Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty cases of advanced neuroblastoma treated at the Pediatric Surgical Department of Chiba University from 1975 through 1985 were discussed. Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) and VM-26 were administered to 7 patients with disseminated neuroblastoma resistant to treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine. One complete remission, 4 partial remissions, and 2 minor responses were observed in our series. These results were far better than in our previous study, in which patients were treated with regimens containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine. Several kinds of side effects were observed in children treated with CDDP. Vomiting occurred in all of them, and bone marrow toxicity was found in 5 among 7 patients. There was one case of severe nephrotoxicity caused by severe proximal tubular dysfunction with increased urinary loss of sodium, leading convulsion.
 ...
PMID:[Effectiveness of cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum in the treatment of advanced neuroblastoma]. 366 44

Within 1 year 74 children with neuroblastoma were registered, 30 patients with stage I-III (= 41%) and 44 with stage IV-metastatic disease (= 59%). An aggressive chemotherapy regimen employing Adriamycine, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Dacarbazine yielded 10/24 partial and 9/24 complete remissions after 9 weeks. 5/24 children were treated less than 9 weeks so far. At the end of the chemotherapy protocol (week 33) 6 recurrences were observed; 3 of these children died. 5 patients remained in complete remission, 1 in partial remission. 12/24 of patients were not evaluable because of treatment less than 33 weeks so far. The one year run of the study is too short to evaluate the benefit of Interferon (randomized trial). The toxicity of the regimen is tolerable, including bone marrow depression, vomiting and hyperpyrexia. Breaking off therapy was only necessary in one patient.
 ...
PMID:[Neuroblastoma study NBL79-society of pediatric oncology -- report after 1 year (author's transl)]. 616 57

Peptichemio (PTC), a multipeptidic complex of m-L-phenyl-alanine mustard, was administered to 39 children with neuroblastoma at relapse. The compound was given in two 5-day cycles at dosages varying from 1.0-1.5 mg/kg/day. We were able to evaluate 29 of the initial 39 children for PTC effect; 21 of them had received PTC as first therapy following diagnosis. Ten patients underwent other chemotherapy for relapse before PTC. Three patients were off therapy when relapse occurred. Subjective improvement was observed in 18 cases (62%). Eleven patients (38%) experienced an objective regression, which was scored as complete response in three cases, partial response in two, mixed response in six. In ten children no significant disease change was observed; the remaining eight had a progression of their disease while receiving PTC. The incidence of responses has been higher in patients off therapy at moment of relapse, and lower in those pretreated for their relapse. Previous administration of PTC did not reduce the chance of response at relapse. Major toxic effects were transient, mostly moderate myelodepression and phlebosclerosis. Allergic reactions, nausea, and vomiting, occurred in a few patients. These data indicate that PTC may exert objective antitumor activity in approximately one-third of neuroblastoma patients at relapse.
 ...
PMID:Peptichemio in neuroblastoma at relapse. 672 73

Etoposide is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and a relatively high therapeutic index. The synergism in animal with cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, BCNU, and cytosinarabinoside is interesting for combination regimen. Mechanisms of action are inhibition of nucleoside transfer and of DNA and RNA synthesis, single stranded breaks, inhibition of protein synthesis and of microtubular assembly. While in lower concentrations etoposide is acting cell-cycle-dependent with accumulation of cells in the G2-phase it has, in high concentrations, also a cellcycle-phase-unspecific lethal effect. Most suitable is the oral and i.v. application of etoposide in fractionated doses of 80--120 mg/m2 on 3--5 consecutive days and repetition after 21 [14--28] days. Side effects are dose-limiting bone marrow toxicity, nausea, vomiting, fever, hypotension, phlebitis, mucositis, neuropathy, cardiotoxicity, alopecia. Etoposide is one of the most active single agents in small-cell bronchus carcinoma with a remission rate of 37% (10% CR), and is very active in NHL (36%), testicular carcinoma (37%), AMML (35%), choriocarcinoma (35%), and neuroblastoma (29%). The role of etoposide in combination with other active drugs in these tumors is currently investigated in bronchus and testicular carcinoma and NHL, where etoposide will belong to the drugs of the first choice in the future.
 ...
PMID:[Etoposide VP 16--213)--a podophyllotoxinderivative with high antitumor activity (author's transl)]. 703 50

