Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a significant incidence of inguinal hernia in premature infants and the optimal timing of repair is controversial. A high rate of postoperative respiratory complications has been reported in this group. In this study, the records of 47 premature infants (mean gestational age, 30.3 weeks) who underwent herniorrhaphy while still in the neonatal intensive care unit were reviewed in an effort to define those conditions that are independent risk factors for complications. Forty-three percent of infants had complications, including postoperative assisted ventilation (34%), episodes of apnea and/or bradycardia (23%), emesis and cyanosis with first feeding (6%), and requirement for postoperative reintubation (4%). Although low gestational age and postconceptual age at operation, low birth weight for gestational age, and preoperative ventilatory assistance were significantly associated with postoperative complications, only a history of respiratory distress syndrome/bronchopulmonary dysplasia (odds ratio 2.3), a history of patent ductus arteriosus (odds ratio 2.5), and low absolute weight at operation (odds ratio 3.5 for 1,000-g decrease) were independent risk factors for postoperative complication. Despite previous reports citing postconceptual age as the factor having the greatest impact on postoperative complications, these results indicate that a history of respiratory dysfunction and size at operation may be more important predictors of postoperative respiratory dysfunction in preterm infants.
 ...
PMID:Predictors of postoperative respiratory complications in premature infants after inguinal herniorrhaphy. 843 90

Inguinal hernia was associated with trauma in five dogs and was considered nontraumatic in 30 dogs. There were 11 males, 13 intact females, and six spayed females with nontraumatic inguinal hernia. Six dogs had bilateral hernias. Five dogs were younger than 4 months at the time of diagnosis. In 11 older dogs with nontraumatic inguinal hernia, the hernias were identified less than 7 days before surgical repair; in 14 older dogs, the hernias had been recognized for 1 to 60 months. Clinical signs in dogs without small intestinal incarceration were usually limited to a visible or palpable mass without pain or systemic illness. Herniorrhaphy approaches included inguinal, midline with contralateral ring evaluation, and celiotomy with or without inguinal exposure. Fat and omentum were the most common hernial contents. Small intestine was within the hernias of 12 dogs. Six dogs had nonviable small intestine. Postoperative complications included two incisional infections, one incisional dehiscence, two cases of peritonitis and sepsis associated with bowel leakage after intestinal resection and anastomosis, and one hernia recurrence. The overall prevalence of postoperative complications was 17%, and the mortality rate was 3%. Vomiting for 2 to 6 days was predictive of nonviable small intestine. Dogs younger than 2 years were at 11 times greater risk for nonviable small intestine than dogs older than 2 years. Four of five dogs with nontraumatic inguinal hernia and nonviable small intestine were intact males, whereas none of 13 intact females were affected. Only one of 14 dogs with longstanding hernias had nonviable small intestine.
 ...
PMID:A retrospective study of inguinal hernia in 35 dogs. 848 74

To evaluate the symptomatic outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a standard symptom questionnaire was sent to three patient groups at least 1 year after surgery: 115 patients had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy; 200 had undergone open cholecystectomy; and 200 had had inguinal hernia repair. Return of questionnaires was higher after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (100 of 115; 87.0 per cent) than the open procedure (167 of 200; 83.5 per cent) or hernia repair (163 of 200; 81.5 per cent). There was no difference in the number of patients who considered the operation to have cured or improved their preoperative symptoms after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (94 of 100; 94.0 per cent), open cholecystectomy (157 of 167; 94.0 per cent) or hernia repair (154 of 163; 94.5 per cent). Similar numbers considered their operation to have been a success (94.0, 95.2 and 94.5 per cent respectively). The prevalence of abdominal pain, nausea, flatulence, food intolerance and heartburn was similar in all groups of patients following operation. Diarrhoea occurred more often following laparoscopic (6.0 per cent) and open (4.2 per cent) cholecystectomy than hernia repair (1.2 per cent). Patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy tended to have a higher incidence of nausea or vomiting than those undergoing the open procedure, and consumed significantly more antacids (23.0 versus 12.0 per cent, P < 0.02). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy achieved the same rate of patient satisfaction as open cholecystectomy, with no apparent symptomatic advantage.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatic outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 840 84

