Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

84 patients of leprosy including 15 female patients were treated with Clofzimine on a predetermined dosage regimen. 76 of these were cases of recurrent lepra reaction; 4 cases of proven DDS resistance, 3 of these being complicated by lepra reaction; and 4 were cases of reactional state in Borderline leprosy near the lepromatous end of the spectrum. The common side effect in all cases consisted of red and dark skin pigmentation of varying intensity occuring within 10 weeks of the commencement of therapy. The intensity of the colour was proportionate to the density of the infiltration. Ichthyosis occurred in 66.6% of cases. While the pigmentation was accepted by the patients in general, 10% of the patients considered ichthyosis as stigmatising. While side effects like anorexia, diarrhoea, enlargement of lymph glands and liver, corneal xerosis and loss of weight were self correcting, severe gastrointestinal manifestation, i.e. severe abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea were observed in 9 patients, 5 of whom were females. Mortality was high in the females. On an incidental finding the Isonizair reduced the severity of the manifestations, it was supplemented in 10 cases on Clofazimine therapy and was found to minimise the side effects and the pigmentation due to Clofazimine. Hydration therapy for the ichthyosis and instillation of normal saline and liquid paraffin for corneal xerosis were found to be very useful.
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PMID:Side effects of clofazimine therapy. 102 10

Dapsone (4-4-diaminodiphenyl-sulfone) is a member of the sulfone group of antibiotics used in the treatment of leprosy and various dermatitidies and more recently employed in the management of local reactions to the bite of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa. A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy. A case report of the hypersensitivity syndrome occurring in a patient being treated with dapsone for a brown recluse spider bite is presented.
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PMID:Case report: dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome associated with treatment of the bite of a brown recluse spider. 319 22

A male 26 years old patient with BB type of leprosy was encountered with a typical clinical presentations of up-grading (reversal) Type 1 Lepra Reaction. These included sudden appearance of tender, erythematous nodular eruptions mimicking ENL, severe constitutional symptoms like high grade fever, malaise, vomiting, epistaxis, joint pain and tenosynovitis simulating Type 2 Lepra Reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first such case in our hand.
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PMID:Type 1 (reversal) lepra reaction in borderline leprosy with unusual clinical presentation--a case report. 365 33

The level of dapsone in the blood 4 and 6 h after the ingestion of the 7th daily dose of 100 mg of the drug was investigated in 36 adult males with leprosy who had normal renal function and were free of diarrhoea and emesis. The bimodal distribution of the dapsone levels at 6 h was shown by multiple regression analysis to be due to a negative correlation between this trait and the haematocrit value. Among the patients with high dapsone blood levels, 81.8% presented haematocrit values under 36%, whereas only 20% of those with low levels showed low haematocrit values. Partial regression coefficients, calculated for the dapsone level on the age, weight of the patient, estimated number of years since the onset of leprosy, number of years under sulfone treatment, and blood levels of haemoglobin, albumin, and globulins, did not show statistical significance.
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PMID:Factors influencing the level of dapsone in blood. 454 97

A 13% incidence of hepatitis was observed among 54 cases of multibacillary leprosy treated daily with the three-drug combination of dapsone, rifampin, and a thioamide (ethionamide or prothionamide). No hepatitis was observed among 109 cases of paucibacillary leprosy treated daily with the two-drug combination of dapsone and rifampin. Symptoms were jaundice in five cases and nausea plus vomiting associated with a significant increase of transaminase levels in two cases. In five cases, the symptoms appeared during the first two months of therapy and in two cases, later. Discontinuing treatment with rifampin and the thioamide but not dapsone resulted in recovery. When rifampin was resumed without the thioamide, the hepatitis did not recur. Viral etiology could be eliminated in six cases. Neither sex, age, weight nor the fact that the patient was a new case or a relapse case appeared to be a contributing factor. Hepatotoxicity caused by administration of a thioamide might have been potentiated by the concurrent administration of rifampin.
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PMID:Hepatitis in leprosy patients treated by a daily combination of dapsone, rifampin, and a thioamide. 668 70

