Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We herein report on the results of treatment of 13 men with stage D prostatic carcinoma with a non-steroidal compound, SCH-13521 (flutamide). The dosage of the drug was 750 mg. in 3 divided doses daily and treatment extended for 2 to 20 months. Two patients failed to respond in any fashion, 7 had objective evidence of response and the others had varying degrees of subjective response. Plasma testosterone was never suppressed and sexual potency was not altered by the drug. Gynecomastia occurred in several patients, 1 patient had intractable vomiting and 2 had thromboembolic disease. In tissue biopsies after therapy, cytotoxic changes in some acinar cells were noted but healthy-appearing neoplastic cells were always abundant. These observations suggest the pre-treatment existence of autonomous cells that no conventional hormonal manipulation will succeed in destorying. However, the palliation that flutamide seems to afford makes it important to conduct an appropriately designed study that will compare it in a suitable fashion to the effectiveness of diethylstilbestrol.
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PMID:Prostatic cancer and SCH-13521: II. Histological alterations and the pituitary gonadal axis. 115 58

Goserelin acetate implant is a newly approved depot formulation of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist indicated for palliation of advanced prostate cancer. LHRH superagonists suppress gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland by causing down-regulation of receptors. The sustained-release dosage form contains goserelin acetate dispersed in a biodegradable copolymer matrix and is designed to release active drug over 28 days. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that, despite nonzero order release of goserelin from the matrix, goserelin acetate implant maintains serum concentrations of testosterone in the range normally found in castrated men (less than 2 nmol/L) throughout the recommended 28-day dosing interval. Response rates similar to those for orchiectomy and estrogen administration have been demonstrated. Combination therapy with either diethylstilbestrol or flutamide has produced favorable results, although the major advantage appears to be a reduction in the tumor flare seen during the first week of LHRH agonist therapy rather than an increase in response rate or survival. Adverse effects are similar to other LHRH agonists and include tumor flare during the first week of therapy, decreased libido, decreased erectile potency, hot flashes, and gynecomastia. In combination with flutamide, additional adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and elevated hepatic aminotransferases, all of which can be attributed to flutamide administration. Local reactions are minimal; however, some patients require a local anesthetic before goserelin acetate implant injection. The recommended dose is 3.6 mg administered subcutaneously into the upper abdominal wall every 28 days. The average wholesale cost is approximately +320 per month. Formulary addition is recommended.
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PMID:Goserelin acetate implant: a depot luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog for advanced prostate cancer. 183 21

The therapeutic efficacy and safety of various doses of leuprorelin acetate depot were determined in an open, multicentre study of patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostatic cancer (stages C, D1 or D2). Patients were randomly assigned to receive 3.75 mg (30 cases), 7.5 mg (eight cases), 15 mg (eight cases) and 30 mg (one patient) leuprorelin acetate depot administered subcutaneously once every 4 weeks. Of the 43 patients evaluable, two (5%) had complete remission, 23 (53%) partial remission and 13 (30%) patients stable disease. No significant differences were observed in response rates in relation to dose, disease stage or previous hormonal therapy. Disappearance or improvement in bone pain and urinary symptoms occurred in 63% and 79% of cases, respectively. Serum androgen concentrations decreased rapidly and persistently to castration levels, without significant differences for different doses. Treatment was well tolerated with a low incidence of mild side-effects - gynaecomastia (16%), nausea/vomiting (13%) and diarrhoea (2%). It is concluded that 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate depot given subcutaneously once every 4 weeks is able to produce hormonal effects in all patients, an overall objective response comparable to that obtained using higher doses.
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PMID:Leuprorelin acetate depot in advanced prostatic cancer: a phase II multicentre trial. 210 83

From September, 1978, to November, 1980, 69 consecutive patients with locally advanced (T3-T4) prostatic adenocarcinoma, with or without distant metastases, were treated with oral estramustine phosphate. Dosage was 15 mg/kg/day for 2 months, followed by 5 mg/kg/day until progression. In the 48 evaluable patients with progressive disease that entry in the study, 1 complete response, 7 partial responses, 31 disease stabilizations, and 9 progressions were encountered (81.2% NPCP response rate). Karnofsky performance status equal to or less than 50 was predictive of poor response to estramustine phosphate. In the 10 evaluable patients with stabilized disease at entry in the study after orchiectomy, 2 complete responses, 4 partial responses, 3 disease stabilization, and 1 progression were noted. The major side effects observed were gynecomastia, nausea, and vomiting.
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PMID:Estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) treatment of T3-T4 prostatic carcinoma. 708 31

Twenty-five patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate were treated with Flutamide, a non-steroidal anti-androgen. All patients showed progression; the longest response was 120 weeks. The side effects were nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness and gynaecomastia.
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PMID:Flutamide in the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. 723 48

