Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Due to the favourable results previously obtained with cisplatin in breast cancer (54% response rate), we studied a second-generation platinum analogue, carboplatin, in patients with previously untreated breast cancer. A total of 20 patients were entered in the study and all were evaluable. The median age was 57 years and all patients were in menopause. Karnofsky scores of 80-100 and 40-70 were registered in 14 and 6 cases, respectively. The predominant metastatic site was soft tissue in 12 subjects, visceral organs in 5 and bone in 3; 14 patients had greater than 2 metastatic sites. Carboplatin was given i.v. at a dose of 400 mg/m2 on day 1, with a 3-week rest period. In 13 patients who did not respond or whose disease recurred after carboplatin treatment, the CMFVP, CAP or FAC regimen was given as second line treatment. Carboplatin activity was observed in 4 patients [2 complete remissions (CRs) and 2 partial responses (PRs)], for a response rate of 20% (4/20); the 2 PRs were observed in soft tissue and bone and the 2 CRs, in lung, liver and bone. Remission lasted 2-10 months (mean, 4 months). CMFVP given as second-line chemotherapy to 13 patients produced 7 PRs (7/13, 54%). Toxicity was moderate, producing no drug-related deaths. Anemia (grade I-II) was recorded in seven patients; grade I-II leukopenia, in six; and grade III-IV leukopenia in two (median leukocyte nadir, 1,600/mm3). Thrombocytopenia was observed in three cases (grades I, II and III; median platelet nadir, 47,800/mm3). Unpleasant nausea/vomiting was pronounced (12 cases of grade III-IV) in 19 subjects. There were no cases of neuro- or nephrotoxicity. Due to permanent myelosuppression, no more than five cycles could be given. Our study showed that, unlike cisplatin, carboplatin given at a dose of 400 mg/m2 has low antitumorigenic activity in breast cancer patients and produces pronounced myelotoxicity. Additional first-line chemotherapy studies using carboplatin are needed to define the antitumorigenic activity of this platinum analogue.
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PMID:Carboplatin activity in untreated metastatic breast cancer patients--results of a phase II study. 199 4

An early Phase II study of CTP-11, a new derivative of Camptothecin, in gynecologic cancers was carried out by a cooperative study group of 9 institutions. Forty-six patients were enrolled, and there were 14 cases of ovarian cancers, 7 of cervical cancer, 6 of uterine body cancers and 1 of endometrial stromal sarcoma which satisfied study criteria. The response rate in ovarian cancers was 21.4%, and in cervical cancers 42.9%, among an overall rate of 21.4%. Three out of 6 patients with objective response had undergone previous chemotherapies including cisplatin, suggesting that CPT-11 was effective for patients with no response or refractory to these therapies. Leukopenia was a major adverse reaction with an incidence of 60.0% (grade 2 or more). Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea were frequently observed (grade 2 or more; 13.3-43.3%). These were generally tolerable except in a few cases. Besides these reactions, alopecia was also observed (33.3%), but severe adverse reactions such as nephropathy were not. These results suggested that CPT-11 was effective against ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. The recommended dose regimen for a late phase II study is considered to be 100 mg/m2 once weekly and 150 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks.
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PMID:[An early phase II study of CPT-11 in gynecologic cancers. Research Group of CPT-11 in Gynecologic Cancers]. 201

Seven weeks after a generalized cerebral seizure a 27-year-old woman from Ghana developed nausea, vomiting and weight loss, gradually increasing over two weeks. Cranial computed tomography revealed several hyperdense formations with extensive associated oedema and a midline shift. Among extensive biochemical tests only a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 24/50 mm and leukopenia of 2,600/microliters (with normal differential count) were notable. Diagnostic laparotomy was performed because of sonographic and computed tomographic evidence of enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Histological examination of representative lymph nodes and of tiny nodules deposited on the peritoneum revealed caseous granulomatous inflammation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from these specimens. Antituberculosis treatment was started with 0.3 g/d isoniazid, 0.6 g/d rifampicin, 2 g/d pyrazinamide and 1 g/d streptomycin, plus dexamethasone, 4 mg four times daily. After eight weeks treatment an intracerebral focus, removed to exclude neoplasm, proved histologically to be a tuberculoma. Only after four months was it possible to reduce the glucocorticoid dosage to prednisone, 20 mg/d. The antituberculosis treatment was continued for 18 months, with only isoniazid and rifampicin taken during the last 14 months. Final clinical and biochemical examinations were unremarkable. Computed tomography demonstrated regression of the abdominal lymph nodes and the cerebral foci. The patient was without any symptoms.
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PMID:[The manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis]. 201 78

