Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aluminium phosphide (AIP) is a poison used in Denmark to combat moles and vermines e.g. in granaries. On contact with water AIP releases phosphine gas, which has a strong cytotoxic action. We describe a lethal poisoning in a healthy 83 year old man, caused by ingestion of pellets containing AIP. After ingestion the primary symptoms were burning retrosternal pain, severe vomiting and diarrhoea which progressed to cardiac failure, arrhythmias and severe metabolic acidosis. The patient and his excreta smelled of garlic, ammonium carbide and decaying fish, which is characteristic of this poisoning. In spite of intensive care support the patient died in cardiac and respiratory failure 17 hours after ingestion of the pellets. Treatment is supportive. Knowledge about the toxicity of AIP is described and discussed.
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PMID:[Poisoning with aluminum phospholipide used as a poison against moles]. 896 81

Forty chemotherapy naive patients with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer were treated in a randomized trial comparing mitozantrone 14 mg/m2 with epirubicin 75 mg/m2 given intravenously at 3-weekly intervals. There was a 40% (95% confidence interval (CI) 8-72; P = 0.013) higher partial response rate with epirubicin (11/18) than with mitozantrone (4/19). Epirubicin caused significantly more alopecia (difference 76%; 95% CI 57-96; P < 0.0001) and nausea/vomiting (difference = 38%; 95% CI 10-67; P = 0.01). Three patients who received long courses of epirubicin experienced cardiac failure; two were proved to have cardiomyopathy. The median survival for the epirubicin and mitozantrone groups were 9.5 and 8 months respectively. Thus, although epirubicin gave a higher response rate it also caused more toxicity.
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PMID:Comparison of mitozantrone and epirubicin in advanced breast cancer. 897 51

To identify easily ascertainable sociodemographic and health characteristics that are associated with hypoalbuminemia in community-dwelling older persons, we used data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This population-based stratified probability sample survey included 4728 persons aged 55-74 y. We defined hypoalbuminemia in two ways: < 35 g/L (1.2% of the sample) or < or = 38 g/L (7.9% of the sample) and used multivariate logistic models to identify independent predictors of hypoalbuminemia. Older age; receiving welfare; a condition interfering with eating; vomiting > or = 3 d/mo; previous surgery for gastrointestinal tumor; self-reported heart failure; recurring cough attacks; feeling tired or wornout; edentulous, fair, or poor condition of teeth; little or no exercise; a low-salt diet; trouble chewing meat; self-reported protein albumin, blood, or sugar in urine; and current cigarette smoking were independently associated with albuminemia (< or = 38 g/L) or progressively lower albumin concentrations < 40 g/L. Persons with 3-5 of these factors (51.5% of the sample) had an odds ratio of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.64, 4.54) and those with > or = 6 factors (9.4% of the sample) had an odds ratio of 6.44 (95% CI: 3.49, 11.86) of albuminemia < or = 38 g/L compared with those with 0-2 risk factors (39.1% of the sample). These findings suggest that several easily assessed sociodemographic, lifestyle, and disease-related factors are associated with hypoalbuminemia and might be valuable items to include on general health surveys to identify older persons who have this marker of poor health status.
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PMID:Correlates of hypoalbuminemia in community-dwelling older persons. 920 67

In a prospective phase II study, 102 women with advanced breast cancer were treated with low doses of cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) at weekly intervals by intravenous injection. Seventy-five patients were evaluable for treatment response and the overall response rate was 52% (95% confidence interval, 41-63%). Of the evaluable patients, 15% had complete response and 37% had partial response. The median survival after therapy was 15.6 months, the median time to progression was 6.8 months and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. The main toxicities were mild vomiting and moderate myelosuppression. There was only 1 patient who experienced heart failure. Weekly CAF appears to have an efficacy with tolerable side effects comparable to standard CAF with an every-3-week schedule.
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PMID:Weekly CAF chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer patients. 921 53

Report of a suicidal mono-intoxication with the class IC antiarrythmic drug propafenone. A 20-year-old female physician's assistant secretly ingested the substance (presumably 20 tablets per 300 mg) about 4-6 h before her death, and in the interim remained under the supervision of her physician. An ECG taken about 1/2-2 h after ingestion showed widening of the QRS complex and signs of an acute load of the right ventricle; the clinical symptoms were nausea, vomiting and hypotonia. After about 4 h without serious symptoms acute loss of consciousness and cardiac failure occurred, resuscitation efforts remained unsuccessful. At autopsy propafenone was found in blood (12 micrograms ml-1), liver (60 micrograms g-1) and cardiac muscle (11 micrograms g-1).
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PMID:Lethal suicidal intoxication with propafenone, after a history of self-inflicted injuries. 930 61

Thirty-one patients with biliary enteric fistula who were operated on over a 19-year period (1976-1994) with an incidence of 0.74% in all biliary tract operations were reviewed retrospectively to identify etiologic factors, types of fistulas, signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, management and prognosis of the cases. Most common symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. Two patients had gallstone ileus. The majority of the patients had severe concomitant medical illnesses. The exact preoperative diagnosis of a biliary enteric fistula was established in only five (16%) patients. In 81% of the cases fistula was secondary to chronic calculous biliary tract disease. Postoperative complications included wound infection in six (19%), biliary fistula in two (6%) and erosive gastritis in one (3%) patient. Two patients died of intra-abdominal sepsis and two of cardiac failure, with an operative mortality of 13%. Early elective cholecystectomy is recommended to avoid complications of chronic calculous cholecystitis such as bilioenteric fistulas and their increased mortality and morbidity.
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PMID:Biliary enteric fistulas. 937 75

