Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some clinical isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) lack bundle-forming pili and are termed atypical EPEC. The aim of this study was to determine if atypical EPEC are pathogens by comparing the clinical features of patients infected with atypical EPEC with those of children infected with other causative agents of diarrhea. Fecal samples obtained from children attending the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne for investigation of diarrhea were examined for adenovirus, rotavirus, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., protozoa, and pathogenic E. coli. Clinical data were obtained by using a standardized pro forma and analyzed separately. Patients infected with atypical EPEC experienced mild, nondehydrating, and noninflammatory diarrhea that was not particularly associated with fever, vomiting, or abdominal pain. However, the duration of diarrhea in patients infected with atypical EPEC was significantly longer than that caused by the other species or where no pathogens were identified. Infection with atypical EPEC is associated with prolonged diarrhea.
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PMID:Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection and prolonged diarrhea in children. 1671 76

An 11-year-old girl presented to a central California children's hospital with a 3-day history of erythematous lesions on her forehead, neck, and trunk, abdominal pain, persistent emesis, and decreased urinary output. One day prior to admission she had a mild bout of diarrhea with a small amount of blood in her stool. Upon admission her condition rapidly worsened with acute renal failure, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. One of the possible causes of this condition included hemolytic uremic syndrome. Stool cultures of this patient tested at the children's hospital and at a state reference laboratory were repeatedly negative for Escherichia coli O157:H7. However, the state reference laboratory detected a toxigenic strain of Hafnia alvei active on Vero cells from two consecutive stool cultures during the acute phase of her illness.
Infection 2006 Aug
PMID:Isolation of toxigenic Hafnia alvei from a probable case of hemolytic uremic syndrome. 1689 83

Rotaviruses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 92 out of 374 faecal samples collected between November 2003 and October 2004 at the Markaz Tebbi Koudakan Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from children aged 6 months to 5 years. Analysis of clinical and disease severity data showed a significant association between rotavirus infection and diarrhoea, vomiting and severe dehydration. Ninety-two samples (64 rotavirus ELISA-positive and 28 ELISA-negative samples) were sent to the Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency, UK for rotavirus characterization by G-typing, P-typing and subgrouping (SG) using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, semi-nested PCR and sequencing methods. In this study, both common and uncommon rotavirus genotypes were detected. The most prevalent types were G1P[8], SGII (59.2%) followed by G9P[8] SGII (15.5%) which has not been previously reported from Iran. Unusual genotypes G1P[10] SGI (2.8%) and G12P[8] SGII (1.4%) and strains derived from reassortment between common co-circulating genotypes such as G1P[4] SGII represented 5.6% of strains. Mixed infections with combinations of G1+G4P[8] SGII and G1+G9P[8] SGII were also found. This contrasts with previous reports from Iran in which a small number of common rotavirus strains (G1 and G4) were found. This study highlights the need for continued surveillance and characterization of rotaviruses to take account of the rapid evolution and introduction of novel rotaviruses into the human population.
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PMID:Rotavirus VP7, VP4 and VP6 genotypes co-circulating in Tehran, Iran, between 2003 and 2004. 1710 72

Currently, randomized phase III trials have demonstrated that docetaxel is an effective strategy in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. However, previous attempts to incorporate docetaxel with an anthracycline in a dose-dense regimen have been unsuccessful. Therefore, new schedules containing both drugs should be explored. Forty-four patients with high-risk operable breast cancer entered this feasibility study. They were treated with three cycles of epirubicin 110 mg/m2 every 2 wk with G-CSF followed by three cycles of "intensified" CMF (840 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide; 57 mg/m2 methotrexate; 840 mg/m2 fluorouracil) every 2 wk with G-CSF followed 3 wk later by nine weekly cycles of 35 mg/m2 docetaxel (E-CMF-doc). Totally, 39 patients (89%) received all cycles of chemotherapy. The vast majority (92%) of cycles were administered at full dose. Therefore, dose intensity was sufficiently maintained for all drugs. Toxicity was generally mild to moderate. Most frequently recorded side effects apart from alopecia were neutropenia (54%) and nausea/vomiting (89%). Infection developed in nine patients. Two cases of febrile neutropenia were reported. The E-CMF-doc regimen, as used in this study, is feasible and well tolerated. Its impact on survival should be evaluated in phase III trials.
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PMID:Adjuvant dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin, CMF, and weekly docetaxel is feasible and safe in patients with operable breast cancer. 1730 6

The recent unfortunate rabies transmissions through solid organ transplants of an infected donor in Germany required the initiation of a vaccination program to protect health care workers (HCWs) with close contact to rabies-infected patients. A systematic follow-up of adverse effects was initiated. Rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) was started in 269 HCWs at four German hospitals. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreEP) was administered to 74 HCWs caring for an already diagnosed rabies patient. At each vaccination date, HCWs were interviewed for symptoms possibly representing adverse effects. Adverse effects of PEP and PrePEP were compared. Out of 269 HCWs, 216 were included for the investigation of adverse effects. Of these 216 HCWs, 114 (53%) individuals developed at least one systemic adverse effect. Incidences of tiredness (30.6%), malaise (26.4%), headache (26.9%), dizziness (14.8%), and chills (13.0%) declined in the course of PEP (p < 0.05), whereas incidences of fever (7.4%), paraesthesias (7.9%), arthralgias (1.9%), myalgias (4.2%), nausea (9.3%), diarrheas (2.8%) and vomiting (1.4%) did not. In 11 (5.1%) HCWs PEP was discontinued mostly due to adverse reactions (four suffered strong headaches, two HCWs meningeal irritations, two chills, one paraesthesia, one malaise, and one a rush). Systemic effects of PEP or PreEP did not differ significantly. Despite relatively high incidences of moderate severe adverse reactions rabies PEP is safe. Strong headache, tiredness, dizziness, and paraesthesias are the most important postvaccinal symptoms. Vaccinees suffering from adverse effects of PEP must be strongly encouraged to complete PEP, as it is to date the only protection against fatal rabies.
Infection 2007 Jun
PMID:Adverse effects of rabies pre- and postexposure prophylaxis in 290 health-care-workers exposed to a rabies infected organ donor or transplant recipients. 1764 9

