Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of malignant astrocytoma following radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma is presented in detail with a review of the literature. A 38 year-old housewife had developed a growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, and received a total of 50 Gy at the pituitary region. Four years and six months later, she began suffering headache and vomiting. Computed tomography showed an extensive low density with ring enhancement in the right temporal region, corresponding to the previously irradiated field. A right frontotemporoparietal craniotomy was carried out, and a soft and reddish tumor was partially removed. The histological diagnosis was that of malignant astrocytoma. The patient was submitted to postoperative radiochemotherapy, receiving a total of 60 Gy, nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), and tegafur (FT). Subsequently, after three months of clinical relief, she developed tumor regrowth, and died four months later. The present case fulfills the criteria for radiation-induced tumor established by Cahan et al.: A tumor location within irradiated area, no evidence of tumor prior to radiotherapy, a long latency period between radiation and tumor occurrence, and histological verification of the tumor. Thirty-nine cases of radiation-induced gliomas including the present case have been reported in the literature. It is noteworthy that the majority occur in the younger age bracket. Male preponderance is noted as it is in primary cerebral gliomas. The primary lesions for radiation frequently include leukemia and lymphoma. Craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenoma, and medulloblastoma etc are also included.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Malignant astrocytoma following radiotherapy in pituitary adenoma: case report]. 268 39

This report describes a series of 553 flexible upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies performed on 382 children in two surgical centers between 1975 and 1987. Indications included abdominal pain (180), reassessment of known disease (149), upper GI bleeding (99), foreign body ingestion (77), vomiting (14), dysphagia (10), and miscellaneous (24). Findings were chronic peptic ulcer (47), gastritis/duodenitis (63), healing disease (92), nonhealing disease (22), recurrent disease (32), foreign body impaction (22), stricture (9), esophagitis (7), varices (7), mass (6 [3 polyp, 1 lymphoma, 1 fungus ball, 1 inflammation]), normal (209), and miscellaneous (37). Endoscopic diagnosis was uniformly correct except on two occasions, when the presence of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula in small infants was missed due to use of an inadequate instrument. A pathologic lesion is likely to be identifiable in GI bleeding (84.8%). Endoscopic surveillance for progress of known disease was found to be valuable, particularly in peptic ulcer management, as both incomplete healing after standard therapy as well as recurrence are frequent. The recent practice of routine antral biopsy in children with severe "nonspecific abdominable pain" enabled four cases of Campylobacter pylori colonization in the stomach to be diagnosed, thus allowing appropriate treatment. Endoscopy was therapeutic on 61 occasions: injection sclerotherapy (32), foreign body removal (20), polypectomy (3), and stricture dilatation (6). Endoscopy-guided bougienage, in particular, represents a recent major advance. There was no morbidity or mortality in the entire series. It is concluded that pediatric upper GI endoscopy performed by experienced surgeons is safe and effective. As a result of better understanding and technological advances, a changing trend of wider and more rational applications of the procedure is now evident.
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PMID:Pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a 13-year experience. 273 8

Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in a thirteen-year-old boy with immotile cilia syndrome (ICS) is reported. He had frequent upper respiratory tract infections, chronic sinusitis and pneumonia during in childhood. Bronchiectasis was demonstrated by bronchography. The diagnosis of ICS was confirmed by the lack of dynein arms of cila in the nasal mucosa with electronmicroscopy. In 1987, he complained of headache and vomiting and a space occupied mass lesion in the left frontoparietal lobe was found by head CT scan, which was subtotally resected. Histological studies showed large cell type non-Hodgikin lymphoma of B-cell phenotype. He received radiotherapy (41Gy) to the whole brain and systemic chemotherapy consisting of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, L-asparaginase and intrathecal methotrexate, and the patient maintained complete remission for eight months. However, relapse occurred and the patient died twelve months after the initiation of treatment.
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PMID:[Malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system in a boy with immotile cilia syndrome]. 276 80

