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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty dogs with serologically proved parvovirus infection were radiographically evaluated for signs of gastrointestinal disease. Patient grouping was based on duration of illness, which correlated generally with severity of clinical signs. Early in the disease, the radiographic appearance usually was normal. As the disease progressed, abnormal gas and fluid distention of the small bowel became evident. Contrast radiographic findings usually were normal early in the disease but became abnormal as the disease progressed. Vomiting of the contrast agent, delayed gastrointestinal transit time, flocculation, and abnormal bowel patterns were observed frequently. It was concluded that noncontrast radiographic features of canine parvovirus enteritis often were similar to those identified in other gastrointestinal disorders and, therefore, were not always specific for the disease. Results of contrast radiography, however, were highly specific for parvovirus enteritis. Intestinal contrast examination was believed to be a reliable means of differentiating parvovirus enteritis from clinically similar disorders and in ruling out primary or secondary intestinal obstruction. The duration of illness was correlated with the number, severity, and nature of radiographic signs.
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PMID:Radiographic appearance of canine parvovirus enteritis. 705 62

To elucidate further the characteristics, optimal management and ultimate outcome of patients with primary mesenteric venous thrombosis, the records of nine such patients were analyzed. There were seven male and two female patients, with a mean age of 47 years. Abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and hematochezia were the characteristics presenting complaints. Tenderness, distention and diminished intestinal sounds were the prominent abdominal physical findings and were often associated with tachycardia and hypotension. No one of the laboratory findings were specifically diagnostic for mesenteric venous thrombosis, but leukocytosis and hemoconcentration were commonly found. Roentgenographic findings were consistent with intestinal obstruction in six patients. Thrombosis of the mesenteric veins could not be attributed to any specific cause in these nine patients, thereby warranting the classification of primary. At operation, all nine patients were found to have a segment of infarcted small intestine--132 +/- 105 centimeters--with obvious thrombosis of the mesenteric veins but with patent mesenteric arteries. Five patients had bloody ascites. Two deaths occurred in the immediate postoperative period, both being due to sudden and unexpected cardiopulmonary arrest. Neither of these two patients received anticoagulant therapy. Two patients had undergone segmental resection at other hospitals and were referred to our institution because of a recurrence of acute abdominal signs and symptoms. Neither of these patients received anticoagulant therapy. At reoperation, both had recurrent segmental mesenteric venous thrombosis. Familiarity with this condition is essential in making the correct diagnosis, so that resection may be undertaken promptly. Heparin should immediately be administered intravenously after establishing the diagnosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis to prevent recurrent thrombosis and other possible thrombotic complications. If these steps are taken expeditiously, the prognosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis is often favorable.
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PMID:Primary mesenteric venous thrombosis. 705 78

Incarcerated congenital diaphragmatic hernias are a rare cause of bowel obstruction in children. In the past 3 yr, we have treated three such diaphragmatic hernias: the first incarcerated and strangulated requiring bowel resection while the other two were incarcerated only. The difficulty in diagnosing this condition in illustrated by these cases. In all children with the triad of upper respiratory illness (URI) or infiltrate on chest x-ray, vomiting, and x-ray evidence of bowel obstruction, the diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with incarceration and bowel obstruction should be entertained.
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PMID:Incarcerated congenital diaphragmatic hernias with bowel obstruction (Bochdalek). 717 42

The clinical presentation, treatment, and results of 405 patients with mechanical small intestinal obstruction admitted to the Montefiore Hospital and North Central Bronx Hospitals were reviewed. The etiology of obstruction was adhesions 74%, malignancy 8.6%, hernia 8.1%, inflammatory bowel disease 5.2%, and miscellaneous causes 4.1%. The overall mortality rate for the series was 6.7%, and the incidence of bowel strangulation was 10.1%. Strangulation occurred in 33.3% of the hernia group, 9.0% of the adhesions group, and 2.8% of the malignancy group. The largest single cause of death was related to malignant disease--12 cases (44.4%). Six deaths (22.2%) were caused by bowel strangulation. Of the patients who received more than 24 hours of nonoperative therapy, 46% had relief of obstruction. There was no statistically significant difference in successful results between patients managed with long tubes compared to patients managed with nasogastric tubes. Conservative therapy for malignant obstruction was not successful in 85% of cases. The presence of bowel strangulation shows a positive correlation with age (greater than 70 years), feculant vomiting, peristaltic sounds, and a white blood cell count higher than 18,000/mm3. It shows no correlation with onset, localization or type of pain, duration of symptoms, temperature, tachycardia, or x-ray findings. The results of the study indicate that accurate criteria for small bowel obstruction therapy have not been clearly defined except in patients with incarcerated hernias. Nonoperative management is successful in a significnt percentage of patients.
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PMID:Small bowel obstruction: the role of nonoperative treatment in simple intestinal obstruction and predictive criteria for strangulation obstruction. 720 87