The antiemetic efficacy of droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron was compared with placebo in the reduction of vomiting after paediatric surgery (the extremities; inguinal hernia; and phimosis) during general inhalational anaesthesia. One hundred children, ASA physical status I, 4-10 years of age, were enrolled in a prospectively, randomized, double-blind investigation and assigned to one of four treatment regimens: placebo (saline, n = 25), droperidol (50 micrograms.kg1, n = 25), metoclopramide (0.25 mg.kg-1, n = 25) or granisetron (40 micrograms.kg-1, n = 25). These drugs were administered intravenously (i.v.) after inhalation induction of anaesthesia. A complete response, defined as no emesis and no need for another rescue antiemetic during the first 24 h after anaesthesia, occurred in 60%, 76%, 68% and 88% of patients who had received placebo, droperidol, metoclopramide and granisetron, respectively (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). The incidence of adverse events postoperatively was not different among the treatment groups. In conclusion, granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 is a better antiemetic than droperidol and metoclopramide when compared to placebo for the prevention of postoperative emesis in children.
 ...
PMID:Prophylactic therapy with granisetron in the prevention of vomiting after paediatric surgery. A randomized, double-blind comparison with droperidol and metoclopramide. 2328 24

This study was undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of granisetron, 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for the prevention of post-operative vomiting in children undergoing general inhalational anaesthesia for surgery (inguinal hernia and phimosis). In a randomized, double-blind manner, 120 children, ASA physical status I, aged 4-10 years, were assigned to receive placebo (saline) or granisetron at three different doses (20 micrograms kg-1, 40 micrograms kg-1, 100 micrograms kg-1) intravenously immediately after inhalation induction of anaesthesia (n = 30 of each). A complete response, defined as no emesis and no need for another rescue antiemetic during the first 24 h after anaesthesia, occurred in 57% with placebo, 67% with granisetron 20 micrograms kg-1, 90% with granisetron 40 micrograms kg-1 and 90% with granisetron 100 micrograms kg-1 respectively (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). No clinically important adverse events were observed in any of the groups. Our results suggest that granisetron 40 micrograms kg-1 is the minimum effective dose for the prevention of emesis after paediatric surgery, and that increasing its dose to 100 micrograms kg-1 provides no demonstrable benefit.
 ...
PMID:Granisetron reduces post-operative vomiting in children: a dose-ranging study. 2357 44

This study was designed to determine whether administration of caudal bupivacaine with fentanyl would have any effect on analgesia in paediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy repair. Fifty-six outpatient paediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair were evaluated. Patients received, in a randomized manner, 1 ml.kg-1 of either bupivacaine 0.25% or 0.125% with or without fentanyl 1 microg.kg-1. There was no difference in pain scores in the hospital, the night of surgery, or 24 h postoperatively nor was there a difference in the oral analgesics administered between any of the groups. There was a higher incidence of vomiting at home in both 0.25% bupivacaine groups irrespective of the use of fentanyl. The 0.125% bupivacaine group had significantly more patients who received intravenous fentanyl in the PACU than did the other three groups (P<0.001). Increasing the concentration of bupivacaine from 0. 125% to 0.25% increased the incidence of postoperative vomiting. We recommend that clinicians utilize bupivacaine 0.125% with 1 microg. kg-1 fentanyl as the caudal injectate in paediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of two concentrations of bupivacaine and adrenaline with and without fentanyl in paediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy. 1041 67

This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of granisetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone and each drug alone for the prevention of post-operative vomiting by children, with no history of motion sickness and/or previous post-operative vomiting, undergoing general inhalational anaesthesia for surgery (inguinal hernia and phimosis). In a randomized, double-blind manner, 150 children, ASA physical status 1, aged 4-10 years, were assigned to receive granisetron 40 mg kg-1, dexamethasone 150 mg kg-1, or granisetron 40 mg kg-1 plus dexamethasone 150 mg kg-1 intravenously immediately after inhalation induction of anaesthesia (n = 50 of each). A complete response, defined as no emesis and no need for another rescue anti-emetic during the first 24 h after anaesthesia, was 86% with granisetron, 68% with dexamethasone and 98% with granisetron plus dexamethasone, respectively (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). No clinically serious adverse events were observed in any of the groups. In conclusion, prophylactic therapy with combined granisetron and dexamethasone was more effective than was each anti-emetic alone for the prevention of vomiting after paediatric surgery.
 ...
PMID:Prophylactic therapy with combined granisetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of post-operative vomiting in children. 2357 42

