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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 9-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented for polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria following chronic methylprednisolone acetate therapy for pruritus. Initial diagnostics were consistent with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Serum calcium was within reference range. Within 12 hours the cat developed depression, anorexia, vomiting, and severe dehydration. Laboratory analysis indicated marked hypercalcemia as measured by both ionized and total calcium concentration. No underlying neoplastic or inflammatory process was identified. An adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test was indicative of adrenocortical insufficiency. The hypercalcemia resolved with glucocorticoid supplementation and correction of the dehydration. The diabetes mellitus and adrenal insufficiency both resolved within 9 weeks.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia due to latrogenic secondary hypoadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus in a cat. 1180 13

Spontaneous esophageal rupture is a life-threatening condition for which surgical intervention within 24h after the onset is usually recommended. This report describes two cases of spontaneous esophageal rupture successfully treated by conservative therapy. In the first case, a 68-year-old man was hospitalized for severe upper abdominal pain following hematemesis. A large left pleural effusion occurred the next day and spontaneous esophageal rupture was diagnosed 1 week later, following placement of an intrathoracic drain. In the second case, a 38-year-old man was admitted for severe back pain following vomiting and esophageal rupture diagnosed within 3 h after onset by computed tomography (CT), which showed left pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. Both patients were successfully treated conservatively with continuous intrathoracic drainage, intravenous antibiotics, and hyperalimentation. We conclude that spontaneous esophageal rupture can be treated conservatively under intensive observation.
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PMID:Spontaneous esophageal rupture successfully treated by conservative therapy: report of two cases. 1206 93

Five callitrichids (three common marmosets -Callithrix jacchus -, a black tufted-eared marmoset -C. penicillata-, and a saddle-back tamarin -Saguinus fuscicollis) were diagnosed with islet hyperplasia by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. All were privately-owned, unrelated callitrichids ranging from 2- to 4-year-old. Relevant findings were anorexia (3/5), vomiting (2/5), ptyalism (1/5), polyuria/polydipsia (1/5), respiratory distress (1/5), hyperglycemia (2/3) and glycosuria (1/1); hyperglycemia and glycosuria were associated with pregnancy in a common marmoset and resolved after reducing simple carbohydrates in diet. All five animals died, three of them after few premonitory signs; in two cases, other concurrent diseases unrelated to islet hyperplasia were considered the cause of death. Additional animals from two facilities had high weight (4), physical obesity (3), polyuria/polydipsia/polyphagia/uriposia (1), hyperglycemia (1), and/or glycosuria (2). Pathologic findings in the deceased callitrichids were: islet hyperplasia (5/5); hemosiderosis (5/5); lipomatosis (4/5) of several tissues (atria, 3/5; pancreas, gall bladder, intestine, esophagus, and thyroid, 2/5; liver, 1/5); pancreatic necrosis or steatonecrosis, and/or acute pancreatitis (3/5); and vacuolation of hepatocytes and renal tubular cells most likely consistent with hepatorenal lipidosis (2/5). The islets of Langerhans were more numerous and larger than in a control, and morphologically normal in all cases, except in a common marmoset that had a few cells with a foamy cytoplasm and shrunken hyperchromatic or picknotic nucleus. Insulin (5/5), glucagon (3/5), and somatostatin (3/5) immunohistochemistry revealed that most cells stained positively for insulin diffusely in their cytoplasm (5/5) (staining restricted to the vascular pole of b-cells in the control). These findings suggest that obesity, insulin resistance and/or type II diabetes may be implicated and thus a prospective study on these diseases in callitrichids is necessary to determine their etiopathogenesis.
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PMID:Islet hyperplasia in callitrichids. 1214 99