We identified 174 cases of chronic severe renal failure (blood creatinine > 650 mumol/l) and/or blood urea > 35 mmol/l) in a retrospective study of patients admitted to hospital between January 1989 and June 1996. Of these patients, 110 were men and 64 were women. The mean age was 36 +/- 15 years. Fifty three patients had a history of hypertension before admission, 3 patients had diabetes and 3 had gout. The most frequent clinical signs were dyspnea (55.2% of all patients), fatigue (78.2%), vomiting (63.2%) and edema (66.1%). The prevalence of hypertension was 64.9%. Glomerulonephritis was found in 42.5% of patients, chronic interstitial nephritis in 16.1%, polycystic kidney disease in 2 cases, congenital renal hypoplasia in 4 cases and unclassified kidney disease in 14.4% of cases. End-stage renal failure was complicated by heart failure in 40.2% of patients, pericarditis in 31.6%, hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract in 15% and infections in 22.4%. 47.7% of the patients died following admission.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of severe chronic renal insufficiency in Burkina Faso]. 950 95

The efficacy and safety of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in dogs with naturally acquired class III or class IV heart failure was evaluated in this study. Eighteen small-breed dogs with insufficiency of their mitral valves, but without other diseases were included in this study over a period of six months. When necessary due to massive pulmonary edema or high serum potassium concentrations, furosemide was added to the therapy with enalapril. No other drugs, including digitalis, were used in this study. The treatment was followed by anamnesis, clinical examinations, electrocardiography, radiography, echocardiography and laboratory diagnosis. Examinations were performed before treatment and after one week, after six weeks and after six months of treatment. 72% of the dogs improved in NYHA classification until the end of the study (p < 0.05). The incidence of seizures due to syncopes or severe respiratory distress decreased during this study (p < 0.01). For 28% of the dogs this treatment was not successful. In the electrocardiographic, radiographic and laboratory examinations statistically significant changes could not be recorded. The decrease in heart rate did not reach statistical significance. The echocardiographic investigation evaluated a significant decrease in fractional shortening and in the diastolic diameter of the left ventricular wall (p < 0.05 respectively p < 0.01), but no significant change in the diastolic or systolic diameter of the interventricular septum. The average oral dose of enalapril was 0.38 mg/kg body weight b.i.d., the average dose of furosemide was 0.37 mg/kg body weight b.i.d. in the first week of the study and was raised to 0.74 mg/kg body weight b.i.d. until the end of the study. Side effects like diarrhea, vomiting or reduced appetite did not increase during the course of the study. However one dog was excluded from the study because of repeated vomiting after six weeks of treatment. This study shows the beneficial clinical and hemodynamic effects and the security of the therapy with enalapril for dogs with heart failure due to mitral insufficiency.
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PMID:[Treatment of mitral valve insufficiency in dogs with the ACE inhibitor enalapril. A clinical progress study]. 953 70

A 74 year old patient with diabetes mellitus was hospitalized because of nausea, recurrent vomiting and increasing fatigue. Shortly before admittance the patient had diarrhea. He also reported a recent onset of aversion against meat consumption. Clinical investigation revealed a possible right-sided paraumbilical abdominal tumor, normal bowel sounds, a vascular bruit and a normal white blood count with increased band forms. During hospitalisation the general condition of the patient deteriorated rapidly with fever and increasing numbers of immature granulocytes. The patient finally died under the symptoms of a paralytic ileus with hypotonia and hypoglycemia. Autopsy revealed a fist-sized stenosing tumor in the cecum with the histology of a mainly well differentiated, cylindrocellular adenocarcinoma. As immediate cause of death a bilateral paracentral lung embolism with pulmonary edema was found, the latter probably as immediate consequence of preterminal heart failure.
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PMID:[Intestinal paralysis in long-term diabetes mellitus]. 965 91

Seventeen patients stung by Tityus serrulatus scorpion were classified as mild (pain at the site of the sting, n = 6), moderate (local pain and one of the following manifestations: vomiting, psychomotor agitation, prostration, sweating, tachypnea, tachycardia and mild arterial hypertension, n = 10) and severe cases (equal moderate cases plus cardiac failure, pulmonary edema and shock, n = 1). Venous blood was sampled for biochemical and hematological analysis and for IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF ELISAs at the time of hospital admission, 6 h (moderate and severe cases), and 12, 18, 36 and 72 h (severe case) later. Ten age-matched healthy volunteers were used as control. Increased serum levels of IL-1alpha was noticed in all patients, high levels of IL-6, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF were observed only in a patient with severe envenomation. Our data suggest that a systemic inflammatory response-like syndrome is triggered during severe envenomation caused by T. serrulatus sting and that release of cytokines may be involved in this response.
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PMID:Serum levels of cytokines in patients envenomed by Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting. 1040 Feb 99


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