Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy & safety profile of three different antituberculous regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis. The study sample size included 90 newly diagnosed, sputum positive patients of pulmonary. tuberculosis. 30 each from different groups. The parameters studied were, therapeutic efficacy included weight gain, cough, sputum examination and safety profile: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastritis, hepatitis, jaundice diarrhoea, rashes, dizziness, tingling & numbness, flu like symptoms & joint aches. Group-I showed statistically significant weight gain when compared to Group-II. Improvement in cough and conversion to smear negative were seen in 100% of patients in Group-I, 83.3% of patients in Group-II and 93.3% of patients in Group-III. Therapeutic efficacy was highest with Group I regimen, followed by Group III and Group II which was least efficacious. Group II also registered; the maximum cost and highest incidence of adverse effects.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety profile of three anti-tuberculous regimens in Mangalore. 1264 66

Differentiation between abacavir hypersensitivity and viral respiratory infections is problematic. Fifteen cases of abacavir hypersensitivity were matched to 30 controls with culture proven influenza A with no abacavir exposure. Rash was associated with hypersensitivity (odds ratio [OR] = 13.1, P = 0.02) as was the presence of nausea (OR = 30, P < 0.001), vomiting (OR = 17.1, P = 0.001) or diarrhoea (OR = 22, P < 0.001). The number of gastrointestinal symptoms was also predictive of hypersensitivity reaction (P < 0.001). Respiratory symptoms (cough, sore throat, or dyspnoea) were not associated with abacavir hypersensitivity (OR = 0.08, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the following associations for abacavir hypersensitivity: the number of gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0032), cough (OR = 0.039, P = 0.02) and rash (OR = 16.9, P = 0.07). Abacavir hypersensitivity is strongly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Cough without GI symptoms is associated with influenza.
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PMID:Comparison of symptoms of influenza A with abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reaction. 1286 29

From January 2001 to July 2002, we investigated the duration of fever, the duration of hospitalization, the frequency of antipyretic use, and other clinical symptoms of 162 inpatients with influenza A virus infection, and compared them with oseltamivir-treated, amantadine-treated, and untreated groups. The duration of fever and the duration of hospitalization treated were significantly shortened in the oseltamivir-treated group than in the amantadine-treated group and untreated group. There was no difference in the duration of fever between patients treated by oseltamivir at 2 mg/kg/day and those at 4 mg/kg/day. The frequency of antipyretic use was lower in the oseltamivir-treated group than in the other group. No difference was observed in the duration of fever and the frequency of antipyretic use between patients treated by oseltamivir with antibiotics and those by oseltamivir alone. The complications such as vomiting, abdominal pain, irritability were observed in 9% of patients treated by oseltamivir. But those symptoms were not serious, and the rate of complications in the oseltamivir-treated group was lower than that in untreated group. In conclusion, oseltamivir is safe and effective in the treatment of influenza virus infection in children, and it may reduce the amount of antibiotics and antipyretic use.
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PMID:[The study on efficacy of oseltamivir for influenza A in children]. 1467 10

The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has established a syndromic surveillance system that monitors emergency department visits to detect disease outbreaks early. Routinely collected chief complaint information is transmitted electronically to the health department daily and analyzed for temporal and spatial aberrations. Respiratory, fever, diarrhea, and vomiting are the key syndromes analyzed. Statistically significant aberrations or "signals" are investigated to determine their public health importance. In the first year of operation (November 15, 2001, to November 14, 2002), 2.5 million visits were reported from 39 participating emergency departments, covering an estimated 75% of annual visits. Most signals for the respiratory and fever syndromes (64% and 95%, respectively) occurred during periods of peak influenza A and B activity. Eighty-three percent of the signals for diarrhea and 88% of the signals for vomiting occurred during periods of suspected norovirus and rotavirus transmission.
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PMID:Syndromic surveillance in public health practice, New York City. 1520 Aug 20

The prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unsatisfactory to date. Combined immunochemotherapy (ICT) strives for a synergistic effect avoiding a substantial increase of therapy-related adverse events. The combination therapy regimes consisting of either interferon-alpha-2a/vinblastine (IFN-alpha2a/VBL) or interferon-alpha-2a/interleukin-2/5-fluorouracil (IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU) demonstrated objective remission rates, surpassing the results obtained with the administration of single immunotherapeutic agents. Despite the data from a recently published study, the role of these two therapy combinations did not seem clearly defined. Therefore, we compared the impact of IFN-alpha2a/VBL and IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU on remission and survival as well as the safety profile in a retrospective study in patients with metastatic RCC. In a retrospective single-center study, 105 patients with metastatic RCC having received treatment between 1992 and 2002 with either s.c. IFN-alpha2a/ i.v. VBL ( n=70, group 1) or s.c. IFN-alpha2a/ s.c. IL-2/ i.v. 5-FU ( n=35, group 2) were evaluated. At a median follow-up of 17 months, remission and survival rates as well as the toxicity profiles of the respective groups were documented and compared. The median age throughout the entire patient population was 61 years. Patients in the IFN-alpha2a/VBL group reached a median overall survival of 20 months compared to 17 months for the patients in the IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU population ( p=0.850). The objective response rate in the first patient group reached 25.7%, whereas the tumor remission rate of group 2 amounted to 22.9% ( p=0.680). Patients showing an objective response reached a significantly higher survival rate than patients without response reaction (median survival was 36 vs 10 months, p=0.0001). The incidence of each therapy-induced adverse event was higher throughout the second treatment group. These differences were significant with respect to flu-like symptoms (85.7 vs 57.1%, p=0.003), grade 3/4 elevations of liver enzymes (14.3 vs 1.4%, p=0.007), nausea/vomiting (74.3 vs 50%, p=0.017), the severity of erythemas (74.3 vs 10%, p<0.001), and patients with lung edema (17.1 vs 2.9%, p=0.009). Eight patients discontinued the ICT, two of whom died of a myocardial infarction.Despite an overall limited prognosis, patients showing a tumor remission seem to benefit from ICT in terms of overall survival. While both treatment options offer comparable remission and survival rates, the IFN-alpha2a/VBL regimen induces fewer adverse events than the treatment with IFN-alpha2a/IL-2/5-FU.
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PMID:[Impact of immunochemotherapy on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A retrospective study comparing interferon-alpha-2a/vinblastine versus interferon-alpha-2a/interleukin-2/5-fluorouracil]. 1523 86

Limitation of a bioterrorist anthrax attack will require rapid and accurate recognition of the earliest victims. To identify clinical characteristics of inhalational anthrax, we compared 47 historical cases (including 11 cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax) with 376 controls with community-acquired pneumonia or influenza-like illness. Nausea, vomiting, pallor or cyanosis, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and raised haematocrit were more frequently recorded in the inhalational anthrax cases than in either the community-acquired pneumonia or influenza-like illness controls. The most accurate predictor of anthrax was mediastinal widening or pleural effusion on a chest radiograph. This finding was 100% sensitive (95% CI 84.6-100.0) for inhalational anthrax, 71.8% specific (64.8-78.1) compared with community-acquired pneumonia, and 95.6% specific (90.0-98.5) compared with influenza-like illness. Our findings represent preliminary efforts toward identifying clinical predictors of inhalational anthrax.
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PMID:Clinical predictors of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. 1565

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is used commonly in patients with severe aplastic anemia and those undergoing renal transplant. Its utility also is being explored in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease. As indications for ATG expand, knowledge regarding its administration and management of associated toxicities is needed. These toxicities range from life-threatening anaphylaxis associated with the infusion to flu-like symptoms that occur one to two weeks after the infusion. Adverse effects are classified according to the severity and system impacted. Mild toxicities respond to comfort measures and include fever, chills, urticarial rash, and vomiting. Moderate toxicities require acute interventions and include fluid-responsive hypotension, nonischemic chest pain, and reversible oxygen desaturation. Severe toxicities require intensive support and include those refractory to earlier intervention. Management of these toxicities usually is limited to fluid resuscitation and noninvasive monitoring. Occurrence of infusion-related toxicities may require premature discontinuation of therapy. Therefore, an educated healthcare team and interdisciplinary clinical management guidelines are important to ensure the safe administration and complete course of ATG.
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PMID:Management of patients receiving antithymocyte globulin for aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. 1563 53

