Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Drug-induced acid-base disorders may be classified into four categories with respect to the mechanism. 1. Metabolic acidosis is induced by a large acid loads incurred from exogenous sources (e.g. NH4Cl, or toxin ingestion) or endogenous acid production (e.g. generation of ketoacids or lactic acids by alcohol or phenformin) or base loss (e.g. abuse of laxatives). 2. Metabolic alkalosis results from exogenous bicarbonate loads (e.g. milk-alkali syndrome) or effective extracellular fluid contraction, potassium depletion plus hyperaldosteronism (e.g. vomiting, diuretics, or licorice). 3. Renal tubular acidosis is induced by the drugs which mainly impair proximal and/or distal tubules (e.g. vitamin D, NSAID, acetazolamide or amphotericin B). 4. Respiratory acidosis or alkalosis results from drug-induced respiratory center depression or neuromuscular impairment (e.g. anesthetic, sedative overdosage or curare) or hyperventilation (salicylates, paraldehyde, epinephrine, or nicotine).
 ...
PMID:[Drug-induced acid-base disorders]. 143 17

Milk-alkali syndrome is characterized by progressive hypercalcemia, systemic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency. After calcium carbonate is ingested with diary products, hypercalcemia and alkalosis may develop in susceptible persons, particularly those with underlying renal insufficiency. We describe a young woman who neither drank milk nor had peptic ulcer disease, yet who ingested enough calcium carbonate to require admission to an intensive care unit for acute renal failure. Chronically bulimic, she was taking Rolaids (Warner-Lambert Co, Morris Plains, NJ), which contained calcium carbonate, and was eating yogurt daily to prevent osteoporosis. We discuss the characteristics and complex metabolic interactions of the milk-alkali syndrome, a critical but generally reversible electrolyte disorder. Early recognition of coincident hypercalcemia and alkalosis and prompt cessation of calcium carbonate ingestion are essential for successful recovery. Finally, we suggest that nephrologists should discourage patients with renal insufficiency and chronic vomiting from consuming calcium-containing antacids and excessive dietary calcium.
 ...
PMID:Rolaids-yogurt syndrome: a 1990s version of milk-alkali syndrome. 865 5

Milk-alkali syndrome is a rare cause of hypercalcemia characterized by the triad of hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and metabolic alkalosis that results from the overconsumption of calcium containing products. In the setting of pregnancy where there is a physiologic increase in calcium absorption, milk-alkali syndrome can be potentially life threatening. We report a case of a 26-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy who presented with 2 weeks of flank pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, and lightheadedness. The history revealed consumption of a large quantity of milk, calcium carbonate antacid, and calcium-containing prenatal vitamins. Her symptoms and hypercalcemia resolved with intravenous fluids and a loop diuretic. With the increased use of calcium carbonate for peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and osteoporosis, milk-alkali syndrome has experienced a resurgence and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. In this clinical vignette we review the literature on milk-alkali syndrome in pregnancy and discuss important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations when managing the pregnant patient with hypercalcemia.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia in pregnancy: a case of milk-alkali syndrome. 2134 76

A 59-year-old lady presented with vomiting and diarrhoea. She was found to have severe hypercalcaemia (5.2 mmol/l) and to be in renal failure. She had a high daily intake of calcium carbonate in the form of Rennies Dual Action, raising the possibility of milk-alkali syndrome. She had ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms after resolution of hypercalcaemia. Further investigation revealed, previously undiagnosed rectal Crohn's disease. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) level was markedly elevated. It is possible that the calcitriol from Crohn's disease tissue facilitated excessive absorption of calcium from the antacid preparation, thus triggering hypercalcaemia.
 ...
PMID:Rennies, Crohn's disease and severe hypercalcaemia. 2280 72

Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS), characterized by renal failure, metabolic alkalosis and hypercalcemia, is a severe and life-threatening complication of the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. The clinical course is often sudden and is not preceded by any prodromal symptoms. Occurrence does not depend on the duration of hypoparathyroidism treatment, although it is closely related to the applied therapy, especially the dose of calcium carbonate and active vitamin D preparations. Drugs influencing the glomerular filtration rate (angiotensin receptor blockers, sartans, aldosterone receptor antagonists, thiazide diuretics), lack of adequate routine control, changing the calcium carbonate supplementation, dehydration, a diet rich in pH-basic foods (i.e. vegetarian diet), pregnancy and other associated conditions are listed among the factors triggering MAS. A higher calcium carbonate dose is directly associated with an increased risk of milk-alkali syndrome. In case of a high calcium demand it is necessary to control renal function and monitor the level of calcium in the serum more frequently, aiming for the lower end of the reference range. If MAS has been confirmed or if there are alarming neurological symptoms suggestive of hypercalcemia, the patient must be sent to the hospital immediately. Treatment of MAS involves: discontinuation of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and intravenous infusion of normal saline solution to eliminate volume deficiencies and to achieve forced diuresis while maintaining proper fluid balance. As soon as there is improvement in the patient's clinical condition, it is necessary to begin the treatment of comorbidities increasing the risk of renal failure or alkalosis (i.e. vomiting, diarrhea).
 ...
PMID:Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) as a complication of the treatment of hypoparathyroidism - a case study. 2944 51