Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-five Mallory-Weiss lacerations were visualized endoscopically in 58 of 528 patients evaluated acutely for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The Mallory-Weiss mucosal laceration is more common than generally recognized, is usually associated with hiatal hernia and a prodrome of retching or vomiting, and the ingestion of alcohol or acetylsalicyclic acid, or both. The lacerations are most commonly gastric and are associated with other mucosal lesions which may in fact be the instigating cause of the retching and vomiting. Although blood loss may be considerable, 90% or more patients with this lesion can be managed nonsurgically with appropriate blood component replacement and occasional use of systemic pitressin. There was one fatality in this series of 58 patients with Mallory-Weiss lacerations.
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PMID:Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Characterization of 75 Mallory-weiss lacerations in 528 patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 108 11

18 cases of Mallory-Weiss-syndrome verified endoscopically are reported. The patient group is surveyed with regard to age and sex distribution as well as accompanying diseases responsible for vomiting. 16 patients were treated conservatively, 2 underwent surgery. Diagnosis, indication of surgical management by selective cardiomyotomy and fundal plasty are described in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Endoscopic diagnosis and directed surgical treatment of the Mallory-Weiss syndrome using cardiatomy]. 108 90

During a 41/2-year period, 1970-74, 174 patients with upper gastro-intestinal bleeding were admitted to the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitale, Copenhagen, Denmark. In 11, a Mallory-Weiss syndrome was diagnosed. In 10, the diagnosis was made by means of gastroscopy, and in 1 patient at operation. It was not possible to make the diagnosis by means of X-ray examination of the oesophagus or the stomach. In one patient, a hiatal hernia was found. The etiology was violent and repeated vomiting. In 9 of the cases the syndrome was cuased by chronic alcoholic debauch and migraine. In 1 patient, the disease was caused by an abrupt external trauma of the abdomen after a traffic accident. In the last patient, the cause of the disease was uncertain. The treatment was entirely conservative, i.e. blood replacement, in 10 of the patients. The bleeding stopped after this treatment, and it was not necessary to use a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, nor was a later surgical exploration needed, except in one patient in whom an emergency operation was required because of extensive and persistent bleeding. At operation, 3 mucosal tears were sutured. At the time of discharge, all 11 patients were feeling well. Based on the present material, and cases reported in the literature, we have concluded that emergency gastroscopy is the most reliable diagnostic measure in patients with the Mallory-Weiss syndrome. The treatment ought to be as conservative as possible with replacement of the blood, and surgical intervention should be performed only in the few patients with incontrollable bleeding.
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PMID:The Mallory-Weiss syndrome. 118 60

Six patients (three women and three men) who had upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to Mallory-Weiss syndrome are described. Retching was the most common precipitating factor (5/6) followed by vomiting (2/6). Basic underlying causes for either retching or vomiting were probable excess alcohol consumption (3/6), side-effects of oral or parentral medication (2/6) and over-indulgence in eating after partial gastrectomy (1/6). The two most important factors leading to confirmation of the diagnosis were: 1. History of events prior to the onset of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 2. early panendoscopy. One noted feature of the present series is the high incidence of other silent co-existing pathological lesions at the time of endoscopic examination. Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was characterized as mild to moderate (300-500 cc.) in three patients and moderate to severe (1,000-2,000 cc.) in another three patients. All recovered under medical management and none required surgical intervention. It is becoming increasingly evident that such a benign outcome in Mallory-Weiss syndrome is more common than previously recognized.
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PMID:Mallory-Weiss syndrome--revisted. 122 30

In two patients, frequent retching and vomiting preceded acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Congestion and edema were limited to the prolapsed portion of the stomach, the cardia, where discrete erosions and small shallow ulcers were seen. At endoscopy, prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the esophageal lumen was quite evident whenever the patients retched. The endoscopic features and pathogenesis of Mallory-Weiss syndrome were readily differentiated. It seemed probable that repeated retching causing intussusception of the cardia of the stomach can mechanically produce gastritis and should be a recognizable cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. I take this entity to be an independent superficial mucosal disease of the stomach.
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PMID:Mechanical gastritis involving the cardia: the trauma of retching and vomiting. 230 89