The highest body temperature and clinical symptoms during the influenza infection were analyzed on 2,145 patients with influenza, (type A: 1,408cases, type B: 737cases: confirmed by a rapid diagnosis kit, Capilia FluA, B), and for 670 patients with a negative response to the rapid diagnosis kit (controls). The study was a multi-center study of the 2002-2003 influenza season. The percentages of patients with fever over 38 degrees C, 38.5 degrees C and 39 degrees C were significantly higher in influenza A than in influenza B or controls (16-64 yrs). Over 80% of the patients in all age groups of 0-6 yrs, 7-15 yrs, 16-64 yrs or over 64 yrs with influenza A or B had a cough. The percentage of patients with cough was significantly higher for patients with influenza A or B than for controls under 65 yrs. The percentages of influenza A or B patients with rhinorrhea or loss of appetite were significantly higher than in controls under 65 yrs. The percentage of patients reporting fatigue, headache or myalgia was significantly higher for influenza A than for controls of 16-64 yrs. Differences in symptoms, including fever, were minimal between influenza A and B patients under 16 yrs, and also among influenza A, B and controls in patients over 64 yrs. The percentage of patients with cough was not different among the three age groups by influenza A or B. However, the percentage of patients with rhinorrhea, loss of appetite, vomiting or diarrhea was higher in children under 16 yrs than in adults aged 16-64 yrs in influenza A or B. In conclusion, consideration must be given to the patient's age and the type of influenza when doing a symptomatic diagnosis of influenza. In addition, the use of a rapid diagnosis kit seems necessary for the diagnosis of influenza in elderly patients, who may have no specific symptoms of influenza.
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PMID:[Clinical symptoms of influenza infection in the 2002-2003 season]. 1547 43

Hospital emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance has been proposed for early detection of a large-scale biologic terrorist attack. However, questions remain regarding its usefulness. The authors examined the use of active syndromic surveillance at hospital EDs in Virginia for early detection of disease events and analyzed the effectiveness of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm in identifying disease events from syndromic data. Daily chief-complaint data were collected for 10 months at seven hospital EDs in southeastern Virginia. Data were categorized into seven syndromes (fever, respiratory distress, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, disorientation, and sepsis), and the CUSUM algorithm was used to detect anomalies in each of the seven syndromes at each hospital. Fever and respiratory distress syndromes exhibited monthly and ambient-temperature-specific trends consistent with southeastern Virginia's influenza season. Furthermore, preliminary frequencies of hospital ED patient chief complaints in southeastern Virginia during a 10-month period were produced by using syndromic data. This system represents an example of a local syndromic surveillance program serving multiple cities in a limited geographic region.
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PMID:Syndromic surveillance at hospital emergency departments--southeastern Virginia. 1571 30

The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of infection by respiratory viruses in preterm infants submitted to mechanical ventilation, and to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and radiological patterns of viral infections among hospitalized infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with any kind of acute respiratory failure. Seventy-eight preterm infants were studied from November 2000 to September 2002. The newborns were classified into two groups: with viral infection (Group I) and without viral infection (Group II). Respiratory viruses were diagnosed in 23 preterm infants (29.5%); the most frequent was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (14.1%), followed by influenza A virus (10.2%). Rhinorrhea, wheezing, vomiting and diarrhea, pneumonia, atelectasis, and interstitial infiltrate were significantly more frequent in newborns with nosocomial viral infection. There was a correlation between nosocomial viral infection and low values of C-reactive protein. Two patients with mixed infection from Group I died during the hospital stay. In conclusion, RSV was the most frequent virus in these patients. It was observed that, although the majority of viral lower respiratory tract infections had a favorable course, some patients presented a serious and prolonged clinical manifestation, especially when there was concomitant bacterial or fungal infection.
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PMID:Incidence of respiratory viruses in preterm infants submitted to mechanical ventilation. 1572 73


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