Proposing a medical diagnosis a posteriori of a person who died a long time ago is not as impossible as it sounds if sufficient medical history is available.A whole book of the Bible is devoted to Job and his trials. The diagnosis of leprosy has been generally accepted by medieval commentators because the verses of the Book speak of ulcers disseminated over the skin, and also because leprosy is an exemplary sanction imposed by way of example by God to punish those who have committed a sin. In this paper, we have taken the different verses with a medical content from the Book of Job, and reconstructed the clinical picture as if the patient had turned up in the 21st century in order to see if the diagnosis of leprosy may be called into question, and to discuss the limits of the medico-historic approach. The clinical picture of the disease consists of deterioration in the general condition, with widespread pain, confusion, skin eruptions, bilious vomiting, and so on. Under these conditions, if Job did exist, and if the retrospective medical history is reliable, the most likely diagnosis is that of scabies rather than leprosy.
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PMID:Job of the Bible: leprosy or scabies? 1751 61

Renal involvement in leprosy has been reported rarely in the literature. Acute kidney injury in patients with leprosy is uncommon and may occur due to acute tubular necrosis, drug-induced interstitial nephritis and rarely crescentic glomerulonephritis. The latter with histologic confirmation of the diagnosis has been reported in very few cases of leprosy. A 25-year-old male, on therapy for multibacillary leprosy, was found to have deranged renal functions on evaluation for a history of nausea, vomiting, swelling and episode of haematuria. Kidney biopsy was performed twice over a period of 2 weeks, showing progression from diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis to crescentic glomerulonephritis, pauci-immune in nature. The patient was treated aggressively with intravenous steroids, following which his renal functions stabilized. Crescentic glomerulonephritis, an extremely rare phenomenon in leprosy, should be considered in these patients presenting with features of acute kidney injury. Timely performed renal biopsy assists in accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the patient, hence preserving renal parenchyma. Rapid progression from diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis to crescentic glomerulonephritis in a patient with leprosy is described herein for the first time in the literature.
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PMID:Renal involvement in leprosy: report of progression from diffuse proliferative to crescentic glomerulonephritis. 2001 24

Daily rifampin therapy is associated with minimal adverse effects, but administration on an intermittent or interrupted basis has been associated with severe immunoallergic reactions such as hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. We describe a patient with Mycobacterium leprae infection who experienced recurrent episodes of disseminated intravascular coagulation after intermittent exposures to rifampin, and review eight previously reported cases of rifampin-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation. In six (75%) cases, previous exposure to rifampin was reported and seven (87.5%) patients were receiving the medication on an intermittent or interrupted basis. Clinical features of rifampin-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation included fever, hypotension, abdominal pain, and vomiting within hours of ingestion. Average time to reaction was 3-6 doses if rifampin was being administered on a monthly schedule. Three (37.5%) of eight reported cases were fatal. A complete history of previous exposure to rifampin is recommended before intermittent therapy with this medication.
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PMID:Recurrent disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by intermittent dosing of rifampin. 2230 61

Klebsiella is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes different types of health care-associated infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, surgical site infections and meningitis. We report here a case of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and Hansen's disease. A middle-aged man with a known case of diabetes mellitus and Hansen's disease presented with the complaints of blurred vision in the left eye and the patient was found to have cataract. Patient was operated for cataract and Intraocular lens implanted. Patient developed headache and vomiting on the 4th post-operative day. Lumbar puncture was carried out and gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid showed Gram-negative bacilli in the direct smear and culture yielded a heavy growth of K. pneumoniae. The patient was treated with antimicrobials according to the susceptibility pattern. He initially showed improvement but later on developed altered sensorium and hypotension. Patient succumbed to infection in spite of all medical attention.
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PMID:Fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and Hansen's disease. 2473 55

Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection can be a challenge. The key to a timely diagnosis is to have a high index of suspicion. We present a rare case of a 36-year-old human immunodeficiency virus negative male patient, who was on multidrug therapy for lepromatous leprosy and was treated for type 2 lepra reactions with steroids in the past. The patient presented with vomiting and pain abdomen, persistent hyponatremia, and terminal hypoglycemia. He had features of malnutrition and had a rapid downhill course following admission. A diagnosis of S. stercoralis hyperinfection with sepsis and multiorgan failure, adrenal hemorrhage, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion was established on a postmortem examination.
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PMID:A 36-year-old man with vomiting, pain abdomen, significant weight loss, hyponatremia, and hypoglycemia. 2654 76


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