Rubidazone was administered to 24 children with advanced solid tumors or leukemia. The dose ranged from 80 to 150 mg/m2/IV daily to a total dose of 160 to 450 mg/m2/course. This course was repeated at intervals of approximately three weeks. Eighteen of 24 patients (75%) had received adriamycin and daunomycin as part of prior chemotherapy. The major toxic effects observed were myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, and skin rash. Four patients developed abnormal echocardiograms following the rubidazone therapy, 2 manifested clinical cardiac failure, of which one had anthracycline cardiomyopathic changes on autopsy. One of 7 adequately treated ALL patients achieved M2 marrow and improved peripheral counts for 3 weeks. One of the 2 neuroblastoma patients had subjective improvement of bone pain for 2 months. Rubidazone, in a previous heavily treated group of patients used in this study, had dosages of 360 and 450 mg/m2 which produced marrow hyperplasia to aplasia, with only minimal responses.
 ...
PMID:Phase I trial of rubidazone (NSC 164011) in children with cancer. 726 27

Primary cerebral neuroblastoma is rare. The case reported here was a 2-year-old girl who was comatose on admission to the Mito National Hospital. She had experienced headache and vomiting during the last two months. Neurological examination showed bilateral papilledema, left oculomotor palsy and bilateral Babinski's sign. A-P view of the left carotid angiogram showed square shift of the anterior cerebral artery to the right, and the lateral view showed upward and anterior displacement of the middle cerebral artery. CT revealed large mass lesion in the left parieto-temporal lobe, which was slightly enhanced on the contrast study. Subtotal removal of the tumor was performed on the day of admission. On the 15th postoperative day, she was started on radiation therapy to the brain and received 1900 rads. Vincristin and ACNU were administrated with radiation therapy. She improved progressively five weeks after the operation and CT demonstrated marked shrinkage of the tumor. However, signs of increased intracranial pressure were reappeared and she died six months after the operation. Autopsy showed well defined soft and grayish white tumor in the occipito-temporal lobe, which extended to the left thalamus and basal ganglia. No other tumor was present extracranially. Microscopic examination demonstrated Homer-Wright rosette and zonal filament. Pathological diagnosis was neuroblastoma.
 ...
PMID:[Primary cerebral neuroblastoma--case report (author's transl)]. 734 83

Two patients with neuroblastoma of the central nervous system are described. The first, a 10-month-old male infant with symptoms of vomiting and weakness of the right upper extremity, was found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to have enhanced mass lesion in the left hemisphere, vermis of the cerebellum and part of brain stem. The second, a 3-year-old boy who had swelling of the right side of the head, was found on computed tomography (CT) to have enhanced mass lesion of the frontal hemisphere and frontal bone. Histological examination of the surgical specimen of both cases demonstrated neuronal differentiation. The clinicopathological features of cerebellar neuroblastoma in comparison with metastatic neuroblastoma of the frontal lobe were discussed.
 ...
PMID:Neuroblastomas of the central nervous system--clinicopathological features of a cerebellar neuroblastoma in comparison with a metastatic cerebral neuroblastoma. 796 43

1. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of GR203040 ((2S, 3S)-2-methoxy-5-tetrazol-1-yl-benzyl-(2-phenyl-piperidin-3-y l)-amine), a novel, highly potent and selective non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, was investigated in the present study. 2. GR203040 potently inhibited [3H]-substance P binding to human NK1 receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and U373 MG astrocytoma cells, and NK1 receptors in ferret and gerbil cortex (pKi values of 10.3, 10.5, 10.1 and 10.1 respectively). GR203040 had lower affinity at rat NK1 receptors (pKi = 8.6) and little affinity for human NK2 receptors (pKi < 5.0) in CHO cells and NK3 receptors in guinea-pig cortex (pKi < 6.0). With the exception of the histamine H1 receptor (pIC50 = 7.5). GR203040 had little affinity (pIC50 < 6.0) at all non-NK1 receptors and ion channels examined. Furthermore, GR203040 produced only weak inhibition of Na+ currents in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and superior cervical ganglion cells (pIC50 values < 4.0). GR203040 produced only weak antagonism of Ca(2+)-evoked contractions of rat isolated portal vein (pKn = 4.1). The enantiomer of GR203040, GR205608 (2R, 3R)-2-methoxy-5-tetrazol-1-yl-benzyl-(2-phenyl-piperidin-3-y l)-amine), had 10,000 fold lower affinity at the human NK1 receptor expressed in CHO cells (pKi = 6.3). 3. In gerbil ex vivo binding experiments, GR203040 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the binding of [3H]-substance P to cerebral cortical membranes (ED50 = 15 micrograms kg-1 s.c. and 0.42 mg kg-1 p.o.). At 10 micrograms kg-1 s.c., the inhibition of [3H]-substance P binding was maintained for > 6 h. In the rat, GR203040 was less potent (ED50 = 15.4 mg kg-1 s.c.) probably reflecting, at least in part, its lower affinity at the rat NK1 receptor. 4. In guinea-pig isolated ileum and dog isolated middle cerebral and basilar arteries, GR203040 produced a rightward displacement of the concentration-effect curves to substance P methyl ester (SPOMe) with suppression of the maximum agonist response (apparent pKB values of 11.9, 11.2 and 11.1 respectively). 5. In anaesthetized rabbits, GR203040 antagonized reductions in carotid arterial vascular resistance evoked by SPOMe, injected via the lingual artery (DR10 (i.e. the dose producing a dose-ratio of 10) = 1.1 micrograms kg-1, i.v.). At a dose 20 fold greater than its DR10 value (i.e. 22 micrograms kg-1, i.v.), significant antagonism was evident more than 2 h after GR203040 administration. 6. In anaesthetized rats, GR203040 (3 and 10 mg kg-1, i.v.) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of plasma protein extravasation in dura mater, conjunctiva, eyelid and lip in response to electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion. 7. It is concluded that GR203040 is one of the most potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonists yet described, and as such, has considerable potential as a pharmacological tool to characterize the physiological and pathological roles of substance P and NK1 receptors. GR203040 may also have potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of conditions such as migraine, emesis and pain.
 ...
PMID:The pharmacology of GR203040, a novel, potent and selective non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist. 871 89

