Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

28 women with amenorrhea-galactorrhea were investigated endocrinologically and treated with bromocryptine 2.5 mg twice daily, ranging from 18 to 150 days. These women were classified into 6 with hypothyroidism, having prolactin (PRL) over 30 ng/ml, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) over 8 mcU/ml, luteinizing hormone (LH)6-20 mlU/ml and greater than follicle stimulating hormone (FSH); 8 with radiologically diagnosed pituitary tumors, LH, FSH, and increased PRL; 9 with similar endocrine profiles and suspected pituitary tumors; and 3 with high PRL considered idiopathic. 5 of the hypothyroid group were followed, and achieved ovulation, reduced TSH, PRL, and lactation, and 3 became pregnant. Of the 8 with tumors, 5 menstruated, 4 ovulated, 3 conceived, 3 had reduced lactation, 2 had reduced PRL, and 1 failed to respond clinically; 9 with suspected tumors took bromocryptine for at least 20 days, resulting in 4 pregnancies and 3 with regular menses. The 3 idiopathic cases showed lower PRL and regular ovarian function, 1 pregnancy, yet 1 developed pseudocyesis and recurrent galactorrhea. 2 women had to stop bromocryptine because of vomiting. This drug is longer-acting than L-dopa and safer than estrogen-progestagen combinations in cases of pituitary tumors. Bromocryptine reduces galactorrhea and associated hypothyroidism temporarily.
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PMID:Bromocryptine therapy in cases of amenorrhea-galactorrhea. 57 72

Infants with athyrotic hypothyroidism usually manifest signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism prior to or during the period in the newborn nursery. These features are variable and include: prolonged gestation with large size at birth, large posterior fontanel, respiratory distress, hypothermia, peripheral cyanosis, hypoactivity, poor feeding, lag in onset of stooling, abdominal distension with vomiting, protracted icterus, and/or edema. Retrospective assessment of newborn nursery records of three infants from the Collaborative Perinatal Project who were subsequently found to have congenital hypothyroidism disclosed that they had six, eight, and nine, respectively, of these features while in the newborn nursery. Evaluation of newborn records on 12 other infants, often less complete, who were later found to have congenital hypothyroidism disclosed that each infant had from one to seven of these signs and symptoms, with an average of 3.2 per infant. Thus the most important period for clinical consideration of athyrotic hypothyroidism is in the newborn nursery to initiate early thyroid replacement therapy in affected infants.
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PMID:Congenital hypothyroidism--signs and symptoms in the newborn period. 123 54

MOST IMPORTANT OBSERVATIONS: (FROM COUNTRY-WIDE POPULATION STUDIES) 1. In some voivodships localized in south-east and north-east parts of Poland thyroids of young children would, without protective measures, accumulate more then 60 MsV of radioiodine, thus exceeding intervention level settled for the country. 2. Thyroid function of newborns exposed to radioiodine during neonatal life was normal and frequency of neonatal hypothyroidism similar to that seen in years before Czernobyl accident. 3. Potassium iodide administrated to newborns in some of them profuced transient rise of TSH (Wolff-Chaikoff phenomenon), thus suggesting, that ki dose settled for newborns could be to high. 4. Thyroid radioiodine dose accumulated in thyroids of older children, teenagers and adults was in majority of regions well below the dose of 50 MsV. 5. The frequency of non-toxic diffuse goiter, especially in traditional endemic goiter area was found to be high, but is also relatively high in others regions of Poland and seems to depend on iodine deficiency or relative iodine deficiency. 6. The frequency of other thyroid disorders is within the limit reported in countries with relative iodine deficiency. 7. More than 95% of children and teenagers took protective, single dose of potassium iodide (about 10 millions). 8. Approximately 27% of adults took protective dose of potassium iodide (about 7 millions). 9. Organization of protective action in 11 north-east and south-east voivodoships was good about 75% of all obtain ki solution within 24 hours. In the rest of the country where protective action was ordered april 30, in afternoon hrs only about 25% obtained ki the same day and the rest during next 48-72 hrs. 10. The fact that prior to the protective action limited number of children was given iodine alcohol solution permitted for external use speaks about the fear and panic observed in Poland in first days after Czernobyl accident. 11. Extrathyroidal side-effects after ki administration appeared in about 5% were usually light or moderate and in majority of cases disappearing without medical assistance. Vomiting was most commonly seen side-effect in young children, thus suggesting that either dose, or the chemical form of the drug for this group of age was unproper. 12. Intrathyroidal side-effects of single dose of ki was rare phenomenon seen mostly in newborns, very young children and some adults with history of thyroid disease in the past. 13. Its possible that even small dose of radioiodine accumulated in thyroid produce immunological response leading to the appearance of thyroid antibodies in blood serum.
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PMID:[Results of studies performed with the MZ-XVII program on a national scale; summary and conclusions]. 136 84

