Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A community-based malaria control programme was initiated in Saradidi, Kenya. One factor determining the utilization of treatment would be the symptoms felt to be diagnostic of malaria. The 12 most common diseases and 29 most common symptoms were identified by community members. Thirty-six randomly selected women were interviewed to determine association of the common diseases and symptoms; nine women were aged 15 to 29 years, nine women were 30 to 40 years, nine were 45 to 59 years and nine were 60 years or more. Women 60 years and older recognized a higher proportion of the diseases (P less than 0.0005) when compared with the other women of other ages. More than 90% of the women associated headache, fever, vomiting, joint pain, loss of appetite, tiredness and death with malaria. Measles and influenza were distinguished from malaria by rash and mouth ulcer for measles and by 'runny nose' and 'sneezing' for influenza. Analysis by average linkage hierarchical clusters revealed that malaria, influenza and measles were distinguished readily. The results suggest that if people in Saradidi do not obtain treatment from community health workers, it is not because they do not recognize the clinical symptoms of malaria.
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PMID:Symptoms associated with common diseases in Saradidi, Kenya. 368 33

In five patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), human leukocyte interferon (IFN) therapy was tried. IFN was administered intramuscularly, intravenously, and intrathecally. The total dose of administered IFN ranged from 13 X 10(6) to 116.92 X 10(6) IU. There were no severe side effects except for temporary high fever and vomiting. Observation of the clinical course were made for 26-60 months. At the beginning of the treatment, one of the patients was at the first stage of Jabbour's classification and the other four at the second stage. No clinical improvement was observed and the clinical course was progressive in all patients. At present, one of the patients was at the second stage and the other four were at the fourth stage. EEGs showed progressive deterioration, and cranial CT scan demonstrated progressive cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Measles antibody titers in the serum and CSF also unchanged. On the other hand, permeability of IFN at blood-brain barrier (BBB) was relatively good.
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PMID:Treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with human leukocyte interferon. 404 69

This paper presents preliminary findings about morbidity observed in a prospective epidemiological study in a village community near Khartoum during 1977-1979. A total of 293 under-five children in 310 households were followed up for two years. Each household was visited twice monthly and information of the disease pattern was collected. Cough, fever and diarrhoea were found to be the commonest cause of morbidity. The average incidence being 296, 292 and 217 episodes respectively per 100 children per year. Vomiting, skin disease and conjunctivitis occurred at a much lower rate. Measles was observed in 14% of children under one year of age. The incidence of whooping cough was low an no outbreak occurred during the two years of observation. The seasonality of various diseases, their severity and age distribution is discussed and compared over the two year period.
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PMID:Morbidity patterns among under-five children in a rural community in Sudan. 724 43

Three children had an immediate reaction following live attenuated measles vaccine (Rimevax). This reaction consisted of vomiting, fever and a rash, and in two cases cyanosis. In each case the reaction commenced within 30 minutes of vaccination. Parents should be warned of the possibility of an immediate reaction after measles vaccination, and asked to notify their doctor if any occurs.
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PMID:Immediate reactions following live attenuated measles vaccine. 730 Jul 75

The effect of consanguinity on fertility, reproductive loss, and development disorders were studied in South India. The population investigated included 377 unselected mothers who, along with their children, were followed up longitudinally. Each mother was interviewed regarding consanguinity, details of reproductive performance, and death of any offspring. Marriages were classified as unrelated or between uncle and niece, between first cousins, between first cousins once removed, between second cousins, between second cousins once removed, and between third cousins. Among the 377 marriages, 156 (41.4%) were consanguineous and 221 (58.6%) were nonconsanguineous. Consanguinity was more prevalent among Hindus than among Muslims or Christians. The mean and standard deviation in the age of women were similar in all age categories at the time of the study, but the numbers of pregnancies and live births were higher in consanguineous than in nonconsanguineous unions. The mean number of living children were not significantly different in the 2 groups. Although the intrauterine wastage showed no significant difference between the 2 groups, extrauterine loss of life, especially the death rate of children, was higher in the consanguineous marriages. The causes of death in the nonconsanguineous group were diptheria, tuberculosis meningitis, acute nephritis, convulsive disorder, and brain abscess. The causes of death in the consanguineous group were measles with complications, gastroenteritis, pyogenic meningitis, whooping cough, convulsive disorder, undiagnosed fever, burns, and undiagnosed illness with persistent vomiting. In regard to developmental anomalies, in only 1 instance was the condition unequivocally due to autosomal recessive inheritance. In the majority of the remaining cases the disorders were polygenic or multifactorial in origin. The frequency of developmental anomalies was significantly more frequent among the children of consanguineous parents.
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PMID:Reproductive wastage and developmental disorders in relation to consanguinity in south India. 731 41

During an outbreak of measles in the period from May 1993 through February 1994, a 23-year-old woman with measles was admitted because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Moderately elevated levels of serum and urinary amylase were found. We investigated prospectively the next nine consecutive young adults hospitalized with severe measles. Pancreatic and other organ involvement was determined by serum and urinary amylase, serum lipase, and additional appropriate biochemical and hematological data. Four patients had elevated amylase levels in both serum and urine, whereas in one, serum amylase alone was increased. Serum lipase determined in eight patients was elevated in seven. In all patients elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase were found. In seven patients serum calcium concentrations were below the lower limit of normal. Four patients had mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. This is the first detailed report of pancreatic involvement in young adults with measles. This abnormal finding, its possible underlying mechanisms, and the clinical significance are discussed.
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PMID:Pancreatic enzyme elevation in measles. 753 76

