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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mechanical gastritis is confirmed as one of the causes of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which is created directly by retching and vomiting in a patient with an esophageal hiatal hernia. Five cases of mechanical gastritis are reported in this paper. The clinical presentation of mechanical gastritis and the Mallory-Weiss syndrome may mimic each other. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed the gastric mucosa to be propelled into the esophagus during nausea. This mucosa showed erosions and superficial ulcerations. The mucosa appeared 'congested' at and just below the cardia. It is suggested that the friction and compression of the gastric mucosa prolapsing through a constriction ring of the diaphragm into the hiatal hernia during retching and vomiting may cause mechanical trauma to the gastric mucosa, resulting in gastritis, erosions, and hemorrhage.
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PMID:Mechanical gastritis as cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 832 27

Mallory-Weiss syndrome is one of the cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which an abrupt rise in abdominal pressure due to nausea or vomiting induces a tear near the esophagogastric mucosal junction. Mallory-Weiss syndrome represents about 3-15% of all cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Mallory-Weiss tear is mainly located on the cardia part of the stomach side and spanning across the esophagogastric mucosal junction, only in esophageal side is rarely seen. Hemorrhage frequently ceases spontaneously. When endoscopic findings reveal persistent hemorrhage, endoscopic hemostatic technique using heater probe thermocoagulation or hemoclipping is necessary. After endoscopic hemostasis, fasting and inhibitors of acid secretion (H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors) are recommended.
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PMID:[Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. 978 Jul 15

Esophageal perforations, Mallory-Weiss tears, and esophageal hematoma involve traumatic injury to the esophagus. These can be iatrogenic, in particular due to esophageal instrumentation, but can also occur spontaneously. The remarkable increase in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy as well as esophageal surgery has made instrumentation the most common cause of esophageal perforation. In many instances, spontaneous perforations are associated with retching and vomiting, which causes a sudden increase in intraesophageal pressure. A high index of suspicion leading to rapid diagnosis and appropriate therapy are needed to optimize clinical outcomes. This article focuses on esophageal perforations, Mallory-Weiss tears, and esophageal hematomas, with emphasis on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention.
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PMID:The spectrum of spontaneous and iatrogenic esophageal injury: perforations, Mallory-Weiss tears, and hematomas. 1059 32

Tears of the oesophageal wall following sudden forceful vomiting are well documented in literature. In Boerhaave's syndrome there is transmural rupture associated with complications including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, surgical emphysema and shock. In Mallory-Weiss syndrome mucosal tears are associated with haematemesis and shock. In neither of these conditions has intraluminal obstruction been described as an aetiological factor. We present a case with similar pathophysiology where oesophageal obstruction by a meat bolus followed by forceful vomiting led to an oesophageal mucosal tear and presentation of a band of oesophageal mucosa in the oral cavity. The patient did not develop any complications and made an uneventful recovery following conservative management.
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PMID:Oral presentation of an oesophageal mucosal tear. 1062 6

Acute necrotizing esophagitis is a rare disease. Its pathogenesis is influenced by situations of low systemic perfusion, such as hypertension, heart failure or sepsis, in which other factors, such as the application of a nasal tube, infections or drugs also play a role. We present a case of acute necrotizing esophagitis in a patient with copious vomiting, renal failure, gastric hemorrhage due to Mallory-Weiss syndrome and esophageal infection due to Actinomyces. The patient was undergoing coadjuvant chemotherapy for a surgically-treated colonic neoplasia. Maintenance therapy produced favorable evolution with restoration of esophageal epithelium and no stenotic complications.
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PMID:[Acute necrotizing esophagitis]. 1072 88

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome (MWS) lesions account for up to 15 per cent of upper gastrointestinal bleeding episodes. Typically these lesions present as a consequence of vomiting that is often associated with alcoholism. Recently other conditions such as pregnancy, migraine, hiatal hernia, gastric ulcer, biliary disease, and various medications have been associated with MWS. We report on a 32-year-old male who developed a MSW lesion after a prolonged period of swimming followed by an extended commercial airplane flight. The hemodynamic changes associated with swimming (increased central distribution of blood volume) and the pressure changes in commercial aircraft (a reduction of 0.3 atmospheres of pressure) are discussed. We conclude that the combination of these factors contributed to the development of a MWS lesion and gastrointestinal bleeding in this patient. We recommend that both air travel and athletic activities be considered as possible contributing factors in the evaluation of the cause of new-onset gastrointestinal bleeding.
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PMID:Mallory-Weiss syndrome: possible link to water immersion and subsequent air flight. 1109 26