Anorexia nervosa (a.n.) is a mental disorder connected with the high mortality coming up to 18%. The death causes are suicide and somatic complications resulting from cachexy, laxatives and diuretics abuse, which occurs in some patients and from vomiting provocation. The digestive tract complications are considered to be the death causes in a.n, as well. Among the surgical complications, which usual occur in the initial period of the intensive nutrition the most serious and frequent ones are oesophageal rupture in the course of vomiting provocation (Boerhaave's syndrome) and the syndrome of compression of the horizontal part of the duodenum, by the mesentery (superior mesenteric artery syndrome) leading to the gastrectasia and possible gastric necrosis and perforation. In this paper the review of the current literature concerning the digestive tract complications in a.n. has been made. Also, the courses of the diseases and the complications requiring surgical intervention in 3 patients treated between 1998 and 2000 in the Department of Child Psychiatry and the Department of Cardiosurgery of the Medical University of Warsaw have been discussed. The patients developed segmental enteritis, gastrectasia caused by the superior mesenteric artery syndrome and small intestine strangulation. The early surgical intervention in the latter case and the proper maintenance treatment in two other ones allowed to avoid more serious complications. The authors postulate profound analysis of the abdominal complaints from the point if view of surgical complications in anorectic patients in the initial period of their hospital treatment and consideration of the complete parenteral hyperalimentation in the extremely debilitated to avoid life threatening digestive tract complications.
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PMID:[Surgical complications occurring during hospitalization of patients with anorexia nervosa--literature review and a discussion of three cases]. 1229 87

Experience with gastro-restrictive obesity showed the necessity of detailed research in three main tasks: 1. characteristics of morbidly obese people 2. psychological effects of surgery 3. interaction of these characteristics and effects of surgery. We carried out 7 studies with a total of 650 participants. Clinical interviews and tests measuring personality, eating behaviour, self esteem, addiction factors and quality of life were performed. Morbidly obese differ significantly from normal weight people with the exception of most personality scales. Effects of surgery can be summarized that patients learn to avoid overeating but they do not learn to nourish on healthy solid nutrition and they do not learn to exercise more than before. By paradox learning process 30-50 % of gastric banding patients establish vomiting behaviour or eating pulp and sweets. These who show low self esteem, high addiction score and high disinhibition behaviour are more at risk. Different psychological, nutritional as well as physiotherapeutic interventions are needed to help these patients.
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PMID:[Psychological aspects of bariatric surgery]. 1252 20

The aim of this follow-up study was to evaluate the longer-term effectiveness of guided self-care for bulimia nervosa. In the original trial, 62 patients with DSM-III-R bulimia nervosa were randomly assigned to: a) a self-care manual plus eight fortnightly sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy (guided self-change); or b) 16 weekly sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Twenty-eight of these patients (45% of the original cohort) were involved in this follow-up study based on personal interviews by experts and self-rated instruments; the majority of the others could not be traced, but their pre- and post-treatment variables were not different from those of the follow-up patients. After an average follow-up of 54.2 months (SD 5.8), significant improvements were achieved or maintained in both groups in terms of the main outcome measures: eating disorder symptoms based on expert ratings (Eating Disorder Examination sub-scores for overeating, vomiting, dietary restraint, and shape and weight concerns), self report (Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh), and a global five-point severity scale. There was also an improvement in the subsidiary outcome variables: Beck's Depression Inventory, the Self-concept Questionnaire, and knowledge of nutrition, weight and shape. During the week before the follow-up examination, 66.7% of the patients in the guided self-change group and 61.5% of those in the CBT group had not binged, vomited or abused laxatives. Guided self-change incorporating a self-care manual is an approach that can be as effective as standard cognitive behavioural therapy in the long-term, and can reduce the amount of therapist contact required.
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PMID:Four-year follow-up of guided self-change for bulimia nervosa. 1464 85

