Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirthy-three alcoholics, aged between 31 and 82 years, were treated for 7 to 30 days with tiapride. The dosage was 600 mg/day (200 mg 3 times daily) by mouth or 100 to 800 mg/day I.M. Out of 27 cases of tremor treated, there were 25 favourable results, one average result and one nil result. Insomnia and character disorders, e.g. anguish, depression, nightmares, hallucinations, were improved during the first few days of treatment in 27 cases out of 30. Out of 12 cases of algo-paresthesia of the lower limb treated, the were 9 good or excellent results, 2 average results and 1 nil result. A favourable result was observed in 7 cases out of nine in vomiting, water brash (3 cases out of 4), and in 16 cases out of 20 in anorexia. No clinical or laboratory disturbance attributable to tiapride was noted in our patients whose general health was often very poor.
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PMID:[Tiapride and alcoholic disorders of central origin. Apropos of 33 cases]. 21 35

In a controlled trial, baclofen (mean dose 45 mg daily) signficantly increased disability from Parkinsonism in 12 patients with the long-term levodopa syndrome. Peak dose choreoathetosis was not improved but benefit was observed in all four patients with "off period dystonia." Adverse side effects were common and severe, and included visual hallucinations, vomiting, and dizziness.
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PMID:Baclofen in Parkinson's disease. 35 2

Two double-blind, crossover trials comparing the antiemetic effectiveness of nabilone, a new synthetic cannabinoid, with that of prochlorperazine were conducted in patients with severe nausea and vomiting associated with anticancer chemotherapy. Of 113 patients evaluated, 90 (80 per cent) responded to nabilone therapy, whereas only 36 (32 per cent) responded to prochlorperazine (P less than 0.001). Complete relief of symptoms was infrequent, occurring only in nine patients (8 per cent) given nabilone. When both drugs were compared, both nausea (P less than 0.01) and vomiting episodes (P less than 0.001) were significantly lower in patients given nabilone. Moreover, patients clearly favored nabilone for continued use (P less than 0.001). Predominant side effects noted by patients were similar for both agents and included somnolence, dry mouth and dizziness but were about twice as frequent and more often severe in patients receiving nabilone. In addition, four patients (3 per cent) taking nabilone had side effects (hallucinations in three, hypotension in one) that required medical attention. Euphoria associated with nabilone was infrequent (16 per cent) and mild.
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PMID:Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 37 88

Three case histories of patients with large tumors in the posterior fossa who were operated on in a sitting position subsequently developed 1 or more symptoms referable to the temporoparietooccipital regions of the brain 24 to 48 hours postoperatively. Initially, it was believed that such symptoms were due to a stimulation of the association pathways causing firing of remote association areas (See Ch. 4). Subsequent studies of the rotation of blood vessels of the brain in the developing embryo and a review of the anatomical location of the arteries supplying the temporoparietooccipital region led to the conclusion that some compromise of the posterior cerebral artery was responsible for the symptoms. The symptomatology in these brain tumor patients was not unlike that seen in the cosmonauts and astronauts in space flight, designated as "motion sickness" in the space literature. A suggestion was made as to clarification of the definitions. This author advocated that the term "motion sickness" be confined to those symptoms of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, due to involvement of the peripheral end organ, the inner ear. "Space sickness" might include these symptoms but also might have the addition of disorientation or the inversion of image in space and formed or unformed hallucinations. These relate to the temporoparietooccipital area, the midtemporal, and the occipital regions. In such instances, there must be central involvement or a stimulation of this interpretive cortex of the brain. The remote symptoms from the supratentorial cotex were believed to be due to hypoxia related to the posterior cerebral artery compromise, resulting in delayed "luxury perfusion" and the development of local lactic acidosis. Transaxial transmission of force with an uncal tentorial herniation causing compression of the posterior cerebral artery was suggested as a mechanism responsible for the vascular compression.
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PMID:Remote cerebral hemisphere symptoms from surgically treated patients with posterior fossa brain tumors; vascular factors: a basis for a theory concerning space sickness. 56 32

Three patients ate different amounts of a common northern mushroom, brown fly agaric, Amanita regalis. All of them believed they had eaten delicious parasol mushrooms, Macrolepiota procera. The symptoms of poisoning began 1--2 hours after ingestion of the mushrooms. All the patients had marked gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea and heavy vomiting. Two had central nervous system manifestations and cholinergic symptoms: hallucinations, confusion, or loss of consciousness as well as copious salivation, or sweating. All patients recovered within 4--24 hours without any damage to liver, kidneys or central nervous system. It seems that cooking the mushrooms does not completely neutralize the toxic agents of Amanita regalis. The analysis of fried mushrooms shows that it may be possible to identify mushrooms reliably from the remains of a meal.
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PMID:Poisoning with brown fly agaric, Amanita regalis. 76 Apr