One hundred two patients submitted to intensive chemotherapy were included in a randomized study with cross over comparing for the second course two anti-emetics: tetracosactide (D1: 3 mg, D2 and D3: 2 mg/d) and methylprednisolone (D1: 240 mg, D2 and D3: 160 mg/d). Most patients presented with malignant lymphoma. All patients experienced nausea and emesis during first course of chemotherapy. Results were similar in both groups, respectively for tetracosactide and methylprednisolone: no nausea 37 versus 40%, less than 3 emesis 69% versus 73%. Secondary effects were observed in 5 and 8% of cases. Tetracosactide with a schedule of 7 mg for 3 days gives the same results than methylprednisolone 560 mg for 3 days in chemotherapy induced nausea and emesis prevention.
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PMID:[Comparison of the antiemetic effectiveness of high-dose corticosteroids with synacthene in nausea induced by chemotherapy: results of a randomized study]. 277 83

A case of primary cerebral malignant lymphoma associated with hydrocephalus is reported. The patient was a 54 year-old male who enjoyed good health until the onset of headache and vomiting 4 weeks before admission. His consciousness was alert and neurological examination revealed severe papilloedema with retinal hemorrhage. No lymph node or abdominal tumor enlargement were noted. CT scan and MR images revealed no abnormal lesion except mild ventriculomegaly. CSF study revealed mild elevation of protein and sugar and cell count was 66/3. CSF cytology revealed atypical lymphoid cell with irregular nuclear contour and large nucleolus. Immunological marker studies of the tumor cell revealed increasing of anti J-5 (CD10), anti B-4 (CD19) and OKT-IA1. The patient was treated by a whole brain irradiation and chemotherapy after V-P shunt. It is 12 months since the operation, and the patient's condition is still good.
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PMID:[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain associated with acute hydrocephalus]. 281 71

In a patient with AIDS, severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection dominated with gastro-intestinal and retinal involvement. The gastro-intestinal signs--diarrhoea and recurrent vomiting--correlated with the destruction of the tunica muscularis of the digestive tract seen at post-mortem. The CMV retinitis caused an almost complete loss of sight, the consequence of extensive destruction of the retina. In addition to the generalized CMV infection and disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma, which also involved the gastro-intestinal tract and caused discrete histopathological changes, post-mortem examination revealed a malignant lymphoma of the brain.
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PMID:[Specific gastrointestinal manifestations of a generalized cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome]. 298 66

High risk splenectomy is often encountered in cases of hypersplenism with massive splenomegaly (10 times usual weight of 150-200 g) resulting from myelophthisic processes. Intra-operative ligation of the splenic artery through the lesser sac is a technically useful method of gaining vascular control prior to mobilizing the challenging spleen. However, a massive or inaccessible spleen imposes mechanical limitations during surgery and may be complicated by torrential intra-operative hemorrhage in the setting of severe thrombocytopenia refractile to platelet transfusions. The authors describe pre-operative intravascular proximal splenic artery control in four adult patients (3 men, 1 woman) with extreme splenomegaly (2,250-10,000 g). The massive splenomegaly in this group resulted from chronic myelogenous leukemia (n = 2), isolated splenic lymphoma (n = 1), and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (n = 1). Chief symptom manifestations included left upper quadrant abdominal pain, early satiety, post-prandial emesis, dyspnea, petechiae, and associated easy bruising. Prior to surgery, all the patients were taken to the radiology suite where either detachable silastic balloons or stainless steel coils were placed selectively into the splenic artery under fluoroscopic guidance requiring approximately 35 minutes. Splenic artery occlusion aided normalization of thrombocytopenia (average increases 19,000/microliter to 215,000/microliter) with prolongation in survival of platelets. Successful splenectomy was subsequently performed with no additional transfusion requirements and was made technically easier by reducing splenic bulk. There were no adverse consequences of intravascular occlusion and no peri-operative morbidity or mortality. Preoperative intravascular selective splenic artery occlusion, used as an important potential adjunct to anticipated high risk splenectomy, is recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preoperative splenic artery occlusion as an adjunct for high risk splenectomy. 317 46

