Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of two chemotherapy regimens for recurrent and inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is reported. All patients had failed prior surgery and/or radiotherapy. 23 patients (group A) were treated with Cisplatin 120 mg/m2 and Adriamycin 60 mg/m2. 21/23 were evaluable for tumour response. The overall response rate (RR) was 28.5% (6/21, 2 CR and 4 PR). Methotrexate 250 mg/m2 with Leucovorin-Rescue 5 X 10 mg/m2 and 5-Fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 were administered to 28 patients. In 26 evaluable patients a RR of 38.4% (10/26, 5 CR and 5 PR) was achieved. The responders in groups A and B had a median survival of 98 and 85.5 weeks respectively and the non-responders 27 weeks in both groups. Nausea, vomiting and alopecia were common and severe in the DDP/ADM group. The major toxic effect of MTX/5-FU was neutropenia with two associated deaths from septicemia, although subjective side-effects were almost completely absent. MTX/5-FU can be recommended for the palliative treatment of recurrent squamous head and neck cancer because of an acceptable response rate, good subjective tolerance and the possibility of outpatient treatment.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of recurrent squamous cell carcinomas in the ENT area with cisplatin/adriamycin (DDP/ADM) and methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (MTX/5-Flu): a retrospective comparison of 2 protocols]. 374 8

The combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin was given to 26 children with untreated rhabdomyosarcoma to determine its efficacy as front-line chemotherapy. A treatment course consisted of 250 mg/m2 of dacarbazine given iv on Days 1-5 and 60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin given iv on Day 1. After three courses of therapy, 17 patients (65%) achieved partial response and nine failed to respond. The side effects of treatment consisted of nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, neutropenia associated with fever, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia (rarely). Although the response rate is comparable to other drug combinations, the lack of complete responses to the combination indicates that it is less effective as front-line therapy.
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PMID:Combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin in the treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. 402 41

The effect of oral infection of puppies, eight and 10 weeks old, with canine parvovirus of faecal origin was studied. Clinical signs of enteric disease were first apparent at five days after inoculation and persisted during days 6 and 7 after inoculation. The severity of clinical signs varied from transient dullness and anorexia to emesis, dysentery and death. Changes in haematological parameters were first found at day 3 after inoculation when a relative lymphopenia was observed. A profound neutropenia developed in severely affected dogs after the appearance of clinical enteric disease. Post mortem examination revealed thymic atrophy in all dogs killed on day 4 after inoculation. Macroscopic changes in the small intestine were apparent only in animals examined during the phase of severe enteric disease and consisted of thickening, rigidity and congestion of the small intestines. Microscopically there was lymphocytolysis in the thymic cortex and the germinal centres of the lymph nodes from days 2 and 3 after inoculation respectively and this rapidly resulted in depletion of these tissues. There was repopulation of lymph nodes from day 7 after inoculation but significant thymic regeneration was not apparent during the course of this study. In the small intestine, necrosis of crypt epithelium, atrophy of villi and, in some areas, complete collapse of mucosal architecture were found but the extent of these changes varied along the length of the small intestine and between individuals. Regenerative intestinal changes were observed in those animals surviving the acute phase of enteric dysfunction. The variable severity of clinical and enteric lesions, together with the factors which may affect the expression of clinical disease, are discussed.
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PMID:Canine parvovirus enteritis 1: Clinical, haematological and pathological features of experimental infection. 609 17

Twenty-nine of 32 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with two courses of an intensive chemotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin, bleomycin, and methotrexate (PBM). The frequency of toxic effects (in 29 evaluable patients) associated with this regimen was low. Serious neutropenia occurred in 17% and thrombocytopenia in 10% of the courses. Nausea (50%) and severe vomiting (6%) were easily managed. All 26 (100%) evaluable patients with squamous cell carcinoma had significant reduction (less than 50%) of measurable tumor. Complete regression was noted in seven patients (27%). Fifteen patients were treated with PBM prior to receiving radiation therapy or surgery as definitive treatment for their disease. Antitumor response in these patients was rapid, occurring within 3 weeks from the initiation of chemotherapy. Maximal antitumor effect was achieved by Week 6 of induction chemotherapy. No patient showed tumor regrowth prior to the institution of radiation therapy or surgery. Twelve patients with recurrent disease following previous radiotherapy and/or surgery also received PBM chemotherapy. In our study, previous radiotherapy or surgery did not diminish the antitumor effect of PBM, but toxicity was more severe.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with cisplatin, bleomycin, and methotrexate (PBM). 616 71

A combination therapy with 5 aza-cytidine (5 AZA-C), vincristine (VCR), and prednisone (PRED) was given to 53 children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia resistant to conventional therapy. Of these, eight children obtained a complete remission and seven a partial remission. Maintenance therapy was initiated in 12 children. The remission duration varied between 19 and 176 days (median 69 days). The main toxicity was vomiting and myelosuppression manifested as severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. It is concluded that VCR and PRED do not increase the response rate to that of 5 AZA-C as a single agent.
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PMID:Low response rate to 5 aza-cytidine, vincristine, and prednisone therapy in previously treated childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 616 89