The interaction of S 21007 [5-(4-benzyl piperazin-1-yl)4H pyrrolo [1,2-a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrazine] with serotonin 5-HT3 receptors was investigated using biochemical, electrophysiological and functional assays. Binding studies using membranes from N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells showed that S 21007 is a selective high affinity (IC50 = 2.8 nM) 5-HT3 receptor ligand. As expected of an agonist, S 21007 stimulated the uptake of [14C]guanidinium (EC50 approximately 10 nM) in NG 108-15 cells exposed to substance P, and this effect could be prevented by the potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron. In addition, like 5-HT and other 5-HT3 receptor agonists (phenylbiguanide and 3-chloro-phenylbiguanide), S 21007 (EC50 = 27 microM) produced a rapid inward current in N1E-115 cells. The 5-HT3 receptor agonist action of S 21007 was also demonstrated in urethane-anaesthetized rats as this drug (120 micrograms/kg i.v.) triggered the Bezold-Jarisch reflex (rapid fall in heart rate), and this action could be prevented by pretreatment with the potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist zacopride. Finally, in line with its 5-HT3 receptor agonist properties, S 21007 also triggered emesis in the ferret. Evidence for 5-HT3 receptor antagonist-like properties of S 21007 was also obtained in some of these experiments since previous exposure to this compound prevented both the 5-HT-induced current in N1E-115 cells and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex elicited by an i.v. bolus of 5-HT (30 micrograms/kg) in urethane-anaesthetized rats. These data suggest that S 21007 is a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist which can exhibit antagonist-like properties either by triggering a long lasting receptor desensitization or by a partial agonist activity at 5-HT3 receptors in some tissues.
 ...
PMID:Interaction of S 21007 with 5-HT3 receptors. In vitro and in vivo characterization. 898 86

A 51-year-old man presented with headache, vomiting and exophthalmus. Neurological examination revealed anosmia, papilledema, decrease in visual acuity, and disability in ocular movement. MRI showed a huge mass which occupied the whole nasal cavity and compressed the frontal lobe upwards and the eyes laterally. CT revealed an extensive bony destruction of the frontal base and bilateral orbits. The mass was biopsied transnasally, and was histologically diagnosed as olfactory neuroblastoma. It was highly radiosensitive and disappeared with a local irradiation of 40 Gy. Three months later the patient complained of a pain radiating from the neck to the right arm. MRI demonstrated a metastasis at the vertebral body of C5. Local irradiation of 30 Gy was performed. The metastatic lesion was removed, and a bone graft taken from the iliac bone was transplanted via an anterior cervical approach. Three weeks later, however, a hard mass appeared in the right of his neck and was surgically removed. By histological examination, it was also identified as a metastatic neuroblastoma to the cervical lymph node. A week after the removal of the cervical metastatic lesion, the metastasis extended rapidly to the left cervical and the bilateral hilar lymph nodes of the lungs. Chemotherapy was performed with a total doses of 800mg of cyclophosphamide, 1.5mg of vincristine, 40mg of pirarubicin, and 80mg of cisplatin. The lesions disappeared within 7 days. However, the patient died from disseminated intravascular coagulation 10 months after the onset. Olfactory neuroblastoma is usually an intranasal neoplasm, but it rarely extends intracranially and intraorbitally as is shown in our case. Basically, olfactory neuroblastoma is a relatively slow-growing tumor though it has a tendency to develop local recurrences over long periods even after aggressive primary treatment, and accompanied with distant metastases. However, our patient showed a very short survival time. Invasive extension and multiple metastases occurred during a short period, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Combined chemotherapy at the initial treatment may be recommended in such an extensive case.
 ...
PMID:[A case of olfactory neuroblastoma with intracranial, intraorbital extension and multiple metastases]. 902 94


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>