Over a period of 19 years 22 children with intestinal atresia and stenosis were managed at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria. The condition ranks as the fourth most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction after anorectal malformation, Hirschsprung's disease and strangulated inguinal hernia at the hospital. Three patients had duodenal atresia, 18 had jejunoileal involvement (atresia 15, stenosis 3) and one colonic atresia. The median age at presentation to the surgeon was 6 days (range 1 day-2 years). The common features were bilious vomiting and abdominal distension, the latter being more common in patients with lower atresia. Non-passage of meconium in the first 24 hours of birth occurred in 11 patients; mostly in those with lower jejunal, ileal and colonic involvement. Eight patients had associated anomalies, 5 of them with ileal atresia or stenosis. Diagnostic investigation was mainly plain abdominal radiography showing double-bubble shadow in duodenal atresia and varying degrees of air-fluid levels in other atresias. Contrast studies were not employed for diagnosis in any patient. The patients with duodenal atresia and had duodenoduodenostomy and duodenojejunostomy respectively while the jejunoileal atresia and stenosis were treated by resection and anastomosis. One patient with ileal atresia associated with total colonic Hirschsprung's disease and extensive atresia from terminal ileum down to descending colon had ileostomy. Postoperatively, 7 patients had infections of varying degrees and 3 anastomotic dehiscence. Mortality was 9 (41%) due mostly to septic complications and prematurity. While the survival of children with intestinal atresia and stenosis has improved over the years in developed countries, ours is still low (59%) due to late presentation and lack of neonatal intensive care facilities.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal atresia and stenosis: a retrospective analysis of presentation, morbidity and mortality in Zaria, Nigeria. 1082 Oct 85

The objectives of this study are: collect 25 years of experience with ambulatory pediatric surgery in The Pediatric Surgery Service of Hospital de Cruces, present the results of a parents-patient satisfaction survey and show the estimated money savings in the last five years. In the period 1973-1997, 19,934 children (56% of the total surgical cases) were operated with ambulatory surgery, and have been grouped in five quinquenia, showing a constant increase of the percentage of ambulatory surgery. General surgery and ENT are the specialities that more frequently uses this type of surgery (72.4% and 68.6% of the surgical cases of each speciality, respectively, in the last ten years). In general surgery inguinal hernia is the most frequent diagnosis with an increase of orchidopexy in the last five years. ENT is doing ambulatory tonsilectomies in the last ten years. The prolonged recovery stay and unanticipated admissions are rare, usually due to vomiting. The parents satisfaction survey shows great acceptancy, although 13% preferred an overnight postoperative stay. The estimated money saved in the last quinquenia has been important.
 ...
PMID:[Ambulatory pediatric surgery: 25 years of experience]. 1260 53

Although supravesical hernias were described as early as 1804, there have been fewer than 100 cases reported in the literature. The supravesical fossa is a triangular area bounded laterally and above by median and medial umbilical ligaments, and below by the peritoneal reflection that passes from the anterior abdominal wall to the dome of the bladder. A hernia starting in this fossa usually protrudes through the abdominal wall as a direct inguinal hernia (external supravesical hernia). Less commonly, it remains within the abdomen, passing into spaces around the bladder (internal supravesical hernia). A 43-year-old mill worker presented with an enlarged painful mass in the left groin. He underwent a surgical repair of a direct inguinal hernia without addressing an unrecognized supravesicular component. Eight hours after his discharge next morning, he presented with acute abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention. The second surgery revealed the presence of a left lateral internal supravesical hernia with incarcerated small bowel. This was also repaired, and the patient was discharged in stable condition. This report aims to review and discuss the surgical anatomy of these rare supravesical hernias and calls attention to this type of hernia as an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction.
 ...
PMID:Inguinal mass due to an external supravesical hernia and acute abdomen due to an internal supravesical hernia: a case report and review of the literature. 1510 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>