Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case history of an 18-year-old woman admitted 2 days after undergoing a therapeutic abortion with acute abdominal pain is reported. The patient denied nausea or vomiting, but she appeared very ill with a temperature of 38.3 degrees centigrade. Pelvic examination was normal. The possibility of gonococcal perihepatitis was considered. When endocervical secretions were Gram-stained, gram-negative intracellular diplococci and neisseria gonorrhoeae were cultured. The patient had only 1 sexual partner, but that partner had had intercourse with at least 2 other women during the same period he was intimate with the patient. The patient responded to intravenous penicillin and was discharged after 5 days of treatment. It was suspected that dissemination of the gonococci was during the therapeutic abortion via the fallopian tubes. Neither the patient nor her partner, it was emphasized, showed genital symptoms, therefore the need to screen potential abortion patients is acute with gonorrhea at the epidemic stage.
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PMID:Occurrence of gonococcal perihepatitis after therapeutic abortion. 44 81

In a double-blind randomized study, 155 male patients with uncomplicated urethral gonorrhea were given 200 mg (one capsule with 200 mg and one capsule with placebo; n = 77) or 400 mg (two capsules with 200 mg; n = 78) of enoxacin orally. The cure rates in the 200- and 400-mg treatment groups were 90 and 92%, respectively. The enoxacin MIC for the isolated Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains ranged from 0.015 to 0.12 microgram/ml. Postgonococcal urethritis was diagnosed in 29 (42%) patients in the 200-mg treatment group and 19 (26%) patients in the 400-mg treatment group. Side effects (nausea, headache, and vomiting) occurred in 2 (3%) of the 77 patients in the 200-mg treatment group and in 3 (4%) of the 78 patients in the 400-mg treatment group.
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PMID:Comparative double-blind study of 200- and 400-mg enoxacin given orally in the treatment of acute uncomplicated urethral gonorrhea in males. 311 54

Prophylactic doxycycline (tetracycline) antibiotic was tested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 1077 women having suction curettage abortion. All women attending Laval University Hospital family planning clinic for 1st trimester abortion from November 1985 to June 1986 participated in the trial, except those eliminated because of antibiotic allergy or treatment, gonorrhea, or cardiac disease. Doxycycline was given in 100 mg capsules, 1 hour before abortion, and 2 capsules 30 minutes afterward. 2 (0.4%) women without chlamydia who received antibiotic developed pelvic infection, compared to 15 (3.0%) who received placebos (p0.001). In the group with chlamydia, 1 (3.0%) given antibiotic developed pelvic infection, compared to 11 (26.2%) given placebo (p0.009). The only side effect of the medication was vomiting in 18%. All pelvic infections were cured within 2 weeks and no antibiotic resistance was apparent. A simulation of risk factors showed that nulliparity and multiple sex partners were associated with the greatest risk of pelvic infection. Use of doxycycline in these women would be 66% as effective and twice as efficient as general prophylaxis, but prophylactic antibiotics cannot be used without follow-up and observance of specific guidelines.
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PMID:Prophylactic antibiotics for suction curettage abortion: results of a clinical controlled trial. 327 93

For many years thiamphenicol has been the drug of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea at the Center for Venereal Disease of the University of Milan. During the last four years, 1,110 of 1,112 cases of uncomplicated gonorrhea treated with 500 mg of oral thiamphenicol three times a day for six days have been cured. Recently, the effectiveness of single-dose treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with this drug was evaluated. A dose of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol was given orally to 159 patients. The diagnosis of gonococcal infection was based on culture results in all cases. In 77 cases red and white blood cell counts and hemoglobin and serum iron determinations were made before and one week after therapy. Clinical and bacteriologic cure was achieved in 144 (90.6%) of the 159 patients. The only adverse reactions to the drug were transient diarrhea in ten patients, epigastric pain in two, and vomiting in one. No statistically significant variations were detected in blood tests.
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PMID:Treatment of gonorrhea with thiamphenicol. 644 Dec 82

In a multicenter, randomized, open, comparative trial, patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea were treated with 400 mg of oral fleroxacin or 250 mg of intramuscular ceftriaxone. A total of 458 men and 447 women were enrolled. Of these, 312 men (68%) and 245 women (55%) were evaluable for efficacy. The treatment groups were demographically similar. Among evaluable men, fleroxacin eradicated 154 of 155 (99%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.1-100%) urethral and 2 of 2 pharyngeal infections, while ceftriaxone eradicated 156 of 156 (95% CI: 99.4-100%) urethral and 5 of 5 pharyngeal infections. Among evaluable women, fleroxacin eradicated 127 of 128 (99%; 95% CI: 97.7-100%) cervical, 20 of 20 anorectal, 16 of 16 urethral, and 7 of 7 pharyngeal infections, while ceftriaxone eradicated 108 of 108 (95% CI: 99.1-100%) cervical, 24 of 24 anorectal, 25 of 25 urethral, and 9 of 9 pharyngeal infections. Adverse events were reported by 68 (16%) of 426 subjects in the fleroxacin group and 20 (5%) of 380 in the ceftriaxone group (p < 0.0001). The most common adverse events reported by the patients who received fleroxacin were nausea (5%), headache (3%), and vaginitis (3%). One patient had severe vomiting, 19 participants had adverse reactions classified as moderate, and 48 patients had mild adverse reactions. Fleroxacin was highly effective in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea and represents an oral alternative to ceftriaxone. Adverse events were more common with fleroxacin than with ceftriaxone.
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PMID:Multicenter trial of fleroxacin versus ceftriaxone in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. 845 87

