Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis was made of 82 ketamine-sombrevin, 146 ketamine and 29 sombrevin general anesthesias performed during bronchoscopy in 257 children aged 3 to 15 years with primary tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific diseases of the lung. A procedure of ketamine-sombrevin anesthesia was described. Its adequacy was evaluated by comparison of cardiac intervalograms taken before and after tracheal intubation. There was an absence of vomiting and hallucinations when the agents were concomitantly used. It was concluded that this method might be used during bronchoscopy in children.
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PMID:[Evaluation of ketamine-sombrevin general anesthesia during bronchoscopy in children]. 259 26

Eighteen of 418 children who had onset of epilepsy before the age of 13 years showed clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms. They represented one-fifth of all benign age- and localization-related idiopathic epilepsies seen. Some patients were followed as long as 15 years. There was a preponderance in females and peak age at onset of epilepsy was 5 years. In 16 children, the seizures were infrequent and sometimes prolonged and consisted mainly of tonic deviation of the eyes and vomiting, often with evolution to unilateral or generalized convulsions. Seizures were only nocturnal in 11 and nocturnal and diurnal in another 5 children. Prognosis was excellent; 5 children had only one fit. Remission usually occurred 1 to 2 years after onset and no seizures occurred after the age of 12 years. The remaining 2 children had frequent diurnal episodes consisting of visual hallucinations, postictal headache, and occasional nocturnal hemiconvulsions. Their prognosis was less favorable. Electroencephalographic abnormalities in all 18 patients consisted of repetitive spike and slow-wave discharges confined to the occipital regions and attenuated when the eyes were open. These outlasted clinical remission for many years, sometimes up to the age of 16. Fixation-off sensitivity was demonstrated frequently. Based on these findings, a unifying definition for benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms is proposed.
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PMID:Benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms: a 15-year prospective study. 277 1

An anti-emetic drug, nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, has been compared with prochlorperazine in 24 lung cancer patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Each of the drugs studied was given orally every 12 hours, starting the night before chemotherapy, during one of two consecutive identical chemotherapy cycles in accordance with a double-blind cross-over random order assignment. Single doses were 2 mg of nabilone, or 15 mg of prochlorperazine. The chemotherapeutic regimens given included the following drugs in various combinations: cis-platinum, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vindesine, and etoposide (VP16). Nabilone was significantly superior to prochlorperazine in the reduction of vomiting episodes. Side effects, mainly vertigo, were evident in nearly half of the patients after nabilone, and three patients were withdrawn from the study due to decreased coordination and hallucinations after nabilone. Side effects from prochlorperazine were limited to mild drowsiness in one patient. Two-thirds of the patients preferred nabilone to prochlorperazine. We conclude that nabilone is a moderately effective anti-emetic drug, but that the unpredictability of its side effects call for careful patient information, especially with elderly outpatients. We recommend that at least after the first dose of nabilone, the patient should be kept under close observation during 4 hours.
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PMID:A cross-over comparison of nabilone and prochlorperazine for emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy. 300 67

A prospective randomised double blind crossover trial was conducted comparing the new synthetic cannabinoid nabilone with oral domperidone in a group of children receiving repeated identical courses of emetogenic chemotherapy for a variety of malignant diseases. Eighteen of 23 consecutive eligible children, aged 10 months to 17 years, completed the trial. When taking nabilone they experienced significantly fewer vomiting episodes and less nausea, and two thirds expressed a preference for the drug. The most common side effects of treatment with nabilone were somnolence and dizziness, with one patient being disturbed by hallucinations. The results indicate that nabilone is an effective antiemetic for children having chemotherapy, even for young children. It seems to be superior in this respect to domperidone, and although it has a higher incidence of side effects, these are mostly acceptable to patients. It can be recommended as an alternative to conventional antiemetic treatment throughout childhood.
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PMID:Nabilone: an alternative antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy. 301 4

Terguride is an ergoline derivative with mixed agonistic/antagonistic dopaminergic activity. This led to a paradoxical suggestion that it is effective in the treatment of both schizophrenia and parkinsonism. A total of 65 in- or outpatients with parkinsonism mostly of vascular or idiopathic etiology were included in a 4-week, open, multicenter trial. Terguride was administered under an increasing dose schedule which was leveled off according to the clinical response. Mostly because of nausea, vomiting, and lack of improvement 25% of inpatients and 61% of outpatients were removed from the study. The average daily dose at the end of the trial was 4.2 mg, ranging from 1.0 to 5.5 mg. The average Simpson and Angus scale total score and performance in the Spiral Drawing Task improved significantly during the trial by 20% and 38% respectively. The following adverse effects were noted most frequently throughout the study (including those who withdrew): constipation (occurred in 42% of all ratings performed during the trial) drowsiness and nausea (16% each). Adverse circulatory effects were negligible. Psychotic symptoms, including depression, confusion, hallucinations, and paranoid syndrome, each occurred in 1 patient, i.e., at a lower rate than with other dopaminergic drugs. Scotopic electroretinograms in a subsample of 7 patients showed a significant transitory decrease in the B-wave amplitude at the end of the 1st week and a subsequent return to pretreatment values.
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PMID:Terguride in parkinsonism. A multicenter trial. 304 1

