Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This investigation evaluated the antagonist properties of (-)propranolol, (+)propranolol, metergoline and BMY 7378 on the known effect of 8-OH-DPAT (DPAT) to decrease motion sickness in cats. (-)Propranolol produced a greater decrease in the antiemetic effect of DPAT than did (+)propranolol. Although metergoline produced a decrease in the antiemetic effect of DPAT, the decrease could not be clearly attributed to interactions with 5-HT1A receptors because metergoline alone slightly enhanced motion sickness. Depletion of 5-HT with PCPA produced a weaker, nonsignificant enhancement of motion sickness, while mesulergine had no effect. As neither nonspecific 5-HT receptor blockade with metergoline nor depletion of 5-HT mimicked the antiemetic effect of DPAT, it was concluded that DPAT acts on postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors to prevent emesis. BMY 7378 alone decreased the incidence of motion sickness. A dose just below this agonist range did not decrease the effects of DPAT.
 ...
PMID:Effects of serotonin antagonists on motion sickness and its suppression by 8-OH-DPAT in cats. 215 Apr 42

Three major areas of medicine are identified in which there is a need for new antiemetic drugs. These are the nausea and vomiting arising from gastrointestinal motility disturbances (functional dyspepsia, diabetic neuropathy, classical migraine), the sickness evoked by abnormal motion, and the severe emesis experienced by cancer patients as a result of certain cytotoxic therapies. For gastrointestinal-related nausea, selective stimulants of gut motility are suggested to form the basis for a new type of antiemetic therapy. In motion sickness, there has been progress in the understanding of the illness, but little advance in the development of new drugs that selectively prevent this type of sickness. In cancer chemo- and radio-therapy, the discovery that selective 5-HT3 (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) receptor antagonists can prevent severe cytotoxic-evoked emesis now promises to radically change the type of antiemetic therapy given to these patients. This type of antiemetic compound and the pharmacology of the new 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are, therefore, discussed in detail.
 ...
PMID:New antiemetic drugs. 217 55

Space Motion Sickness (SMS) is the malady which frequently occurs shortly after attainment of sustained exposure to hypogravity. It is characterised by a variety of symptoms, which may proceed to nausea and eventually vomiting. Natural adaptation usually occurs if exposure to hypogravity is maintained. The condition appears to be the manifestation of motion sickness that is specific to hypogravity. It is associated with otolith-canal and otolith-eye conflict. SMS may have operational significance in impairing the performance of spacecraft crews. The condition is likely to be amenable to treatment with anti-motion sickness drugs. It may be possible to reduce any operational effects of SMS by suitable crew selection and training procedures.
 ...
PMID:Space motion sickness. 219 5

One hundred and eighty-two women undergoing dilatation and curettage were allocated randomly to receive premedication comprising temazepam, papaveretum-hyoscine or placebo. The temazepam recipients reported significantly fewer episodes of postoperative nausea. Movement was blamed by 66% of patients who identified a cause for nausea. These patients had higher scores on a motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire and were more likely to have been treated previously for nausea or vomiting. It may be possible to identify susceptible patients before surgery.
 ...
PMID:Anaesthesia, movement and emesis. 219 9

Levo-sulpiride is a substituted benzamide with antiemetic activity 3-8 times more potent than the racemic form and the d-isomer. Its mode of action is partially central (inhibition of dopaminergic receptors at the trigger zone for vomiting) and partially peripheral (normalization of motor activity of stomach and gall-bladder). The drug was found effective in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced and post-operative vomiting as well as in the treatment of nausea and vomiting during hepatic, biliary and gastroduodenal disorders, organic and functional dyspepsia, motion sickness and vertigo. Levo-sulpiride is at least as effective as domperidone, antihistamines and neuroleptic agents. Compared with the latter drugs and with d-sulpiride and the racemus, l-sulpiride is much better tolerated. Drowsiness is reported only at high doses, and no clinical signs of hyperprolactinaemia are observed, even after prolonged treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Antiemetic properties of levo-sulpiride]. 228 Aug 76

Effects of various types of motion stimuli were compared to investigate optimum method to elicit motion sickness and adaptation in Suncus murinus (suncus). Three different direction of shaking in the horizontal plane, back and forth, right and left and revolving, induced emetic response to the similar extent. However, vertical shaking was far less effective in inducing motion sickness. Mild and severe horizontal shaking (15 min per day) was continued for 14 days and emetic response to standard motion stimulus was compared before and after the training. The severe daily acceleration strongly depressed the susceptibility to motion stimulus. The mild acceleration which was not emetic stimulus in itself also remarkably attenuated the vomiting response to standard motion stimulus. These results indicate that 1) the emetic responsiveness of the suncus does not depend on the modes of shaking as long as the direction is in the horizontal plane, 2) the suncus is relatively refractory to the vertical linear acceleration and 3) the adaptation to motion stimulus does not develop on the latest peripheral steps of the vomiting reflex pathways.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of various motion stimuli on motion sickness and acquisition of adaptation in Suncus Murinus. 230 99