Practical tips for using home pregnancy tests, for maximizing the hygienic effects of spermicides, and for minimizing the risk of toxic shock syndrome during use of contraceptive sponges are summarized here. All home pregnancy tests are comparable in accuracy: they differ in cost, type of read out and clarity of instructions. The most important tips to follow are to read directions and to wait 10 days after the missed period. It is best to do 2 tests, to visit a physician if the results differ, to continue contraception even if the first test is negative. Be wary of factors that may influence the result, such as drug intake, stress, weight loss and athletic training. Toxic shock syndrome, indicated by fever above 102 degrees Farenheit, brief rash, very low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain and later by peeling skin on hands and feet, is not associated unduly with using sponges. Those who have had toxic shock, or are menstruating, should not use sponges, nor should anyone wear one for more than 30 hours continuously. Spermicides, whether in foams, suppositories, creams, films or jellies, help to kill organisms causing sexually transmitted gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and pelvic infections. Their effectiveness is increased by consistent use such as adhering strictly to time limitations on the label, tabulated in this newsletter.
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PMID:How to choose, use a home pregnancy test. 1228 Aug 69

Cases of arthritis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae are infrequent and in our knowledge there are no case reports of tenosynovitis caused by S. agalactiae. A 46-year-old woman presented with fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, diarrhea and vomiting. She had a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma and functional hyposplenia. She was febrile, with arthritis in hands, wrists, elbows, right shoulder and left ankle joints, and presented tenosynovitis in both feet and left hand. Blood and right olecranon bursa sample cultures were positive for S. agalactiae. An ultrasound scan made at the musculus tibialis anterior of left foot revealed signs of tenosynovitis. She was treated with intravenous cefazolin for 20 days and oral cefuroxime for 12 days. The joint involvement completely subsided in 60 days. Streptococcus agalactiae can cause, infrequently, a polyarthritis and tenosynovitis syndrome similar to disseminated gonococcal infection.
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PMID:[Severe polyarthritis and tenosynovitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae in a patient with functional hyposplenia]. 1232 92

Cefetamet pivoxil is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin whose broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile make it particularly suitable for the treatment of a wide range of infectious diseases. Cefetamet has high in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause a number of respiratory tract and urinary tract infections. These include penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus spp, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is not active against staphylococci, enterococci, Pseudomonas spp. or Bacteroides fragilis but does inhibit most bile-sensitive (oral) Bacteroides spp. Animal toxicology studies indicate that neither cefetamet pivoxil nor the active compound cefetamet have significant teratogenic, mutagenic, photogenic or allergenic potential. Cefetamet is eliminated unchanged in the urine with a half-life of 2.2 h. Volume of distribution approximates the extracellular fluid space (0.3 1/kg), protein binding is minima (22%) and oral bioavailability of cefetamet pivoxil is approximately 50% when taken with food. No significant drug interactions have been noted to date. The efficacy and tolerability of cefetamet pivoxil have been evaluated in the treatment of gram-positive and gram-negative infections in almost 5,000 patients. In comparative studies, cefetamet pivoxil was at least as effective, and in many cases clinically superior, to most currently recommended antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections including gonorrhea and complicated infections in high risk patients. Efficacy has also been demonstrated in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and infections of the ear, nose and throat. Clinical trials have shown that a 7 day treatment period with cefetamet pivoxil is as effective as a 10 day course of phenoxymethylpenicillin in the treatment of pharyngotonsillitis. Cefetamet pivoxil has been well-tolerated in clinical trials with only 1.2% of patients on standard doses discontinuing therapy prematurely. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting) which occur in less than 10% of patients. Many current antibiotic treatment regimens involve the administration of three or more daily doses. However, standard doses of cefetamet pivoxil 500 mg twice daily provide unbound plasma concentrations of cefetamet which generally exceed the MIC(90) for susceptible organisms throughout the dosing interval and have been demonstrated to be clinically effective. This should result in good compliance with therapy in out-patients. Dosing regimens for cefetamet pivoxil should be adjusted in patients with impaired renal function while standard doses can be given to elderly patients and those with liver disease. Standard doses in children are 10 mg/kg or alternatively, children may receive a dose reduced in proportion to the ratio of their body surface area to that of an adult.
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PMID:Cefetamet pivoxil: a review of its microbiology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy. 1861 3

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease known to affect a variety of organ systems. Patients with SLE are more prone to developing common infections that can mimic the complications of SLE. As such, it is essential to differentiate complications of SLE from infection to ensure appropriate management and to improve morbidity and mortality of this patient population. Here we present a 24-year-old, Hispanic male, with SLE complicated by dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. The patient presented to the emergency room with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and admitted to the medicine service. Initial evaluation showed hypoalbuminemia coupled with elevated transaminases, INR, and total bilirubin consistent with acute liver failure. Further evaluation was negative for viral, toxic, metabolic, or vascular causes of acute failure. The patient was diagnosed with lupus hepatitis and associated acute hepatic failure, and started on high dose prednisone (60 mg daily). Complete resolution of liver function and symptoms was observed within 1 week at follow-up. The patient was readmitted 2 weeks after discharge with left scrotal pain and swelling after abruptly decreasing the prescribed prednisone dose 3 days after discharge. Physical exam and scrotal ultrasound in the emergency department were consistent with epididymitis. Urinalysis, urine culture, and gonorrhea and chlamydia PCR were all negative. Without evidence of infection, and upon reconfirmation of low serum complement levels, the patient was diagnosed with lupus epididymitis and restarted on high dose prednisone. Complete resolution of symptoms was attained within 1 week at follow-up. This case emphasizes the importance of differentiating the clinical manifestations of SLE from infection and the complexity of disease presentation in Hispanic patients.
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PMID:Acute Hepatic Failure and Epididymitis in a Hispanic Patient With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. 3011 43