The efficacy and tolerability of a long term treatment (21-53 months; mean, 36) with a new injectable form of bromocriptine (Parlodel LAR, Sandoz) was assessed in 13 patients (9 males and 4 females, aged 14-68 yr) with macroprolactinoma. Parlodel LAR was administered deeply im once monthly, with 50 mg as the first dose. Depending on the patient's tolerability to the drug and the PRL levels, the dose was individually progressively increased to 100 mg (2 patients), 150 mg (3 patients), or 250 mg (4 patients). Persistently normal PRL levels were recorded in 4 patients even after the first injection and in 5 other patients treated with higher doses of Parlodel LAR (2 patients with 100 mg/month; 3 patients with 150 mg/month). The remaining 4 patients who were treated with 250 mg/month had a marked reduction of PRL levels (72-94%), but did not reach normalization. Two patients treated with 150 mg/month maintained normoprolactinemia in spite of subsequent dose reduction of Parlodel LAR to 50-100 mg/month. In 1 patient PRL plasma concentrations remained within normal range for 3 months after the transitory discontinuation of Parlodel LAR at the end of the first year of therapy. Regular menses were resumed in 1 of 3, and galactorrhea disappeared in 2 of 3 women. All male patients had a return of libido and potency; gynecomastia disappeared in both male patients, and galactorrhea disappeared in 1 of 2 male patients. Visual fields improved in all 5 patients; complete normalization occurred in 2 of them. A consistent shrinkage of the macroadenoma (23-100%) at different times after therapy was shown by magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography in 12 of 13 patients. Six patients reported mild/moderate side-effects (nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, or dizziness) within 24 h after the first injection. In 2 of these patients, mild side-effects persisted for 1-2 days after the first 3-6 injections, and in one patient, mild nausea was reported after each injection. In conclusion, in patients with macroprolactinoma, Parlodel LAR is an effective and well tolerated preparation of bromocriptine when administered once a month.
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PMID:Long term therapy of patients with macroprolactinoma using repeatable injectable bromocriptine. 843 94

The phase II study of flutamide, a pure anti-androgen, was performed to estimate the clinical doses on 165 hormone untreated or treated patients with prostatic cancer. The hormone-untreated patients were given orally flutamide of 90, 375, 750 or 1,125 mg/day in three divided doses daily for 12 weeks. Responses were not observed at the 90 mg/day dose except for improvement of clinical symptoms. However, an objective response rate of 48.8-46.7% was obtained at 375-1,125 mg/day doses. In hormone-treated patients including cases refractory to the previous hormonal treatment, the objective response rates were 13.3 and 8.3% in 375 and 750 mg/day flutamide groups, respectively. Side effects such as gynecomastia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abnormal laboratory findings such as the elevation of hepatic transaminases were observed. The incidence increased dose-dependently. Determinations of serum hormone levels revealed an increase in testosterone levels by the use of flutamide. In conclusion 375 mg/day of flutamide is the optimal dose in monotherapy for hormone-untreated patients with prostatic cancer, where the quality of life can be maintained compared with therapies involving testosterone suppression. This dose is also expected to show some efficacy in cases refractory to hormone treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of flutamide, a pure antiandrogen, in prostatic cancer phase II dose-finding study]. 850 39

A 58-year-old male presented with a rare case of brain metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production causing cerebellar hemorrhage with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and headache. Bronchogenic carcinoma manifesting as gynecomastia had been resected a few months previously. Neurological examination revealed left cerebellar ataxia. Neuroimaging showed multiple cerebellar metastases with cerebellar hemorrhage adjacent to the tentorium. Angiography demonstrated tumor staining fed by the hemispheric branch of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed. The left cerebellar hematoma was evacuated and the tumor was partially removed to prevent massive intraoperative hemorrhage and avoid brain stem injury. Histological examination showed the resected tumor was large cell carcinoma. hCG was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and was identified by immunohistochemical staining in tumor cells. The primary lesion of bronchogenic carcinoma showed choriocarcinomatous change because the tumor could produce hCG. The choriocarcinomatous cells with higher metastatic potential formed lesions in the brain, and finally intratumoral hemorrhage occurred producing the rapid development of symptoms.
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PMID:Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma with human chorionic gonadotropin production manifesting as cerebellar hemorrhage--case report. 1156 53

South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of HIV and AIDS in the world. HIV/AIDS patients face countless challenges, one of which is the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aimed to describe the ADRs reported in South Africa with reference to the type of ADRs, antiretrovirals (ARVs) implicated, seriousness of the ADRs and patient demographics associated with specific ADRs. A retrospective quantitative study was carried out using ADR reports submitted to the National Department of Health (NDoH) from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. A descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out to determine the strength of the relationships between different variables. A total of 2 489 reports were analysed. This study found evidence of ADRs among patients on regimens based on stavudine (n = 1 256, 50.46%), efavirenz (n = 572, 22.98%), zidovudine (n = 209, 8.40%), tenofovir (n = 203, 8.16%) and nevirapine (n = 153, 6.15%). The 10 most common ADRs reported with the use of ARVs were peripheral neuropathy (n = 472, 19%), lipodystrophy (n = 471, 18.9%), serious skin reactions (n = 266, 10.7%), gynaecomastia (n = 219, 8.8%), renal failure (n = 140, 5.6%), dizziness (n = 133, 5.3%), hyperlactatemia (n = 118, 4.7%), psychosis/hallucinations (n = 47, 1.9%), sleep disturbances (n = 44, 1.8%) and vomiting (n = 44, 1.8%). Female patients were more likely to experience peripheral neuropathy, lipodystrophy, skin rash, anaemia and hyperlactatemia, while male patients were more prone to experience gynaecomastia and peripheral neuropathy. In addition, patients aged 30-44 years reported the most ADRs. Most reactions resulted from the use of stavudine, efavirenz, zidovudine, nevirapine and tenofovir in the population groups identified in this study.
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PMID:Adverse drug reactions associated with antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. 2768 Nov 48

Mitotane is a cytostatic antineoplastic agent that is used in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome. The commonly reported side effects associated with mitotane are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased memory, rash, gynaecomastia, arthralgias and leucopenia. We present a case of a 68-year-old female who developed gradual dyspnoea concurrent with the use of mitotane for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge and literate review, this is the first reported case of dyspnoea associated with the use of this medication. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness about this uncommon adverse effect of mitotane that may have gone unrecognised on postmarketing surveillance because of under-reporting, lack of case follow-up or other comorbidities masking shortness of breath.
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PMID:Mitotane-induced dyspnoea: an unusual side effect. 3064 48


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