There is no consensus as to the best treatment for Mallory-Weiss tears with severe bleeding. Endoscopic ligation is an inexpensive, readily available, and easily learned technique, in contrast to conventional thermocoagulation or hemoclipping. To evaluate the utility of endoscopic ligation, we performed this technique during emergency endoscopy to treat severe bleeding from Mallory-Weiss tears in four patients in our hospital with continuous active bleeding from Mallory-Weiss tears. The patients were all male with an average age of 40.5 years. Symptoms associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure, including retching and vomiting were reported by all patients. The bleeding points were aspirated and controlled by endoscopic ligation, and complete hemostasis was achieved in all cases. We conclude that endoscopic ligation is easy to perform and may provide an alternative treatment for severe bleeding from Mallory-Weiss tears.
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PMID:Mallory-Weiss syndrome with severe bleeding: treatment by endoscopic ligation. 1110 35

The Mallory-Weiss-syndrome is an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to longitudinal mucosal lacerations in the oesophagogastric junction. The mucosal lacerations occur as a sequel of vomiting or any other increase in intraabdominal pressure and account for up to 15% of all upper gastrointestinal bleedings. If death is due to a bleeding Mallory-Weiss-tear, however, massive blood stains on the corpse and around it frequently give rise to the suspicion of an unnatural cause of death. For this reason, autopsy is usually indispensable to elucidate the circumstances in which death occurred. The authors carried out a retrospective analysis of 5958 autopsies performed between 1997 and 2001 at the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Hamburg, in order to identify all cases of Mallory-Weiss-syndrome as cause of sudden, unexpected death. The results (9 cases, amounting to 0.15% of all autopsies) suggest that Mallory-Weiss-syndrome is probably much more common as a cause of sudden death than previously described. Regarding epidemiological aspects, men clearly predominate; the average age was 48 years. It should also be stressed that in 8 of the 9 cases there was a previous history of chronic alcohol abuse.
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PMID:[Mallory-Weiss syndrome as the cause of sudden, unexpected death]. 1190 86

Longitudinal tears in the esophagus at the esophageogastric junction are termed Mallory-Weiss syndrome. They are encountered most commonly in alcoholics, attributed to episodes of excessive vomiting. These lacerations could be the cause of massive and severe external and/or internal fatal bleeding. Bleeding from upper gastrointestinal parts could be caused by this syndrome, as well as by ulcers, inflammations, esophageal varices, tumours, blunt abdominal injuries, etc. Such unclear deaths could be of interest to law authorities because they are suspicious, sudden and/or obscure. In daily forensic medical practice, this syndrome is relatively rare, and therefore it, it should be recognized. In this paper, the authors present the case of a single male, aged 54, a chronic drinker, who was found dead in his flat. During the previous day, he was observed medically in the Trauma Centre in Belgrade for nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea). The mucous tears of esophageogastric junction had been established by autopsy, as well as the massive internal gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of autopsy and microscopic findings, clinical data and circumstances, the established cause of natural death was fatal exsanguination from esophageogastric mucous tears due to Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
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PMID:[The Mallory-Weiss syndrome as an unrecognized cause of death]. 1192 5

This is a re-appraisal of the supposedly rare Mallory-Weiss syndrome in which 11 patients with mucosal tears at the oesophagogastric junction are described. The fact that these cases were collected from general hospitals within a short period suggests that the condition is more common than supposed and may account for a considerable proportion of the 20 to 25% of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom no radiological abnormality can subsequently be found. Of the 11 patients, eight presented with gastrointestinal bleeding, two with mediastinitis, and one without relevant symptoms. The classical history of antecedent vomiting before the bleeding was obtained in only four patients, its absence not excluding the diagnosis. The presence of a small hiatal hernia in four patients appeared to predispose to mucosal tears as did mucosal atrophy occurring with advancing age. Some experimental findings pertaining to the mechanism of the tears are presented.
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PMID:Mucosal tears at the oesophagogastric junction (the Mallory-Weiss syndrome). 1368 77


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