The purpose of this paper is to study the use of upper gastrointestinal (Gl) fiberoptic endoscopy in children. Two hundred consecutive patients referred to one of the authors were reviewed. The indications for performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in these 200 patients were: (1) recurrent abdominal pain (46.5%), (2) persistent vomiting (14.5%), (3) haematemesis (14.5%), (4) acute abdominal pain (13%) and (5) other indications such as foreign body removal, failure to thrive and unexplained chest pain (11.5%). The endoscopy was performed with the Olympus P3 or Olympus XP-10 gastroscopes. The sedation used was a combination of intravenous pethidine (2mg/kg) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg). Among the patients with recurrent abdominal pain, upper Gl endoscopy showed duodenal ulcer in 7 patients (7.5%), duodenitis in 4 (4.3%), oesophagitis in 4 (4.3%) and gastric ulcer in 2 (2.2%). The rest of the patients were normal (81.7%). With regard to persistent vomiting, 37.9% of the patients showed gastroesophageal reflux and 6.9% had a hiatus hernia. Of 29 patients examined endoscopically for upper Gl bleeding, no focus of bleeding was identified in 27.6%. The remaining 72.4% were bleeding from acute gastric erosion (27.6%), oesophagitis (17.2%), oesophageal varices (13.8%), duodenal ulcer (10.3%) and Mallory-Weiss tear (3.5%). The Majority of the patients with acute abdominal pain were normal endoscopically (61.5%). The two common abnormal findings were acute gastritis (27.0%) and acute duodenitis (11.5%). No major complications were encountered during the procedure in these 200 patients. It was concluded that upper Gl endoscopy is useful for defining upper Gl mucosal pathology. The procedure can be performed safely in children under sedation.
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PMID:Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children. 237 74

Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the esophagus (SIHE) is a rare condition usually affecting middle-aged or elderly women. It presents as acute substernal or epigastric pain, typically accompanied by dysphagia or hematemesis. SIHE is not usually associated with vomiting, and is therefore clearly distinguished from emetogenic esophageal disorders, such as the Mallory-Weiss lesion and the Boerhaave syndrome. The diagnosis has traditionally been made by barium esophagram. Therapy is conservative; a favorable prognosis is the rule. The pathogenesis is in dispute. We present a case of SIHE without a discernible mucosal breach, suggesting a primary intramural bleed as the initiating event. We document the utility of computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of SIHE.
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PMID:Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the esophagus. 280 87

We report a case of esophageal cast, a rare entity, and a review of the literature. We also theorize about the possible mechanism of injury due to vomiting, which was common in most previously reported patients. We assume a close association may occur between the Mallory-Weiss syndrome and production of an esophageal cast. Other causes of esophageal casts are presented.
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PMID:Esophageal cast. 406 27

A young presented to the emergency department after ingesting multiple drugs. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding developed after emesis was induced with syrup of ipecac. A small Mallory-Weiss tear of the cardioesophageal junction was found at endoscopy. This case is presented to alert physicians to this uncommon complication of ipecac-induced emesis.
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PMID:Mallory-Weiss syndrome: an unusual complication of ipecac-induced emesis. 611 71

The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is characterized by repeated bouts of retching and/or vomiting followed by the sudden onset of hematemesis or melena. Bleeding arises from linear, nonperforating mucosal lacerations at the cardia, cardioesophageal junction, distal esophagus, or a combination of these sites. Hiatal hernia is often a coexisting finding. Severity of hemorrhage can vary from mild to severe (100 to 2,000 ml). The clinical course is usually benign. The diagnosis can be suspected from the history and confirmed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In the majority of patients, medical management controls the bleeding. About 10% to 20% of unselected patients require surgical intervention. With the proper, prompt use of fiberoptic endoscopy in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage has come an increase in the number of cases of Mallory-Weiss syndrome being identified. This is true even in community hospitals. The result has been a decrease in surgical intervention and overall mortality.
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PMID:Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Experience in a community hospital. 633 89


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