Fifty-five patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with the combination of leucovorin (LV), fluorouracil (FU) and dipyridamole (DP). Two (4%) patients achieved a clinical complete remission, 4 (7%) a partial remission, 24 (44%) had stable disease while 25 (45%) patients progressed during the chemotherapy period. Median survival was 47 weeks and median time to progression 19.5 weeks. Major toxicities included diarrhea (66%), leukopenia (45%), anemia (50%) and nausea/vomiting (44%). In conclusion, the addition of oral DP does not appear to improve the efficacy of the standard LV/FU regimen in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
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PMID:High-dose leucovorin, fluorouracil and oral dipyridamole in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. 206 44

In this study we examined the clinical and laboratory findings of 80 in-patients. There is an important difference between sexes (p greater than 0.05). Comparison of ages showed that 7-30 age is more vulnerable than the older group. We found clinical symptoms of fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, disturbances in bowel function, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and lassitude in the first two weeks more frequently when compared with the 3rd, 4th, 5th weeks of illness (p less than 0.001). Where physical finding of rose spots, discordant pulse rate are important in the first two weeks (p less than 0.001). Abdominal discomfort is an important symptom both in the first two and in the last three weeks (% 40.3 and % 36 respectively). Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, were found more frequently in the last three weeks. According to laboratory findings of anemia, leukopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and positive blood and feces cultures there is no important difference between the first two and last three weeks (p greater than 0.05). Increase in polynuclear leucocytes is important for the first two weeks, and increase in lymphocytes is important in the last three weeks (p less than 0.001). Positivity of group agglutination tests is 57%, in the first two weeks and 83% in the last three weeks. This difference is found to be important.
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PMID:[Comparison of symptoms and clinical and laboratory findings in the first and last weeks of typhoid fever]. 208 33

The purpose of the study was to investigate the antitumour activity and toxicity of high dose (120 mg m-2) single agent epirubicin therapy in untreated extensive small cell lung cancer patients. Out of 80 patients entered, 71 were evaluable for both antitumour activity and toxicity, 4 only for toxicity and 5 were lost for follow-up. The drug possessed a high antitumour activity, the overall response rate was 47.9% (34/71) with 4 complete remissions (CR) and 30 partial remissions (PR). The median remission duration was 3.5 months. Particular drug activity was observed in the primary tumours, lymph nodes and pleural metastases. Toxicity (leukopenia, anaemia, vomiting, reversible rhythmic cardiac disorder, stomatitis) was mild, alopecia was registered less than in adriamycin medication. One fatal congestive heart failure occurred. The actual mean survival time calculated on the basis of the data gained from 64 patients was 7.0 months (range 2-22). The high antitumour activity and no increase in toxicity justify the incorporation of high dose epirubicin into combination therapy.
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PMID:Phase II study of 4'-epi-doxorubicin in patients with untreated, extensive small cell lung cancer. South-East European Oncology Group (SEEOG). 216 33

A multicenter phase II trial of carboplatin, a new platinum analog of cisplatin, was carried out in bronchogenic carcinoma at 17 institutions throughout Japan. Of 139 patients enrolled in this trial, 10 were excluded from analysis as inevaluable and the remaining 129 were judged to be evaluable for response and toxic effects by the Extramural Review Committee. Patients were treated i.v. with either 300 or 400 mg/m2 carboplatin every 4 weeks. Responses and toxic effects were assessed at both dose levels. The overall response rate was 17.8% (23/129), with response rates of 28.4% (19/67) for small-cell disease, 7.1% (2/28) for squamous-cell carcinoma, and 6.9% (2/29) for adenocarcinoma. The most frequent toxic effects were thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, with a platelet count of less than 7 x 10(4) microliters recorded in 60 patients (46.5%) and a WBC count of less than 3,000/microliters recorded in 60 cases (46.5%). Vomiting occurred in 28 patients (21.7%). Renal, aural, and neurotoxicities were not seen. Hydration was not required. Carboplatin was demonstrated to be active against lung cancer, especially against small-cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Phase II study of carboplatin in patients with nonresected lung cancer. Japan Cooperative Oncology Group on Lung Cancer. 216 Dec 95

