Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new anthracycline analog, epirubicin (4'-epi-Adriamycin) was evaluated at eleven institutes in a phase II clinical study in patients with malignant lymphoma. Epirubicin was administered intravenously mainly with using the following two regimens; 50 to 60 mg/m2 every three weeks and 40 mg/m2 weekly. A total of 46 cases were entered into the study and 41 cases were evaluable. Clinical responses, complete plus partial remissions, were observed in 27 cases (65.9%) with 8 of these showing complete remission. There was no significant difference of response between the two regimens. Response rates taking into account previous chemotherapy were 90.9% (10/11) in previously nontreated cases, 61.9% (8/13) in cases previously treated with non-anthracyclines and 52.9% (9/17) in cases treated with anthracyclines. The major adverse effect was bone marrow suppression; leukopenia was observed in 83.8%, anemia in 60.5% and thrombocytopenia in 15.4%. Other adverse effects frequently observed were anorexia (59.0%), nausea-vomiting (48.8%) and alopecia (55.6%). These adverse effects seemed milder than those produced by doxorubicin. The results indicated that epirubicin seemed to be a markedly useful drug against malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:[A phase II study of epirubicin in malignant lymphoma]. 346 47

Twenty patients with malignant lymphomas and 12 with acute leukemias were treated with intravenous administration of etoposide, 60-100 mg/m2/day for five days, repeated for three to four weeks. Eighteen cases of malignant lymphoma and nine of acute leukemia were evaluable. CR was achieved in three cases (16.7%) and PR in four cases (22.2%) of malignant lymphoma. Although CR was not achieved in any patients with acute leukemia, and PR was in three (33.3%), it was found that etoposide was most effective for the patients with the M4 or M5 subtype in the FAB classification. The most serious adverse effect of the drug was leukopenia in patients with lymphoma. In three patients (30.0%), the leukocyte count was lower than 1,000/mm3. Gastrointestinal complications, such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occurred in 60.7% of all patients, but were not serious. Alopecia was observed in 73.1%. Intravenous administration of etoposide was apparently effective for the patients with malignant lymphoma of the diffuse mixed type, and this efficacy found in our study was the same as that for oral administration of etoposide reported by us previously.
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PMID:[Phase II study of etoposide (VP-16) in the form of intravenous injection for malignant lymphomas and acute leukemias: Hanshin Cooperative Study Group for Hematological Disorders]. 346 24

High-dose doxorubicin has shown considerable activity in both previously treated and previously untreated patients with lymphoma. Because of the toxicities of doxorubicin at high dose, we elected to study a new anthracycline at doses comparable to doxorubicin at high dose, to assess response and toxicity. Epirubicin was administered at doses of 120 mg/m2, 150 mg/m2, and 180 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (maximum four doses) to groups of six patients with previously treated intermediate- and high-grade lymphoma. Sixteen of the patients had received significant prior therapy with an anthracycline and/or anthracenedione. At all dose levels, myelosuppression was severe, with median granulocyte nadirs less than 504/mm3. Hematological recovery occurred by day 21 at the 120 mg/m2 and 150 mg/m2 dose levels, allowing for the next cycle of therapy. However, at the 180 mg/m2 dose level, the majority of patients failed to have hematological recovery by the day of the next scheduled therapy. Forty-two % of patients (eight patients) had fever/neutropenia, and required antibiotics. One treatment-related septic death occurred (at 150 mg/m2). Alopecia (68%), fever immediately following treatment (63%), mild/moderate stomatitis (58%), and nausea/vomiting (53%) were the most common nonhematological toxicities. These toxicities were independent of the dose levels and were not dose limiting. A significant change (greater than or equal to 0.10) in the radionuclide ejection (EF) was seen in seven patients. The median of the entire group of patients fell from 0.63 to 0.56. No patient developed clinical or radiological evidence of congestive heart failure. A response rate of 58% (two complete responses, nine partial responses) was achieved with a median duration of 5 months (range, 1-15+). High-dose epirubicin can be successfully utilized in patients with previously treated lymphoma. The only dose-limiting toxicity observed at these dose levels was the lack of hematological recovery by day 21 with 180 mg/m2. Since epirubicin at high dose will be incorporated into high-dose anthracycline regimens in previously untreated patients utilizing a 3-week treatment cycle, 150-180 mg/m2 may be the maximally tolerated dose for such studies.
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PMID:Phase I-II trial of high-dose epirubicin in patients with lymphoma. 347 45