Infections by Salmonella enteritidis commonly present with diarrhoea, vomiting and fever and complications such as septicaemia, pleural effusion and acute renal failure are usually rare. There are only few reports of cutaneous manifestations and especially septic shock in patients with Salmonella enteritidis infection. We report on a previously healthy seven-year-old boy suffering from Salmonella enteritidis septicaemia presenting with septic shock, pleural effusion, renal failure and an unusual maculopapular skin eruption on both wrists and ankles. The boy had no underlying immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[Salmonella enteritidis infection presenting with septic shock, renal failure and cutaneous manifestations]. 1768 54

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus and is an important human pathogen. Infection of humans by CHIKV can cause a syndrome characterized by fever, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, arthralgia and occasionally neurological manifestations such as acute limb weakness. It is also associated with a fatal haemorrhagic condition. CHIKV is geographically distributed from Africa through Southeast Asia and South America, and its transmission to humans is mainly through the Aedes aegypti species mosquitoes. The frequency of recent epidemics in the Indian Ocean and La Reunion islands suggests that a new vector perhaps is carrying the virus, as A. aegypti are not found there. In fact, a relative the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, may be the culprit which has raised concerns in the world health community regarding the potential for a CHIK virus pandemic. Accordingly steps should be taken to develop methods for the control of CHIKV. Unfortunately, currently there is no specific treatment for Chikungunya virus and there is no vaccine currently available. Here we present data of a novel consensus-based approach to vaccine design for CHIKV, employing a DNA vaccine strategy. The vaccine cassette was designed based on CHIKV capsid- and envelope-specific consensus sequences with several modifications, including codon optimization, RNA optimization, the addition of a Kozak sequence, and a substituted immunoglobulin E leader sequence. The expression of capsid, envelope E1 and E1 was evaluated using T7-coupled transcription/translation and immunoblot analysis. A recently developed, adaptive constant-current electroporation technique was used to immunize C57BL/6 mice with an intramuscular injection of plasmid coding for the CHIK-Capsid, E1 and E2. Analysis of cellular immune responses, including epitope mapping, demonstrates that electroporation of these constructs induces both potent and broad cellular immunity. In addition, antibody ELISAs demonstrate that these synthetic immunogens are capable of inducing high titer antibodies capable of recognizing native antigen. Taken together, these data support further study of the use of consensus CHIK antigens in a potential vaccine cocktail.
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PMID:Immunogenicity of novel consensus-based DNA vaccines against Chikungunya virus. 1847 43

On July 10, 2004, staff members at a children's hospital in Texas noted that six infants with pertussis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing had all been born during June 4-16 at the same area general hospital. The infants had symptoms consistent with pertussis, including cough, congestion, cyanosis, emesis, or apnea. Infection-control personnel at the general hospital (general hospital A), children's hospital (children's hospital A), and the county health department investigated and determined that an outbreak of pertussis among 11 newborns at general hospital A had occurred after direct exposure to a health-care worker (HCW) with pertussis. This report describes the outbreak investigation and highlights the importance of following recommendations to administer tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to HCWs to prevent transmission of pertussis to patients.
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PMID:Hospital-acquired pertussis among newborns--Texas, 2004. 1852 16

Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode parasite, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Infection usually remains asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised hosts hyperinfection and dissemination can occur, which has a high mortality. Early detection of S. stercoralis may alter the fatal course of infection. We present our experience of five patients with S. stercoralis hyperinfection diagnosed by endoscopic duodenal and jejunal biopsy in northern India. A predisposing factor was present in all patients in the form of corticosteroid intake, chronic liver disease and panhypogammaglobulinaemia. Common gastrointestinal symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea, vomiting and weight loss with evidence of malabsorption. The initial stool examination and peripheral blood eosinophil count were normal in all patients. Strongyloidiasis was not suspected clinically in any patient and the diagnosis was achieved on endoscopic biopsy. Three of the patients with disseminated disease developed fatal Gram-negative systemic infection. This study highlights the importance of considering strongyloidiasis in all patients on immunosuppressive drug therapy who present with gastrointestinal symptoms so that the patient can be appropriately investigated and promptly treated. In endemic regions, patients with systemic Gram-negative bacterial infections without an obvious cause should be tested for strongyloidiasis.
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PMID:Intestinal strongyloidiasis: a diagnosis frequently missed in the tropics. 1880 29

Salmonella infection can cause an asymptomatic intestinal carrier state or clinical diseases such as enterocolitis presenting abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Salmonella usually invades Peyer's patch of terminal ileum or ascending colon. Sepsis is not common and acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis is rare. The causes of rhabdomyolysis are trauma, excessive exercise, alcohol, seizure, metabolic abnormality, and infection. Infections account for less than 5% of the reported causes of rhabdomyolysis and resulting acute renal failure. The mechanisms underlying rhabdomyolysis due to infection are direct muscle invasion, toxin production, and nonspecific effects that can occur with infections such as fever, dehydration, acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance. We report a case of sepsis and acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis associated with Salmonella infection.
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PMID:[A case of sepsis and acute renal failure associated with salmonella enterocolitis]. 1907 3


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