A patient with Foley catheter tube gastrostomy was seen with vomiting and jaundice resulting from the prolapse of the tube into the jejunum. Repositioning of the catheter results in complete resolution of symptoms. Migration of the inflated balloon of a Foley gastrostomy tube, causing high intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding, has been reported. Obstructive jaundice is another rare but reversible complication.
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PMID:Prolapse of Foley catheter gastrostomy tube causing obstructive jaundice. 732 48

Intussusception of the appendiceal stump is a rare complication of appendectomy. A patient is described in detail and the eighteen previously reported instances are reviewed. Symptoms associated with this entity were abdominal pain (95%), vomiting (47%), blood per rectum (26%), and a palpable abdominal mass (68%). The onset of symptoms occurred within two weeks following appendectomy in 84% of the patients. Barium enema examination was diagnostic in 87.5% of patients in whom it was performed. The diagnosis of intussusception of the appendiceal stump in the postoperative period is difficult because of the nonspecificity of symptoms, the paucity of physical findings, and the intermittent nature of the partial bowel obstruction. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are facilitated by a thorough knownledge of this rare complication of appendectomy.
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PMID:Intussusception of the appendiceal stump. 737 56

A phase I study of a new fluorinated pyrimidine, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), was performed by a multi-institutional clinical study group using a total of 111 patients with histologically proven malignancies. The characteristic toxic effects were a transient hot sensation and pollakiuria, which occurred 15-120 minutes after oral administration of the drug, continued for 30 minutes to 4 hours, and subsided spontaneously. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia, which are common with 5-FU administration, also occurred with HCFU but did so less frequently. The maximum tolerated dose for a single oral administration was estimated to be between 12 and 15 mg/kg and the optimal daily dose for continuous administration was considered to be between 9 and 18 mg/kg, with divided daily administration. Fifty-seven patients received 5-19 mg/kg/day of HCFU for > 4 weeks, including 31 patients with > 60 days' treatment. Cumulative doses were from 9.5 to 166.2 g, with a mean of 26.3 g. Hematopoietic toxicity was slight and hepatic toxicity was questionable. No renal or other cumulative toxicity was observed. In ten of the 57 patients, favorable clinical effects were seen: an active decrease in the size of the solid tumor (three patients), the disappearance of ascites (six), and the improvement of intestinal obstruction due to peritoneal carcinomatosis (one).
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PMID:Phase I study of a new antitumor drug, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), administered orally: an HCFU clinical study group report. 744 23

Seventy-four patients were operated on at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles between 1951 and 1977 for abnormalities of intestinal rotation with or without volvulus. The mortality in this group of patients was 4% and represents a significant improvement from the 23% mortality previously reported from this institution between 1937 and 1951. Neonatal patients had bilious vomiting and signs of high intestinal obstruction while older children had a more chronic course characterized by intermittent episodes of abdominal pain. Evaluation with contrast studies and early celiotomy is mandatory to prevent bowel necrosis. We outline the associated gastrointestinal anomalies and management of these combined anomalies.
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PMID:Malrotation of the midgut in infants and children: a 25-year review. 746 43

The authors report their experience with hepatic artery ligation in two newborns, as well as relevant findings from a literature review. A 2-day-old boy had progressive cardiac and respiratory difficulty. A firm liver was palpable, with an overlying thrill. Sonography and arteriography showed diffuse arteriovenous shunting in both liver lobes. Hepatic artery ligation provided remarkable hemodynamic and clinical improvement. Another boy was admitted 3 weeks after birth because of bilious vomiting with abdominal distension and bloody stools. Abdominal examination showed a large liver with a systolic bruit and thrill. X-rays showed cardiac enlargement and dilated bowel loops with air-fluid levels. Arteriography and sonography showed arteriovenous and arterioportal venous shunting. Laparotomy was performed, and a large vascular malformation was palpated in both liver lobes. The entire bowel was congested and cyanotic, but there were no signs of obstruction. This patient had acute portal hypertension imitating intestinal obstruction. Ligation of the hepatic artery improved the color of the bowel, and the thrill disappeared. Five and nearly 4 years after the operation, both boys are growing normally without medication or diet. Sonography showed almost complete resolution of the hemangiomas.
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PMID:Hepatic artery ligation for hepatic vascular tumors with arteriovenous and arterioportal venous shunts in the newborn: successful management of two cases and review of the literature. 747 64

A case of an incarcerated Richter's hernia in a 12-mm trocar site is presented. A 72 year old man underwent laparoscopic herniorrhapy because of a recurrent inguinal hernia. On the sixth postoperative day he developed abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. Plain abdominal X-ray showed bowel obstruction. Computed tomography with oral contrast showed herniation of small bowel above the fascia. The patient was immediately reoperated, the intestine was reduced, and the fascial defect at the trocar site closed. Three days later he underwent surgery again due to a small perforation of the small bowel and a persistent fascial defect. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Herniation through a trocar site is a rare complication-incarceration extremely rare. We recommend that all fascial defects of 10 mm or more are closed sufficiently.
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PMID:[Richter hernia in trocar site after laparoscopic herniotomy]. 748 3


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