One case of primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system is reported. The patient, a nine year old boy having headache, vomiting, seizures in the right limbs and unconsciousness, was admitted into our hospital and died the next day. A tumor at the base of the left frontal lobe was found on autopsy. There was no evidence of tumor elsewhere. A pathological diagnosis of T-cell malignant lymphoma was established. In this paper, the view that the T-cell lymphoma can arise from the central nervous system is proposed for the first time. Its clinical features, pathomorphology and histogenesis are discussed. Yet, how follicles are formed in the tumor tissue and its significance await further study.
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PMID:[Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system--a case report and review of literature]. 349 98

Thirty-seven dogs with malignant lymphoma were treated with either polyethylene glycol conjugated (PEG) asparaginase alone (10-30 IU/kg intraperitoneally [IP] weekly--20 dogs) or PEG-asparaginase combined with one cycle of chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and prednisone), followed by maintenance PEG-asparaginase (30 IU/kg, IP weekly--17 dogs). In the 20 dogs (eight were chemotherapy resistant) treated with PEG-asparaginase alone, seven had a complete response (CR), seven had a partial response (PR), five had no response (NR), and one was not evaluable (NE). The duration of response (CR + PR) ranged from 14 to 102 days (median, 48 days). In the eight chemotherapy-resistant dogs (seven were previously resistant to L-asparaginase) four had responses (one CR and three PR). In the 17 dogs treated with combined PEG-asparaginase and chemotherapy, 13 had a CR, two had a PR, and two had NR. None of the dogs had had prior chemotherapy, and the duration of response (CR + PR) ranged from 7 to 840+ days, with a median of 126+ days. Four dogs are still on maintenance PEG-asparaginase at 16+, 21+, 26+, and 28+ months. Toxicity consisted of death due to massive tumor breakdown (two dogs), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC--one dog), hypersensitivity reaction (one dog), vomiting (three dogs) and soft stools (three dogs). Four normal dogs were given very high doses of PEG-asparaginase (200 IU/kg and 1200 IU/kg) once weekly for two treatments without any significant toxicity. These results indicate that PEG-asparaginase has antitumor activity in dog with spontaneously occurring malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:A preliminary study on the evaluation of asparaginase. Polyethylene glycol conjugate against canine malignant lymphoma. 356 63

5 cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system are reported. 3 were males and 2 females. Their ages ranged from 7 to 59. In 3 cases, the lesion occurred in the right parietal lobe and 2 in the right frontal lobe. The main clinical manifestations were as follows: headache (4/5), vomiting (5/5), hemiplegia (4/5) and mental disturbances (3/5). The histologic pattern in this group consists of 3 types, i. e. 3 B-small lymphocyte, 1 B-lymphocyte mixed and 1 large non-cleaved cell. The histogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of this tumor are discussed briefly.
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PMID:[Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system--report of 5 cases]. 356 91

We analyzed 26 cases of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. There were 14 males and 12 females ranging in age from 5-76 years (median age 51 years, mean age 50.2 years). None had received organ transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy. The most common presenting symptoms were headache, mental changes, nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. The main neurological findings were hemiparesis, papilledema, visual field defects, and cranial nerve palsies. The most common finding in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was high protein content; CSF cytology was positive in only one case. Computerized tomography was done in 14 cases; all showed a contrast-enhancing lesion. Angiography generally revealed an avascular mass. The most common location above tentorium was the frontal lobe; in four cases the tumor was infratentorial (cerebellum, 3 cases). In five cases there was diffuse involvement of the brain; all had severe dementia and diagnosis was not made until the autopsy. Histologically, the most common type was diffuse histiocytic or immunoblastic lymphoma according to Rappaport and the Working Formulation classification respectively. Radiation therapy alone in five patients gave a median survival of 17 months. Five patients received radiation and chemotherapy, and median survival was 16 months. Two patients developed ocular lymphoma 8 and 36 months later that was treated by radiation.
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PMID:Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 cases. 376 91