Hexamethylmelamine (HMM) was selected for development as an antineoplastic agent because it demonstrated activity in a variety of preclinical tumor models. Its mechanism of action is unknown. It has been used in clinical trials since 1964. The clinical toxic effects have consisted of signs and symptoms involving the following systems: gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, anorexia), hematologic (leukopenia, mild anemia), and neurologic (critical depression, hallucinations, peripheral motor and sensory deficits). Antitumor activity against advanced ovarian cancer was demonstrated in phase I trials and the drug was quickly incorporated into trials which utilized drug combinations. The majority of these have consisted of phase II trials without an identified control population. As might be predicted, all of the HMM-containing combinations are active. However, the contribution of HMM to the antitumor activity of the combination remains conjectural. Thus, in spite of greater than 15 years of clinical trials with a drug that has single-agent activity, the questions regarding the role of HMM in the treatment of ovarian cancer remain unanswered.
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PMID:Role of hexamethylmelamine in the treatment of ovarian cancer: where is the needle in the haystack? 308 97

Recognized risk factors for metrizamide myelography are seizure disorder, seizure-threshold-lowering drugs, dehydration, and possibly age. After observing serious neurologic complications in diabetic patients after routine metrizamide myelography, a retrospective study was conducted to determine if diabetes should be considered another independent and important risk factor. Forty-one diabetic patients who had lumbar metrizamide myelograms were compared with a control group of 110 nondiabetic patients. A significantly higher incidence was found of severe vomiting (15% vs. 3%, p less than 0.01) and neurologic complications (20% vs. 2%, p less than 0.001) in the diabetic population. Neurologic complications included one case each of seizure, severe encephalopathy, auditory and visual hallucinations, and prolonged somnolence and four cases of confusion-anxiety. Four of the diabetic patients had major transient elevations of blood pressure. These findings suggest that diabetics are a high-risk population for metrizamide myelography. The dose of metrizamide should be minimized, whenever possible. The new nonionic myelographic agents may prove to be safer in this population, but caution and careful follow-up should be exercised in the initial trials with these patients.
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PMID:Neurologic complications in diabetics after metrizamide lumbar myelography. 348

Ketamine was administered to 47 women aged 14-41 years who were about to undergo induced abortions. The patients received 2.5 mg of lorazepam 2 hours before the operation and 7.5 mg/kg of ketamine diluted in orange juice or water 45 minutes before. In all cases, sleep and transfer to the operating table were accomplished in calm and semidarkness. Intravenous tubes were inserted and .02 mg/kg of atropine sulfate was administered. Patients considered still conscious were given intravenous injections of ketamine 1 mg/kg. Perioperative evaluation of the quality of anesthesia was done using a 4-level scale based on reactions to stimuli. Ketamine .5 mg/kg was administered intravenously each time significant reactions were obtained. 45 minutes after oral ketamine administration, 8 patients were still conscious and received additional anesthesia. 9 of the 39 patients asleep at the preoperative evaluation required additional anesthesia during the procedure. The immediate postoperative period was calm in all cases, even though some patients later reported having had disagreeable hallucinations. 46.8% had vomiting. The frequency of vomiting declined from 54.4% to 28.8% when pure water was substituted for orange juice as the vector for the preoperative oral ketamine. Correct responses to simple questions were obtained an average of 12.4 minutes postoperatively, but all patients had periods of somnolence lasting 4.8 hours on average. 15 had partial recollections of the surgery. 78.8% of the patients stated that the anesthesia used was excellent or good. 8.5% felt it was average, and 10.6% felt it was poor. Very few publications mention oral use of ketamine. The failure rates of 17% during the preoperative evaluation and 23% during the operation were not negligible and were probably due to the very low bioavailability of ketamine administered orally and the variability of digestive absorption of ketamine from 1 subject to another. The method appears to be appropriate for use in induced abortions, but better management is required to reduce failure rates and control side effects of vomiting and disagreeable postoperative hallucinations.
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PMID:[Anesthesia with oral ketamine]. 362 Oct 17

Sixty-five cases of theophylline toxicity in children were reviewed. Vomiting, tachycardia, and central nervous system excitation were the most common manifestations. Seizure activity occurred in four acutely intoxicated children whose serum theophylline concentrations were less than 70 micrograms/ml. Two patients experienced visual hallucinations in association with high serum theophylline levels. Dosing errors accounted for the majority of cases. Most instances of toxicity could have been avoided by more careful consideration of the patient's medication history and more diligent monitoring of serum theophylline concentrations.
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PMID:Theophylline toxicity in children. 374 49

We used a new D2 dopamine agonist, mesulergine (8-alpha-amino-ergoline, CU 32-085), to treat 20 patients (12 men and 8 women), mean age 62.6 (SEM = 1.7) and mean duration of illness 5.9 (SEM = 1.0) years. Wearing-off effect was the principal indication for new therapy in 15 patients, and the others had inadequate response to levodopa. All continued on levodopa therapy, and 10 patients were studied in a double-blind controlled test. The mean motor disability decreased from 2.8 (SEM = 0.12) to 1.6 (SEM = 0.18) with mesulergine (p less than 0.0001) and increased to 1.9 (SEM = 0.20) with placebo (p less than 0.001). Tremor improved most, followed by rigidity, bradykinesia, gait, and postural instability. Side effects included dyskinesia, light-headedness, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and ankle edema, but, in general, mesulergine was tolerated well.
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PMID:Placebo-controlled study of mesulergine in Parkinson's disease. 388 92


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