In an effort to improve the treatment of patients with refractory or recurrent lymphoma, we developed a protocol using cis-platinum combined with two other agents of known efficacy in these disorders but with differing side effects: VP-16 and MGBG. Twenty-six eligible patients were treated with this regimen. There were 15 men and 11 women with a median age of 54 years (22-73), and performance status of 1 (0-3). Their diagnoses were Hodgkin's disease 5 and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL] 21 which included 11 with diffuse histocytic lymphoma [DHL]. The median number of chemotherapy regimens was 2 (1-5); 12 also received radiotherapy. Twenty patients are evaluable for response: 15 NHL and 5 Hodgkin's disease. Three patients, all of whom had DHL entered complete remission (20%) with a median time to treatment failure of 7 1/2 months. Six NHL (40%) and one Hodgkin's disease (20%) patients entered a partial remission. There were three early deaths: one due to progressive disease, one to acute respiratory failure, and one with disease status undocumented. Toxicity included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia, renal failure, profound peripheral neuropathy, and hypersensitivity vasculitis. Treatment was stopped because of the latter two. These agents are non-crossresistant with doxorubicin-containing regimens. The drugs are possibly synergistic and modestly active with moderate to severe toxicity.
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PMID:Cisplatin, VP-16-213 and MGBG (methylglyoxal bis guanylhydrazone) combination chemotherapy in refractory lymphoma, a phase II study. 319 89

From 1977 to 1982, 62 patients with various advanced malignant solid tumors were treated by HD-MTX-CFR therapy and totally 129 courses were given. Majority of the patients suffered from malignant lymphoma (10), osteogenic sarcoma (11), lung cancer (16), esophageal cancer (3), breast cancer (3) and malignant melanoma (4). All were confirmed by cytology or pathology except one primary liver cancer. There were clinically measurable lesions in 59 patients for evaluation of the treatment, and 3 osteogenic sarcoma patients without metastasis were given a postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. 33 out of 62 had received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before. Dose of MTX ranged from 2 to 3 gm per course in most patients and dose of CF, from 9 to 12 mg every 6 hours for 3 days. 2 (3.4%) patients achieved complete remission (1 osteogenic sarcoma and 1 malignant lymphoma) and 8 (13.6%), partial remission (1 osteogenic sarcoma, 5 malignant lymphoma, 1 esophageal cancer and 1 breast cancer) with a total response rate of 15.9%. No response was observed in all 16 lung cancers. The main side effects of HD-MTX-CFR therapy were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of SGPT, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, skin rash, fever and fatigue. All patients were followed more than 3 years. 4 patients are still alive (9, 9, 4 and 7 years, respectively), including 3 osteogenic sarcoma patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 mycosis fungoides.
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PMID:[High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue (HD-MTX-CFR) in the treatment of malignant solid tumors--clinical analysis of 62 patients]. 326 85

Authors, in an open and preliminary study, evaluate the beneficial effects on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting of an association of three antiemetic drugs parenterally administered. Twenty-six patients receiving chemotherapy for Lymphomas (195 cycles) were treated with: Chlorpheniramine maleate 10 mg IM 45' before, Sulpiride 200 mg in normal saline 100 ml, at XXX gtt/m', 20' before, and 6-Methyl-Prednisolone 500 mg IV over 2'-3' immediately before chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated for emesis over 48 hours after chemotherapy: they were interviewed on nausea, vomiting and other possible side-effects. The antiemetic activity observed was: complete response in 73.1% (19/26); partial response 27.9% (7/26). Failure of response was never observed. 166/195 cycles were well tolerated. Our results demonstrate the antiemetic efficacy of this antiemetic regimen. Further studies should investigate its use in randomized trials.
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PMID:[Antiemetic protocol in oncohematologic polychemotherapy]. 337 28


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