Ten patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), six untreated and four with previous chemotherapy, were treated with TA-077, a new derivative of nitrosourea. Partial remission was observed in three untreated cases (30%) of NHL [Case 1: 71-year-old female with B cell lymphoma/diffuse small cell type, Case 2: 79-year-old male with T cell lymphoma/diffuse large cell type, and Case 3: 64-year-old female with adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL)]. Remission durations were as follows: Case 1; 33 days, Case 2; 38 days and Case 3; 14 days. Side effects were transient anorexia (40%), nausea & vomiting (30%), liver dysfunction (10%) and delayed hematological toxicities (80%). Hematological toxicities consisted of leukocytopenia (80%), thrombocytopenia (60%) and anemia (20%). Our study suggests that TA-077 is a useful agent as one of the drugs used in combination chemotherapy against NHL, since it was effective for refractory T cell malignancies such as ATLL.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of TA-077 in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. 377 56

Male patients with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) have an inherited immune deficiency to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection that results in fatal infectious mononucleosis (IM), acquired hypogammaglobulinemia- or agammaglobulinemia, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, and non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (ML). A clinicopathologic analysis of 17 patients with XLP who developed ML was performed. The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 4.0 years (range, 2-19 years). The median overall survival was 12 months (range, 1-216 months). Eight patients had maternally related male relatives with ML. Other phenotypes of XLP were documented in male relatives of the remaining nine patients. Common presenting symptoms were fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Nine patients had "B" symptoms. All ML occurred at extranodal sites. The intestines, most commonly ileocecal, were involved in 76.5% of the cases. Thirteen patients had localized disease (Stages I and II) and four patients had advanced disease (Stages III and IV). A diffuse histologic pattern of growth was observed in all cases. The distribution of histologic subtypes included small noncleaved (41.2%), large noncleaved (17.6%), immunoblastic (17.6%), small cleaved or mixed cell (11.8%), and unclassifiable (5.9%) ML. Surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy resulted in disease-free survivals of up to 192 months in eight patients (median 114 months; range, 12-192 months). Eight of 17 patients (47%) are still alive. A median survival of only 6.0 months (range, 1-12 months) was observed in the nine patients who died. No residual ML was found at autopsy. The small noncleaved subtype had an adverse prognosis (seven of nine deaths versus one of eight survivors; P less than 0.05). Bacterial infection was the major cause of death (seven of nine patients). Characteristics that distinguish ML in XLP from other ML include a maternal family history of XLP, early age of onset, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, post-EBV infection, and ileocecal involvement.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. 381 12

27 patients (aged 15-55 years) with relapsed acute myelogenous (AML) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and with lymphoblastic non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) have been treated with intermediate dose cytosine arabinoside (AraC, 1 g/m2 q 12 h X 12) and 3 d of m-AMSA (20 patients), 90-115 mg/m2 daily, or daunorubicin (7 patients). 18 of them attained a complete remission (AML 10/14, ALL 3/5, NHL 5/8). 7 patients received consolidation treatment with 1-2 courses comprising 4 d of AraC (3 g/m2 q 12 h X 8) and m-AMSA (90-115 mg/m2) on d 5 of each course. 2 patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and 9 received no further treatment after remission induction. In addition to vomiting, fever and conjunctivitis, toxicity in 6 patients included a combination of severe diarrhoea, fever and signs of paralytic ileus. 3 of them died during the pancytopenic phase. The pancytopenic period ranged from 16-25 d (median 21 d) after the remission induction and 14-21 d (median 19 d) after the consolidation course. Median remission duration was 5 months for those patients who received no treatment after remission induction and greater than 9 months (4+ - 16+ months) for the patients who received consolidation courses. Increased dosages of AraC are active in relapsed leukaemia and lymphoma, although optimal dose and schedule are still undetermined.
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PMID:Intermediate and high-dose ARA-C and m-AMSA (or daunorubicin) as remission and consolidation treatment for patients with relapsed acute leukaemia and lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 385 71


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