Two siblings with allergic purpura after Salmonella O9 infection were reported. A girl (patient 1) aged 4 years and 4 months started to have knee joint pain and abdominal pain followed by purpura of the lower extremities and was referred to us for treatment of allergic purpura. She had contracted enterocolitis one month before visiting our hospital and Salmonella enteritidis was identified. During the course of the illness she had nephritis associated with allergic purpura. However, she made a favorable progress and proteinuria and hematuria disappeared within 6 months. A boy (an elder brother of patient 1) aged 6 years was admitted to our hospital because of the allergic purpura. He similarly had contracted Salmonella enterocolitis. He had severe gastro-intestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, vomiting and bloody stool, which rapidly subsided after initiation of treatment with intravenous hyperalimentation combined with prednisolone. It is possible that allergic purpura in our patients was closely associated with Salmonella enteritidis infection. Further accumulation of cases is a requisite to clarify an association of Salmonella enteritidis infection with allergic purpura and pathogenesis of allergic purpura.
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PMID:[Two siblings with allergic purpura following Salmonella O9 enterocolitis]. 1467 13

Postoperative superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare complication of left nephrectomy. We treated a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome that occurred 7 days after radical left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The patient was a 54-year-old Japanese man who presented with gross hematuria. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 3.8 x 3.8 x 5 cm heterogeneous cystic mass in the left kidney. Transperitoneal left radical nephrectomy was performed because renal cell carcinoma was suspected. The patient resumed oral intake 3 days after surgery, but he began vomiting repeatedly from the 7th day after surgery. Gastroduodenography showed an abrupt vertical linear obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome was diagnosed. Conservative therapy (indwelling nasogastric tube, intravenous hyperalimentation and postural changes) was effective.
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PMID:[A case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome after left nephrectomy]. 1523 93

In order to establish norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among young adult women, the questionnaire was administered to a large general population sample of women aged 18-42 yr in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) region of Australia. Normative data were derived for EDE-Q subscales and for the occurrence of specific eating disorder behaviours, for each of five age bands (18-22, 23-27, 28-32, 33-37, 38-42 yr). Mean scores (SDs) for the Restraint, Eating Concern, Weight Concern and Shape Concern subscales for the total sample (n = 5,255) were, respectively, 1.30 (1.40), 0.76 (1.06), 1.79 (1.51) and 2.23 (1.65). The mean global score was 1.52 (1.25). The regular occurrence of objective and subjective overeating episodes was reported by 10.6% and 12.7% of participants, respectively. The regular use of self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, and use of diuretics, was reported by 1.4%, 1.0%, and 0.3%, of participants, respectively, while 2.2% of participants reported regularly using diet pills. "Extreme dietary restraint" and "excessive exercise" were reported by 3.4% and 4.9% of participants, respectively. Both attitudinal and behavioural features of eating disorder psychopathology tended to decrease with increasing age. These data will inform researchers intending to use the EDE-Q in epidemiological studies.
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PMID:Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q): norms for young adult women. 1630 Oct 14

A questionnaire that assessed a broad range of eating-related characteristics for unselected, normal subjects was factor analyzed in a two-step process proposed by Comrey (1984). Twelve "factored homogeneous item dimensions" were identified first and yielded three primary-level factors in a second factor analysis: Predisposition to Obesity (including Dieting and Preoccupation with, and Fear Of, Gaining Weight), Uncontrollable Urges to Eat (including Eating Momentum Beyond Control, Food a Panacea and Constant Temptation, and Secret Binging), and Predisposition to Anorexia (including Insufficient Eating Obvious to Others, Food Phobia, Inability to Eat, and Vomiting After Meals). The three primary-level factors were positively intercorrelated and exhibited significant positive, though weak, correlations with a measure of trait arousability. Also, weak results tentatively indicated that individuals with more pleasant and/or more arousable temperaments were less likely to be overweight. Subjects reported sharply higher levels of food consumption when feeling "depressed" (i.e., bored, lonely, sad) than when feeling "distressed" (i.e., uncomfortable, anxious, in pain). Uncontrollable Urges to Eat correlated positively and significantly with self-reports of food consumption while depressed, showing that those lacking control over eating ate especially more while feeling bored, lonely, or sad. Predisposition to Obesity correlated negatively and significantly with self-reports of food consumption while distressed, showing that those tending more toward obesity ate less while upset or anxious.
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PMID:Measures of eating-related characteristics for the general population: relationships with temperament. 1636 30


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