The relationship between vomiting and conditioned taste aversion was studied in intact cats and squirrel monkeys and in cats and squirrel monkeys in which the area postrema was ablated by thermal cautery. In cats conditioned 7-12 months after ablation of the area postrema, three successive treatments with xylazine failed to produce either vomiting or conditioned taste aversion to a novel fluid. Intact cats, however, vomited and formed a conditioned aversion. In squirrel monkeys conditioned 6 months after ablation of the area postrema, three treatments with lithium chloride failed to produce conditioned taste aversion. Intact monkeys did condition with these treatments. Neither intact nor ablated monkeys vomited or evidenced other signs of illness when injected with lithium chloride. When the same ablated cats and monkeys were exposed to a form of motion that produced vomiting prior to surgery, conditioned taste aversion was produced and some animals vomited. These findings confirm other studies indicating motion can produce vomiting in animals with the area postrema destroyed and demonstrate that motion-induced conditioned taste aversion can be produced after ablation of the area postrema. The utility of conditioned taste aversion as a measure of subemetic motion sickness is discussed by examining agreement and disagreement between identifications of motion sickness by conditioned taste aversion and vomiting. It is suggested that a convincing demonstration of the utility of conditioned taste aversion as a measure of nausea requires the identification of physiological correlates of nausea, and caution should be exercised when attempting to interpret conditioned taste aversion as a measure of nausea.
 ...
PMID:Conditioned taste aversion and motion sickness in cats and squirrel monkeys. 231 Oct 4

Six female cats, varying in susceptibility to motion sickness, were implanted with chronic cannulae in the rostral portion of the fourth ventricle. The cats were then challenged with a motion sickness-inducing stimulus. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid were withdrawn before and after emesis or 30 min of motion if emesis did not occur and again on control (no motion) days. The samples were analyzed by HPLC with an array of 16 coulometric detectors. Thirty-six compounds were identified in the samples. Baseline levels of DOPAC, MHPGSO4, uric acid, DA, 5-HIAA and HVA were lower on motion and control days in cats which became motion sick when compared with cats which did not become motion sick. None of the identified compounds varied as a function of either exposure to motion or provocation of emesis. It is concluded that susceptibility to motion sickness is a manifestation of individual differences related to fundamental neurochemical composition.
 ...
PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid constituents of cat vary with susceptibility to motion sickness. 246 25

1. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, GR 38032F, which possesses potent anti-emetic properties in vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, has been tested to determine its value in the prophylaxis of motion sickness induced by cross-coupled stimulation. The double-blind trial compared GR 38032F with both a placebo (lactose) and with hyoscine. In addition, studies of ocular pursuit and saccadic eye movements were carried out following the administration of each drug. 2. The prophylactic effect of GR 38032F on motion-induced nausea was indistinguishable from that of placebo, whereas following hyoscine subjects showed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in tolerance to cross-coupled stimulation. Tests of oculomotor function showed no effect on saccadic eye movement from either drug. However, both drugs produced a significant (P less than 0.05) though small reduction in eye velocity gain during pursuit eye movement. 3. These findings suggest that the 5-HT3 receptor is not involved in the neural pathways that bring about motion sickness, but that it may have a role in the control of ocular pursuit. The absence of an anti-motion sickness effect from a drug that is effective in the treatment of vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy serves to emphasize that different neural mechanisms are involved in the generation of motion sickness.
 ...
PMID:The effect on motion sickness and oculomotor function of GR 38032F, a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist with anti-emetic properties. 252 20

Vomiting was suppressed in cats pretreated with 8-OH-DPAT and then challenged with an emetic stimulus; motion, xylazine or cisplatin. The antiemetic effect is likely due to stimulation of postsynaptic serotonin-1A receptors. The most parsimonious explanation is that it acts at a convergent structure, presumably at or near the vomiting center. If so, 8-OH-DPAT may block emesis elicited by virtually any other stimulus. A supplementary experiment revealed that lorazepam suppressed motion sickness at a dose that produced ataxia, but did not suppress xylazine-induced emesis. These results do not support the possibility that the antiemetic effects of 8-OH-DPAT were the result of anxiolytic activity.
 ...
PMID:8-OH-DPAT suppresses vomiting in the cat elicited by motion, cisplatin or xylazine. 253 22


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>