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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Brain tumors are, after leukemias, the most frequent fatal neoplasms of infancy. The clinical features and symptoms are often markedly different from those observed in the adult forms, according to the peculiar anatomy and behaviour of the child. Persistent headache, vomiting, astenia , behavioral alterations may be the precocious findings. Later, some more specific and suggestive signs such as strabismus, dyplopia , fast head size increase, funduscopic alterations, ataxia, paresis and nystagmus may be observed. On their appearance a prompt diagnostic work-up should be performed. The tumors of the posterior fossa (cerebellar astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, brainstem glyoma , hependimoma in decreasing order of frequency) generally cause precocious symptoms because of the small dimension of the subtentorial space; the presence in this region of several fundamental nuclei and pathways may explain how also small tumors may cause severe deficits. Supratentorial tumors (astrocytoma, malignant glyoma , hependimoma , craniofaringioma ) often show a more prolonged latency and may begin with signs of endocranial hypertension, seizures, or sometimes with hormonal troubles according to the involved anatomic structures. Hypothalamic astrocytoma is responsible of an extreme weight loss as far as to a cachetic status, due to the hyperincretion of GH. Finally, plexus papilloma, dermoid, optic nerve glyoma , oligodendroglyoma , germinoma, teratoma are responsible of a small number of child brain tumors, with different localization and symptomatology.
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PMID:[Clinical course of brain tumors in childhood]. 673 95

Neonatal brain tumor is rare, but is so important a disease when considering the pathogenesis of the brain tumor that numerous review articles have been described. Today, the availability of noninvasive imaging procedures such as CT and MRI make it easy to diagnose, and some successful operative cases have been reported. We report three cases of neonatal brain tumors presented clinically within the first 2 weeks. Case 1: A full term boy admitted with projectile vomiting, enlarged head and left peripheral type facial palsy at the age of 12 days. CT scan revealed a large heterogeneous mixed-density mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Partially removed surgical specimen consisted of primitive glial cells differentiating with the ependymal cell immunohistochemically and electron microscopically, and diagnosed as ependymoblastoma. He had whole brain irradiation postoperatively, but died from respiratory distress 7 months later without tumor regrowth indicated on CT. Case 2: A full term boy admitted with progressive enlarging of the head at the age of 10 days. CT scan revealed a high-density mass in the cerebellar vermis and an obstructive hydrocephalus. Partially removed surgical specimen, diagnosed as medulloblastoma. He was irradiated throughout the whole brain and spinal cord, but died from intracranial dissemination 5 months later. Case 3: A 32-year-old female multipara was diagnosed as hydramnion during 28 weeks gestation. The concentration of AFP was very high in the amniotic fluid. A premature female fetus, weighing 1,650 g, was delivered by cesarean section for premature separation of the placenta during an estimated 30 weeks gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Neonatal brain tumor, a report of three cases]. 816 55

The authors report a case of 6-month-old boy with cerebellar medulloblastoma associated with malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, presenting with an abdominal mass, large head and projectile vomiting. Following removal of the renal tumor, the mass arising from the superior vermis about 6 cm in diameter was removed by a combined right occipital transtentorial and suboccipital approach. The patient had been well for 3 months after surgery followed by chemotherapy but died eventually of tumor recurrence in the abdomen. Reported cases of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney associated with brain tumor are reviewed and its characteristics are discussed.
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PMID:Medulloblastoma associated with malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney: case report. 822 Jul 86

We report the clinical, epidemiological and pathological findings of 28 patients with medulloblastoma: 22 were male; age ranged from 1 to 50 years, with a mean of 15 years. The most frequent symptoms and signs were headache (64%) and vomiting (64%). Only one patient showed a desmoplastic medulloblastoma variant, the others showed classical medulloblastomas. Regarding treatment, most patients were submitted to total resection (n=10) or partial tumorectomy (n=7). A low rate of tumoral recurrence was observed, occurring in 21% of the patients (n=6) after 4 years of follow-up. Chemotherapy seemed to contribute to a lower recurrence rate amongst our patients. Our findings are similar to those reported in literature, thus helping to understand the biological behavior of this type of tumor.
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PMID:[Medulloblastomas: clinical, epidemiological and pathological findings in 28 cases]. 1077 Aug 70

The incidence, survival patterns, and presenting symptoms of children with medulloblastoma were studied. Data were ascertained from the Manchester Tumour Registry which is population-based and has collected data on all childhood malignancies in northwest England since 1954. Incidence rates standardized to the European standard population were calculated and Poisson regression models were used to examine temporal changes in the incidence rates during the period 1954 to 1997. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were derived and used to study changes in survival patterns. World-standardized incidence rates were 5.5 per million child years in males and 3.4 per million child years in females. Incidence rates increased from the 1950s to the 1980s but have declined recently. The 5-year survival rate has improved from 29 to 58% with similar rates for males and females. The 1-year survival rate has also improved, but females had worse survival at this point (58%) than males (75%). The type of symptom or sign at presentation is strongly affected by age, with 10 of the 22 recorded symptoms or signs showing significant age differences. The older the child is, the more likely is the presentation to show pressure features of headache, vomiting, and ophthalmic signs. Younger children present with non-specific features such as lethargy, behavioural disturbance, or increasing head size. Ataxia is seen in about 75% of children across the age range.
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PMID:Childhood medulloblastoma in northwest England 1954 to 1997: incidence and survival. 1272 44