Twenty-eight patients with histologically proven metastatic or invasive, unresectable pheochromocytomas, which were shown to concentrate and retain tracer doses of [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG), were treated with therapeutic quantities of this radiopharmaceutical. Between one and six doses ranging from 97 to 301 mCi (cumulative dose 111-916 mCi) were administered. Partial response in tumor size was achieved in 8/28 patients and partial biochemical responses in 12/28 patients. No pharmacological toxicity was observed. Mild radiation sickness (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) occurred in 21/28. Minor degrees of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 3/28. There were three cases of hypothyroidism but no significant hepatic, renal, adrenocortical or autonomic nervous dysfunction. We conclude that therapeutic 131I-MIBG can achieve significant therapeutic responses in some cases of malignant pheochromocytoma without pharmacological toxicity and only mild radiotoxicity.
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PMID:Radiopharmaceutical therapy of malignant pheochromocytoma with [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine: results from ten years of experience. 182 34

A phase I trial of Roussel-Uclaf recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL 2) was performed on 31 cancer bearing patients of the Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, and the Institut Curie, Paris. This study allowed to define a schedule for administration of IL 2 in continuous infusion over 5 day cycles. This schedule is manageable in patients without major visceral failure. It is reproducibly feasible in conventional medical oncology units, without specialized intensive care facilities. Toxicities, although numerous, are acceptable for IL 2 doses below 24,000,000 IU/m2/day. There is a close relationship between secondary effect severity and IL 2 doses received. Main toxicities were: fever with chills, fatigue and general discomfort in 23 patients, nauseas and vomiting in 12, diarrhea in 10 and cutaneous rashes with erythema and dermal vascularitis in 13. One peculiar feature of this study was the minimal occurrence of manifestation related to leaky capillary syndrome prominant in other studies. Oliguria, functional renal failure and edema were observed in only 4 patients with functionally unique kidney. Five patients had severe anemia, 2 grade III thrombocytopenia, 1 grade IV hepatic cytolysis, 4 severe confusion episodes and 2 hypothyroidism with anti-thyroid microsome auto-antibodies. All these toxicities were reversible after withdrawal of IL 2 treatment. During this phase I trial, 3 therapeutic objective responses were observed, all 3 occurring in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with IL 2 doses equal to, or above 16,000,00 IU/m2/d. Recombinant IL 2 Roussel-Uclaf thus can be administered through a simple, manageable and efficient regimen.
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PMID:[Phase I trial of a recombinant human interleukin 2. Results in patients with disseminated solid tumors]. 182 63

Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were studied in 36 mixed-bred dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to 7 groups. Significant increases (P less than 0.05) of serum thyroxine (T4) values occurred as early as 2 hours and reached a peak at 6 to 8 hours after IV injection of 300 to 1,100 micrograms of TRH. Thyroxine concentrations in response to a TRH dose greater than 500 micrograms were similar to those observed with the 300-micrograms dose. Transient coughing, vomiting, salivation, and defecation after large doses (900 and 1,100 micrograms) were observed. Mean serum T4 concentration decreased from 2.1 micrograms/dl to 0.9 micrograms/dl within 1 day of thyroidectomy. Clinical signs of hypothyroidism, including lethargy, dry coats, and diffuse alopecia, were present in 2 dogs at a month after surgical operation. Thyroxine concentrations were detectable for greater than 2 months. Injection (IV) of 700 micrograms of TRH 6 weeks after surgical operation had no effect on serum concentration of T4 in thyroidectomized dogs. In 5 T4-treated dogs, TRH (700 micrograms, IV) significantly increased the serum T4 value, indicating that pituitary thyrotropes were responsive to TRH, in spite of daily medication of 0.8 mg of T4. Four dogs were treated orally with 200 mg of propylthiouracil/day for 5 weeks. Intravenous injection of 700 micrograms of TRH in propylthiouracil-treated dogs had no effect on the serum T4 concentration, indicating that TRH had no effect on serum T4 values in these dogs during the experimental period. These results indicate that TRH can replace bovine thyrotropin for the canine thyroid function test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in healthy, thyroidectomized, thyroxine-treated, and propylthiouracil-treated dogs. 308 Sep 28