A total of 122 infants and children up to age 17 (69 males and 53 females) who were referred for food allergy to the Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit were evaluated by complete history, emphasizing the implicated foods, clinical presentation and involvement of various organ systems, physical examination, and prick skin tests to food allergens. Fourteen infants with a history of egg white allergy and positive skin tests to egg white also underwent skin tests (prick and intradermal in 1:100 dilution) to measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine; 35 children under 3 years old had 41 oral challenges with the suspected foods; and 9 children over 3 years old had 12 oral challenges with the suspected foods. We found that cow milk/humanized milk formula, egg white, soybean, and peanut are the main allergenic foods in the pediatric population. Thirteen children had 13 positive oral challenges: 12 to cow milk/humanized milk formula and one to egg white. Symptoms reproduced by oral challenges included urticarial and erythematous rash, conjunctival itching, angioedema, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and rhinorrhea. No anaphylactic shock was reported. Negative skin test has an excellent predictive accuracy for negative oral challenge with the suspected food in children > 3 years old. The negative predictive accuracy of cow milk skin test in children < 3 years was 73%. Positive skin test is not a good predictor of a clinical reaction to food. Oral food challenge performed cautiously in a medical setting is the "gold standard" for diagnosis. MMR vaccine can be safely administered to infants with egg white allergy after skin tests with the vaccine are performed.
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PMID:Food allergy in infants and children: clinical evaluation and management. 800 79

Awareness regarding different aspects of prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases among parents in rural and urban areas of Patna district were studied. Survey was done in 245 households from 30 villages of Bihta block and about 275 households from 30 different mohallas of Patna town. All aspects were poorly known to the rural community, particularly the illiterates and a large segment of literates of Bihta block. Rural people were significantly less aware than their urban counterparts regarding value of prolonged breast feeding, spoon feeding rather than bottle feeding, using hand pump and tap water for drinking and using latrine for nightsoil disposal in preventing diarrhea. Utility of measles immunization in prevention of diarrhea was unknown to the community. Generally parents thought antidiarrheal drugs a must for treatment. Knowledge regarding ORS and its use in diarrhea and vomiting was very poor and significant difference (p < 0.001) in awareness was observed between educated and illiterates. Majority parents did not know the correct method of preparation and uses of ORS and SSS. Due to high literacy rate and health consciousness, the educated and majority of literate parents of Patna town were better aware, more factual and had rational view regarding causes, method of prevention, fundamentals of use of ORS and home management of diarrhea in children, although certain aspects are yet to be cleared to them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Awareness of diarrheal disease control in rural and urban areas of Bihar. 807 33

A patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was treated with an intraventricular alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) through an Ommaya reservoir. A 17-year-old boy, who had a history of measles exposure at age 1, showed forgetfulness, difficulties in calculation, reading and writing. Two months later he developed generalized convulsions and myoclonic spasms. He was admitted to the National Saigata Hospital in May 20, 1992. On admission, anti-measles antibody titer in the CSF was 1:16 by complement-fixation method. His EEG revealed a periodic synchronous discharge. Therefore, the diagnosis of SSPE was confirmed. An Ommaya reservoir was implanted on July 7, 1992, and an intraventricular administration of INF-alpha was begun after two weeks. The dose of INF-alpha was gradually increased from 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 to 2.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 twice a week. Fever, vomiting and anorexia were developed when the INF-alpha injection was first started. When he received a total dose of 8.0 x 10(6) IU, he became bed ridden for remarkable lethargy. The lethargy was continued for about 10 days despite the therapy was interrupted, and then he gradually became alert. The frequency of myoclonus became more frequent and mentality got worse, so the treatment with INF-alpha was tried again in decreasing the dose to 1.0 x 10(6) IU/m2 twice a week. However, be became drowsy again after he received a total of 7.5 x 10(6) IU. With intramuscular or intravenous administrations of the high doses of INF-alpha (> or = 1.0 x 10(7) IU), significant neurological abnormalities were reported to occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis treated with intraventricular interferon--the side effects of interferon-alpha to the central nervous system]. 815 18

The largest nationwide active surveillance of four Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccines was conducted in Japan. A total of 1255 pediatricians actively participated in the study, which comprised 8.6% of all members of the Japanese Pediatric Society. The total number of registered recipients of MMR vaccines was 38 203. They were arbitrarily given one of the MMR vaccines produced by three makers (Takeda, Osaka city, Kitasato Minato-ku. Tokyo and Biken Suita city, Japan) or the standard MMR vaccine made of designated strains (Kitasato's measles-AIK-C, Biken's mumps-Urabe Am9 and Takeda's rubella-To336) produced by Takeda, Kitasato and Biken and were observed for 35 days. The rates of virologically confirmed aseptic meningitis per 10,000 recipients were 16.6, 11.6, 3.2 and 0 for the standard MMR, Takeda MMR, Kitasato MMR and Biken MMR vaccines, respectively. The incidence of convulsions between 15 and 35 days was the highest with the standard MMR vaccine and the incidence of fever associated with vomiting occurring between 15 and 35 days (symptoms relevant to aseptic meningitis) were also the highest with the standard MMR vaccine. The incidence of parotid swelling was the lowest with Takeda MMR vaccine. This surveillance revealed that incidences of aseptic meningitis after administration of the standard MMR vaccine and of Biken MMR vaccine were different. This posed questions about the manufacturing consistency of the Urabe Am9 mumps virus vaccines. On the other hand, the National Institute of Health found that the biological characteristics of the Urabe Am9 mumps virus contained in the standard MMR vaccine and in the Biken MMR vaccine were different. The Biken Company reported that the mumps vaccine in the standard MMR vaccine was a mixture of two Urabe Am9 mumps vaccine bulks; one identical to that contained in the Biken MMR vaccine and the other produced by a different manufacturing process.
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PMID:Adverse events associated with MMR vaccines in Japan. 874 7


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