Two hundred sixteen patients with unresectable non-small cell lung carcinoma were randomly allocated to receive etoposide (120 mg/m2, days 1-3) either alone or in combination with high-dose cisplatin (60 mg/m2, days 1-2). The patients' distribution and characteristics were similar in the two treatment arms. The objective response rate for etoposide was 7% versus 25.8% for etoposide plus cisplatin (P less than 0.005). Median progression-free survival in etoposide arm was 3.5 months versus 5 months in the combination arm (P = 0.43). The median survival time for etoposide was 6 months compared with 8 months for etoposide combined with cisplatin (P = 0.87). Significantly more nausea/vomiting (P less than 0.005), serum creatinine elevation (P less than 0.005), hearing loss and/or tinnitus (P less than 0.005), peripheral neuropathy (P less than 0.005), leukopenia (P less than 0.025), and anemia (P less than 0.005) occurred in the etoposide plus cisplatin arm. No statistically significant difference was recorded between the two arms in terms of performance status changes. In conclusion the addition of high-dose cisplatin to single-agent etoposide significantly increases the chance of obtaining tumor response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer at the cost of an increased toxicity without any significant long-term impact on survival and progression-free survival.
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PMID:Etoposide versus etoposide plus high-dose cisplatin in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Results of a prospective randomized FONICAP trial. Italian Lung Cancer Task Force. 216 39

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) was given as a single agent at a dose of 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days by continuous infusion; treatment was repeated every 4 weeks in 30 previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The median age of the patients was 61 years; 13 patients had limited disease and 17, extensive disease. The overall response rate was 40% (12/30; 95% confidence limits, 23-58%), with a median survival of 8 months. Vomiting was observed in 37% of patients; elevated serum creatinine levels (greater than 1.5 mg/dl), in 7%; leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3), in 39%; thrombocytopenia (less than 70,000/mm3), in 26%; and anemia (hemoglobin less than 9.5 g/dl), in 60% of patients. In all cases, these toxicities were mild and transient, requiring no dose modification. The exposure to filterable platinum, determined from the area under the concentration-time curve, was 9.08 +/- 3.21 micrograms h ml-1. We conclude that CDDP given by 5-day continuous i.v. infusion is safe and effective for treatment of NSCLC.
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PMID:Phase II study of 5-day continuous infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. 217 93

Multi-modality treatment consisting of cisplatin, VP-16, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy given concomitantly with external beam radiation was used to treat 64 patients with locally advanced Stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma. This regimen was used in a preoperative fashion for four cycles in patients considered surgically resectable and with curative intent for six cycles in the remainder of patients. The clinical response rate for the entire group was 84% and the overall local control rate was 74%. The median survival was 13 months with a median follow-up for live patients of 19 months. The actuarial 3-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 30% and 23%, respectively. Histologic complete response was 39% and appeared to predict for survival. The 3-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival rates for 23 resected patients were 69% and 45%, respectively, with the complete histologic responders having a disease-free survival of 78%. The pattern of first recurrence did not appear to differ by histology or presence of lymph nodes in this subset of patients. The actuarial 3-year survival and disease-free survival rates for inoperable patients receiving six cycles of treatment were 18% and 23%, respectively. The local control was 67% with the majority of these patients having Stage IIIB disease. The Mountain International staging system appeared to predict for operability, local recurrence, and survival. This concomitant treatment regimen is feasible, with the major toxicities being leukopenia, nausea, and vomiting.
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PMID:Combined modality therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. 217 69


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