We describe a 47 year old woman with a 30-year history of generalized myasthenia gravis whose condition had been stable and well controlled on a combination of pyridostigmine and ephedrine until she presented. At this time she gave a 2 month history of weakness, nausea, vomiting and more recently intermittent confusion. Investigations confirmed both primary hypothyroidism and primary adrenal failure (Schmidt syndrome). The autoimmune aetiology of these three conditions was confirmed by positive acetylcholine receptor, adrenal and thyroid microsomal antibodies.
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PMID:Myasthenia gravis and Schmidt syndrome. 325 19

Atherosclerosis was diagnosed on necropsy in 21 dogs in a 14-year period. Nine dogs died and 12 were euthanatized because of complications associated with the disease. The mean age was 8.5 +/- 0.5 years; 18 dogs were male. Three breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Doberman Pinscher, and Labrador Retriever) had a higher prevalence of the disease than other breeds in the canine necropsy population of The Animal Medical Center. Most common clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, weakness, dyspnea, collapse, and vomiting. Hypercholesterolemia, lipidemia, and hypothyroidism were common in affected dogs tested, and protein electrophoresis revealed high values for alpha 2 and beta fractions in all dogs tested. Electrocardiography indicated conduction abnormalities and myocardial infarction in 3 of 7 dogs. Necropsy revealed that affected arteries (including coronary, myocardial, renal, carotid, thyroidal, intestinal, pancreatic, splenic, gastric, prostatic, cerebral, and mesenteric) were yellow-white, thick and nodular, and had narrow lumens. Myocardial fibrosis and infarction also were observed in the myocardium. Histologically, affected arterial walls contained foamy cells or vacuoles, cystic spaces, mineralized material, debris with or without eroded intima, and degenerated muscle cells.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic findings in dogs with atherosclerosis: 21 cases (1970-1983). 374 84

In outlining the pathology of various electrolyte metabolism abnormalities in cancer patients we considered the main clinical points between pathologies and emergency treatment. In regard to sodium (Na+) metabolism, one pathologic state that requires our attention is hypernatremia. Hypernatremia is accompanied with dehydration and is due to water loss, vomiting, diarrhea and renal insufficiency. One of the major causes of this condition is lack of the antidiuretic hormone due to intracranial metastasis of the tumor. When hypernatremia becomes severe, it is accompanied with circulatory failure, muscular asthenia, disorientation, convulsions, coma and other cerebral symptoms. Treatment consists of replenishing the water content by infusion of electrolyte solutions which should be carefully conducted after complete diagnose of the severity of the patient's pathological condition. Hyponatremia, like sick cell syndrome, is observed relatively frequently in cancer patients. When the serum Na level falls markedly, it induces cerebral edema and causes disorders of consciousness. The major treatment consists of providing both water and sodium supplements. Hyperkalemia is observed at the time of renal insufficiency, tissue lesions, vomiting, and diarrhea. When serum potassium level rises, it causes bradycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest. It is important to diagnostically apprehend the severity of this condition using EKG and determining the serum K1+ level. For emergency treatment injection of calcium gluconate is very effective. Hypokalemia is often manifested by the loss of intestinal fluids due to diarrhea or during administration of diuretic agents. Clinical symptoms include neural paralysis but emergencies occur relatively infrequently. K C1 injections are used in treating this condition. Hypercalcemia is manifested in cancer patients during hyperparathyroidism. Its clinical symptoms include lassitude, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, and renal dys-function, leading to neural symptoms in severe cases. The main treatment consists of injection of physiological saline solution and administration of calcitonin, mithramycin. Hypocalemia is manifested during renal insufficiency, lack of vitamin D, and hypothyroidism. In classic cases it causes tetanic spasms. Injection of calcium is an effective treatment but since during tetanic spasms alcalosis may easily occur, treatment should only be provided after obtaining a complete understanding of the patient's condition. The pathological conditions described above can not be said to specific to cancer but it should be kept in mind that one of their main causative factors is the involvement of mechanism which produces ectopic hormones from cancerous tissues.
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PMID:[Electrolyte metabolism and emergency]. 688 72

This is a report on a patient 57 years old, hospitalized because of expressed fatigue, nausea, vomiting and epigastrium pain. Hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous and hypotension were present; and hypocorticism was suspected while ex iuvantibus substitutional therapy of corticosteroides was introduced. By testing thyroid gland function, hypothyroidism was established, so we suspected the presence of united pluriglandular insufficiency--Schmidt Syndrome. The patient reacted well to the substitutional therapy of hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. The diagnosis has been confirmed at the Clinic for Endocrinology in Novi Sad and today the patient has regular checks at the outpatients clinic for endocrinology in Sombor. The discussion contains important diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
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PMID:[Addison's disease]. 773 45


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