diarrhea (7 patients), stomatitis (1 patient) and nausea/vomiting (1 patient). High-dose FA has no role in reversing resistance to fluoropyrimidine, and other mechanisms of refractoriness are surely involved. FA should be associated with fluoropyrimidine as first-line therapy together with other biochemical modulators. Further rescue therapies need to be developed.
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PMID:Reversal of resistance to doxifluridine and fluorouracil in metastatic colorectal cancer: the role of high-dose folinic acid. 146 82

A 49-year-old man with liver metastasis from rectal cancer was treated with cisplatin (CDDP) alone. Cisplatin was administered intravenously 3 times at a dose of 50 mg (31 mg/m2). He achieved an excellent PR (94% decrease) as determined by CT scanning, and plasma CEA level decreased from 37 to 2.2 ng/ml. The side effects were nausea, vomiting, and reflux esophagitis, but neither leucopenia nor renal dysfunction was observed. As a result, a radical operation could be undertaken.
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PMID:[A case report of liver metastasis from rectal cancer effectively treated with intravenous infusion of cisplatin alone]. 205 76

Continuous hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir was performed for liver metastases from colorectal cancer, and the therapeutic effects, side effects, and complications were evaluated. 9 patients with unresectable liver metastases were as follows, 1. Group A; 3 patients, MMC 2 mg.one shot + 5-FU 250 mg/day.continuous infusion x 14 days, and then 5-FU tablets 150 mg/day.p.o. x 14 days, 2. Group B; 4 patients, MMC 2 mg.one shot + 5-FU 500 mg/day.continuous infusion x 7 days, and then 5-FU tablets 150 mg/day.p.o. x 14 days, 3. Group C; 2 patients, 5-FU 500 mg/day.continuous infusion x 14 days, and then free from agents for 14 days. In 2 of 3 group A patients, the catheters became dislocated and one died of perforation of duodenum. In group A and group B, no severe side effects were noted. But both of group C patients showed nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In 8 of 9 patients (89%), serum CEA level fell below the preoperative level. In 4 of 7 patients who underwent CT scan, the size of the tumor regressed. Total infused dose of 5-FU was 8.17 +/- 7.56 g in group A, 16.9 +/- 2.88 g in group B, and 21.0 +/- 9.90 g in group C on average. In 2 patients of group B, therapy was repeated seven times.
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PMID:[Continuous hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir in liver metastases from colorectal cancer]. 211 7

A 47-year-old female patient with a primary carcinoma of the jejunum combined with colon polyp is presented. Having had an attack of vomiting, she visited our hospital. Oral small intestine radiography revealed a localized stricture with ulceration in the jejunum. Small intestinal endoscopy showed a tumor with an irregular surface and hemorrhagic ulceration. Selective superior mesenteric arteriography revealed a stenosis and deviation of arteries. These findings strongly indicated cancer of the jejunum, and a barium enema study and a colonoscopic examination revealed a polyp in the ascending colon. The resected tumor was histologically diagnosed as a well differentiated adenocarcinoma. CEA-positive cells also were observed. Further, a polypoid lesion in the colon was histologically diagnosed as an adenoma.
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PMID:[Primary carcinoma of the jejunum combined with colon polyp--report of a case]. 272 51

Two years and 10 months after gastrectomy, a 38-year-old man was diagnosed as having carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer. He was treated by intra-abdominal administration of 100 mg CDDP three times in addition to UFT. After each administration of CDDP, the amount of ascites and the serum value of CEA were decreased. Subjective symptoms, such as epigastric pain or sensation of fullness, were also improved. Although one year and 8 months has passed since the first administration of CDDP, the performance status of the patient remains 0. Nausea or vomiting was noted within 2 days after each administration. However, severe complications, like renal failure or intra-abdominal hemorrhage, were not observed. These findings suggest that repeated intra-abdominal administration of CDDP may be a useful therapy for carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Repeated intra-abdominal administration of CDDP in carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer--a case report]. 336 74

A 50-year-old woman with bilateral inflammatory breast cancer (T4, N1b, M1, Stage IV) underwent right extended radical mastectomy and left modified radical mastectomy following pre-operative administration of carcinostatics (ADM, 5-FU) and irradiation. However, tumor recurrence was observed at the skin and right pleural cavity after the operation. Adriamycin-containing combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed, but no significant response was obtained. CDDP was then administered intravenously at a daily dose of 62.5 mg/m2 at intervals of 60 days. The pleural effusion disappeared and the extent of skin metastasis was reduced, resulting in partial response which lasted for 90 days. The serum CEA level decreased from 13.1 ng/ml to 2.3 ng/ml. As the side effects of this therapy, slight nausea, vomiting and general fatigue were observed. This result suggested that CDDP is an effective drug for inflammatory breast cancer.
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PMID:[A case report of inflammatory breast cancer effectively treated with cis-platinum]. 363 75