The clinical and laboratory features of 96 children aged 6 to 36 months with acute rotavirus diarrhoea were compared to findings on 63 children of the same age with acute non-rotavirus diarrhoea. Of the rotavirus-associated cases 80% occurred between January and June. In general, the diarrhoea was more severe in these patients than in the others, but no difference was seen in duration of symptoms. Clinical features characteristic of rotavirus-associated cases included: dehydration and acidosis upon admission, vomiting, fever, neutropenia and sugar in the stools (Clinitest greater than or equal to 0.5%). In contrast, no difference was seen in the occurrence of respiratory symptoms (53% in the rotavirus, 62% in the non-rotavirus group), or in the presence of mucus strands, occult blood or leucocytes in stools. A combination of the above criteria may be helpful in the presumptive diagnosis of rotavirus diarrhoea.
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PMID:A prospective clinical study of rotavirus diarrhoea in young children. 625 82

Since the approval of lithium use in treatment of acute mania, there have been numerous clinical trials of lithium in medical and psychiatric disorders. This paper gives a brief review of the literature on lithium trials in approximately fourteen medical conditions. These are: hyperthyroidism, metabolizing thyroid cancer, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, premenstrual tension syndrome, anorexia nervosa, Felty's syndrome, chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, aplastic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, eczematoid dermatitis, cyclic vomiting, diabetes mellitus and asthma. Most of the case reports cited showed the efficacy of the side effects from lithium salt in the management of the symptoms and signs of these disorders, however, well-designed and controlled studies give negative results. The positive results are reported in the group of disorders having an underlying subdromal affective syndrome such as premenstrual tension syndrome and anorexia nervosa. Other encouraging reports include the effect of lithium to induce leucocytosis in Felty's syndrome and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
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PMID:A review of clinical trials of lithium in medicine. 639 35

A randomized study was conducted in patients who had measurable metastatic colorectal cancer to compare the relative efficacy and toxicities of oral tegafur (1 gm/m2/days 1-21) with those of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu, 500 mg/m2/days 1-4, then 250 mg/m2 on days 6, 8, 10, 12). The treatment courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Patients not responding to 5-Fu treatment were switched to tegafur. Randomization was stratified for presence or absence of liver metastasis and performance status. Partial responses were observed with 5-Fu, 6/32 (19%), tegafur, 7/35 (20%), and in patients who had been switched to tegafur after failing on 5-Fu, 1/20 (5%) with patients evaluable for response. Neutropenia was more common with 5-Fu (32% vs. 1% of treatment courses). Nausea occurred in about half the treatment courses; vomiting occurred in only 22%. Mucositis and diarrhea were more common with 5-Fu and severe in patients with liver function impairment. Neurologic toxicities due to tegafur were mild and occurred in less than 10% of the treatment courses. Oral tegafur and I.V. 5-Fu were equally effective against colorectal cancer, but tegafur was associated with minimal myelosuppression, which makes it suitable for use in combination with myelosuppressive antitumor agents.
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PMID:A comparative study of oral tegafur and intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. 640 17

A boy born healthy, developed gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, ulcerative stomatitis) and megaloblastic anaemia with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia at the age of five weeks. Serum levels of folate and cobalamin were normal, but there was cobalamin-mal absorption. In his serum apo-TC2 was not detectable and immunoreactive total TC2 was very low (10% of normal values). Cultured skin fibroblasts failed to secrete functioning TC2. Pharmacological amounts of parenteral Cyanocobalamin, administered regularly, led to hematological remission and normal development. Interruption of therapy was followed by relapse within a few weeks. A coexisting hypogammaglobulinemia did not respond to cobalamin therapy at the selected dose level. A family investigation of serum TC2 concentrations and the genetic TC2 variants in 7 persons of three generations yielded evidence of autosomal-recessive inheritance of a silent TC2 allele (TC2 QLFL SEA-like). Three persons with heterozygous deficiency were asymptomatic.
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PMID:[Inherited transcobalamin-II-deficiency: clinical, genetic studies and diagnosis using cultured fibroblasts]. 666 2

The association between Clostridium septicum sepsis in patients with malignant disease has been frequently documented. A presentation with fever, neutropenia, vomiting, and an acute abdomen is characteristic of this anaerobic infection which has been uniformly fatal in children with acute leukemia. We report the unusual course and the successful treatment of an adolescent with an abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma with leukemic transformation and clostridium septicum sepsis and cellulitis.
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PMID:Successful therapy of Clostridium septicum sepsis in a child with Burkitt's lymphoma. 678 26


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