Differences in the imaging characteristic of adult medulloblastomas have been reported, including involvement of lateral cerebellar hemispheres with an extra-axial appearance. We present a case report of this rare circumstance: a 40 year old man presented with a 3 weeks history of headache, morning vomiting and left hearing difficulties. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor, like a well circumscribed homogeneously enhancing mass. Through a left suboccipital craniectomy the tumor was totally removed. It presented as a cerebellopontine angle tumor, like a meningioma, and not as an intra-axial tumor. Histological analysis revealed that the tumor was composed of densely packed with highly proliferative cells that produce a dense intercellular reticulin fiber network. Inmunohistochemical analysis showed positive expression to synaptophysin, specific neuronal enolase and cromogranin. Histological diagnosis was crucial to define it as a desmoplastic medulloblastoma the present case and to perform postoperative adjuvant therapy. Neurosurgeons should be aware of the possibility that a CPA tumor is of intraaxial origin, because this increase the variability on pathological diagnosis.
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PMID:[Medulloblastoma presenting as an extra-axial tumor in the cerebellopontine angle]. 1523 15

Medulloblastoma is a malignant invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with preferential manifestation in children. The peak of occurrence is seven years of age. Seventy percent of medulloblastomas occur in individuals younger than 16. In adulthood, 80% of medulloblastomas arise in the 21-40 years age group. A 48-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with complains of headache, ataxia, morning vomiting and difficulty in speech was operated with the diagnosis of presence of mass of 4 x 7 cm size retaining a diffuse homogenous contrast in the posterior fossa. The diagnosis of desmoplastic medulloblastoma was given after histopathological examination. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that neoplastic cells showed staining with neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin but not with glial fibrillary acidic protein. This lesion showed nodular, reticulin free-zones (pale islands) surrounded by densely packed, highly proliferative cells. The pale regions within the tumor did not contain reticulin fibers. Desmoplastic medulloblastoma is encountered especially in adulthood. This type of tumor rarely occurs beyond the fifth decade of life. We present a case of desmoplastic medulloblastoma in a 48-year-old male.
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PMID:Desmoplastic medulloblastoma in a 48-year-old male. 1557 57

A 6-year-old boy presented with headache and vomiting. Brain and spinal MRI demonstrated a large mass in the cerebellar vermis and 4th ventricle and showed thick spinal subarachnoid dissemination. Suboccipital craniotomy was performed and the tumor was totally removed. The histological diagnosis was medulloblastoma. The patient subsequently received craniospinal irradiation, and also received systemic and intrathecal perfusion chemotherapy. Then complete remission was achieved 10 months after operation. Three years later, however, a swelling at the left mandibular angle appeared. A CT scan revealed osteosclerotic lesion. After biopsy was performed, the specimen was detected infiltration of medulloblastoma cells. Bone scintigram showed a single lesion and MRI of brain and spinal cord revealed no recurrence of the central nervous system lesions. He underwent local irradiation and systemic chemotherapy with ICE regimen. This is the rare case of extracranial metastasis following remission of medulloblastoma in childhood.
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PMID:[Medulloblastoma with mandibular metastasis after complete remission of the central nervous system lesions]. 1578 98

Radiation induced meningiomas (RIM) are rare late complications in patients who have received high dose irradiation for brain tumors. The mean latency period for induction of RIM in most of the series is 18.7+/-10.2 years. There are only 9 reported cases of RIM following high dose cranial irradiation with unusually short latency periods of less than 5 years. Herein, we report a child diagnosed with RIM with an unusually short latency period of 14 months. An 11-year old male child underwent gross total resection of medulloblastoma. Following surgery he received high dose craniospinal irradiation. Postoperative computed tomography scan (CT scan) after 1 month did not show features of any residual tumor, recurrence or tumor at a new site. The child was asymptomatic for 14 months and then presented with complaints of headache and vomiting. CT scan head showed multiple solid homogenously enhancing lesions in bilateral basifrontal and right basitemporal region. Histopathology of the lesions turned out to be atypical meningioma.
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PMID:Radiation induced meningioma with a short latent period following high dose cranial irradiation - case report and literature review. 1629 89

The Children's Analgesic Medicine Project (CAMP) was a multicenter, all-comers, openlabel, prospective study to compare the safety of ibuprofen suspension with acetaminophen suspension in children with fever and/or pain. Four hundred and twenty four (424) pediatricians enrolled 41 810 children (aged 1 month to 18 years old) at 69 US clinics. Safety data included information concerning medication use and adverse events (AEs) summarized by severity and analyzed by age groups (younger and older than 2 years). Among 30 144 children who took at least one dose of ibuprofen or acetaminophen, 14 281 were younger (< 2 yrs) and 15 863 were older ([Symbol: see text] 2 to < 12 yrs). Within both age groups, the incidence rates for specific AEs, including abdominal pain, insomnia, and hyperkinesia were rare and generally < 1% for both treatments. For younger children, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, rhinitis, rash and otitis media were the only AEs with an incidence rate > 1% (in either treatment group). For older children, the only AEs with an incidence rate > 1% in either group were rhinitis, pharyngitis and otitis media. AEs were generally mild to moderate for both treatments within the two age groups. There were no serious AEs, including anaphylaxis, Reye's syndrome, renal failure, GI bleeding/perforation or necrotizing fasciitis. There was a slightly higher overall incidence of side effects in the ibuprofen group (17.6% vs. 15.0%) for the younger children; and similar results were seen in the older children (11.9% vs. 10.7%). This may have been due to the preference of physicians to treat the sicker children with ibuprofen. There were four deaths, all unrelated to study medication, all occurring in children < 2 yrs (herpes encephalitis, sepsis due to 5. pneumoniae, medulloblastoma, and sudden infant death syndrome). The safety of ibuprofen suspension in children < 2 yrs was demonstrated in this study. The safety profile in children < 2 yrs is consistent with the excellent profile observed in children [Symbol: see text] 2 yrs. Overall, ibuprofen exhibited an AE profile similar to acetaminophen in both younger and older children.
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PMID:Safety profile of ibuprofen suspension in young children. 1763 93


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