Characterization of several high-affinity murine monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies suggested good specificity except for cross-reactivity with an antigen on granulocytes and erythrocytes which was different from the previously described normal cross-reacting antigen of granulocytes. In vivo studies in athymic mice using an indium conjugate of an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MoAb) revealed excellent specific uptake in colorectal carcinoma xenografts. Studies were conducted in humans to determine the limitations produced by the cross-reactivity with granulocytes and erythrocytes. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer received 3 to 6 mg of anti-CEA MoAb over 10 min or 2 hr. In five of six trials, the MoAb infusion was associated with a 40 to 90% decrease in circulating granulocytes and systemic toxicity including fever, rigors, and emesis. One patient had no change in cell count and had no toxicity. Radionuclide scans with 111In-anti-CEA MoAb showed marked uptake in the spleen when cells were eliminated, and in the liver, especially when pretreatment CEA levels were high. Metastatic tumor sites failed to concentrate the isotope. This study emphasizes the potential limitations for radioimmunodetection and/or radioimmunotherapy imposed by reactivity with circulating cells, and suggests that certain toxic reactions associated with MoAb infusions are related to destruction of circulating cells rather than allergic reactions to mouse protein. It also emphasizes how variables such as dose and binding affinity of antibody, radioisotope used, and assessment at different observation points can obscure lack of antibody specificity.
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PMID:Lack of radioimmunodetection and complications associated with monoclonal anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibody cross-reactivity with an antigen on circulating cells. 671 9

A 5-year-old girl was admitted to another clinic because of vomiting and convulsions. She was brought to our clinic after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted. CT scan on admission in our clinic showed a tumor in the pineal region with tumoral hemorrhage. Tumor markers such as HCG, AFP, CEA, P-LAP were within normal range. A biopsy of the tumor was performed and the histological diagnosis was pineoblastoma. Her recovery was excellent and disseminated metastasis was not recognized. A subtotal removal of the tumor was performed through the occipital transtentorial approach. She had no neurological deficits after surgery. She then received two 5-day cycles of chemotherapy, consisting of intravenous administration of 20 mg/m2/day cisplatin and 60 mg/m2/day etoposide, and craniospinal radiotherapy. After these therapies, the tumor responded and disappeared completely. Follow-up radiographic investigations also demonstrated no abnormal evidence except for brain atrophy. She is attending a primary school without any problems. Pineoblastoma is quite rare and remarkably malignant. Hence, aggressive therapies including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is indicated for this tumor.
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PMID:[A case of pineoblastoma successfully treated with surgery, combined chemotherapy of cisplatin and etoposide, and radiotherapy]. 747 3

In a phase I trial, 17 patients were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m2 and leucovorin (LV) 500 mg/m2 intravenously weekly for 6 weeks followed by 2 weeks' rest and interferon alfa-2b 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 million units (MU) subcutaneously tiw with no rest period. The most common toxicities were fatigue (12), diarrhea (10), nausea/vomiting (7), and fever (7). The maximum tolerated interferon dose was 8 MU tiw. Fatigue and increased incidence of other toxicities rather than a single dose-limiting toxicity occurred at the next highest interferon level. ECOG grade III/IV toxicity occurred in 5 patients and included transient supraventricular tachycardia and brief seizure episode (1), dyspnea (1), decreased performance status (1), anemia requiring transfusion (1), and deep vein thrombosis (1). No toxic deaths occurred. Two patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had partial responses lasting 5 and 4 months. Two other patients with NSCLC had either minor response or stable disease, and 1 patient with colon cancer had a significant decline in serum CEA. The recommended alpha interferon dose is 8 MU tiw when given with this schedule of 5-FU/LV.
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PMID:Alpha interferon, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil (ALF) in advanced cancer: results of a dose-finding study and evidence of activity in non-small cell lung cancer. 803 55

Nine cases of symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst are reported. Their most frequent signs and symptoms included headache, chiasmal syndrome and hypopituitarism, while one of the cases developed a sudden onset of headache and vomiting following diabetes insipidus. Endocrinological findings showed a decreased ACTH, gonadotropin and growth hormone more frequently while there were 2 cases of hyperprolactinemia and 1 case of diabetes insipidus. In a neuroradiological examination, a plain skull X-ray showed 5 cases of ballooning of the sella turcica, and a CT scan demonstrated a low to high density of the cyst and 2 cases of marginal enhancement of the cyst. MRI mostly demonstrated a well delineated mass at the sella extending mostly into the suprasellar region and a low to high intensity of the cyst in the T1-weighted image. Two cases were marginally enhanced after gadolinium DTPA administration. The pathological examination, done on 6 cases, showed either single or multiple layers of the epithelium which were mostly ciliated. The epithelium was positive in PAS and Alcian blue in all cases and a histochemical examination showed 3 cases to be positive in EMA and 2 cases positive in CEA. A resection of the cyst wall and an opening of the cyst is thus recommended in symptomatic cases. Therefore, the transsphenoidal approach should be the choice of treatment in an intra- and suprasellar extension of the cysts with sellar enlargement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst: a clinicopathologic study of 9 cases]. 816 47


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