Thirty-one patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with the ergot alkaloid bromocriptine, a drug which stimulates dopamine receptors. Bromocriptine had a slight therapeutic effect in patients on no other treatment and an additional effect in patients on levodopa. The mean optimum dosage of bromocriptine, established over a 12 week period, was 26 mg daily. In 20 patients bromocriptine was compared with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial. Active treatment caused a significant (P less than 0.02) reduction in total disability and akinesia scores. The least disabled patients showed the greatest response. Side-effects of bromocriptine--nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, and abnormal involuntary movements--were similar to nature to those of levodopa. In most normal subjects, bromocriptine causes an increase in plasma growth hormone concentration. This was determined in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease after 1-15 mg bromocriptine. Only a single patient showed an obvious increase up to 120 minutes after dosage. Bromocriptine was not effective treatment in two patients who had not previously responded to levodopa and replacement of this drug by bromocriptine in patients with end-of-dose akinesia after chronic levodopa treatment did not totally abolish response swings.
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PMID:Bromocriptine treatment in Parkinson's disease. 77 75

Thirty-seven patients with Parkinsonism were treated with bromocriptine 2.5-300 mg daily. Bromocriptine, alone or combined with levodopa, caused a 20-30% reduction in disability scores in 11 patients treated for one year. Tolerance did not develop during this period. Bromocriptine treatment was not of value in six patients who had previously not responded or who had lost their response to levodopa. However, in four of five patients with response swings on levodopa due to rapid changes in plasma dopa levels, the addition of bromocriptine caused a more stable response. Dose response curves to bromocriptine 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg and to levodopa 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg were studied in seven patients. Levodopa 2 g had a greater therapeutic effect and caused a greater rise in plasma growth hormone concentration than bromocriptine 100 mg. Levodopa caused emesis more commonly and hallucinations less commonly than bromocriptine. Bromocriptine appears to be a less potent stimulant than dopamine, and has both pre- and post-synaptic effects. Metoclopramide 60 mg oral was given 30 minutes before bromocriptine or levodopa to establish whether this caused dopamine-receptor blockade. Metoclopramide acted as a competitive antagonist to the anti-Parkinsonism and growth hormone effect of both drugs and in individual cases prevented emesis and hallucinations. The fall in blood pressure due to bromocriptine or levodopa was not antagonised by metoclopramide. Central and peripheral vascular dopamine receptors may be different in nature.
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PMID:Bromocriptine in Parkinsonism: long-term treatment, dose response, and comparison with levodopa. 103 99

The effect of a new dopaminergic agonist, piribedil, was studied in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease and compared with placebo and L-DOPA. Piribedil appeared to have a moderate therapeutic effect that was significantly less than that of L-DOPA. Tremor appeared to be the main clinical feature to benefit. Nausea, vomiting, and somnolence were most frequent during the buildup of treatment and confusion and hallucinations during long-term treatment. Piribedil caused a significant decrease in probenecid-induced accumulation of HVA in the CSF, suggesting reduced turnover of endogenous dopamine in the brain. There was a significant relationship between dopamine receptor activation by piribedil and improvement of parkinsonian disability.
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PMID:Dopaminergic agonist effects on Parkinsonian clinical features and brain monamine metabolism. 109 75

The clinical features and management of nine cases of mushroom poisoning due to Amanita pantherina (eight cases) and Amanita muscaria (one case) admitted to a children's hospital are described. Most ingestions were in the toddler age group with males being more frequently involved. Symptoms occurred between 30-180 min with the onset of central nervous system depression, ataxia, waxing and waning obtundation, hallucinations, intermittent hysteria or hyperkinetic behavior. Vomiting was rare. Seizures or myoclonic twitching occurred in 4/9 patients, but was controlled with standard anticonvulsant therapy. No other anticholinergic or cholinergic signs were prominent. Recovery was rapid and complete in all patients.
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PMID:Mushroom poisoning in infants and children: the Amanita pantherina/muscaria group. 134 20

A patient with a 15-year history of psychiatric illness treated with neuroleptics presented with vomiting, thought alienation, auditory hallucinations and self-neglect. Dopaminergic supersensitivity was diagnosed and increased doses of neuroleptics caused cessation of vomiting. The patient is currently attempting discontinuation of neuroleptics.
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PMID:Supersensitivity psychosis with concurrent episodic vomiting. 135 74


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