Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the armamentarium for rhythm control, amiodarone has been a mainstay of therapy for the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although amiodarone has shown to be effective in maintaining sinus rhythm, it has many extracardiac adverse effects. Dronedarone, a benzofuran amiodarone derivative, is structurally modified to reduce toxicities often associated with chronic amiodarone therapy. With the addition of a methylsulfonyl group, dronedarone is less lipophilic, has lower tissue accumulation, and a much shorter serum half-life of 24 hours compared with amiodarone. Dronedarone is also designed without the iodine moieties that are responsible for thyroid dysfunctions associated with amiodarone. Similar to amiodarone, dronedarone exhibits electrophysiologic characteristics of all 4 Vaughan Williams classifications. Phase III clinical trials have shown dronedarone to be effective at reducing ventricular rate, reducing recurrence of AF, and reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with AF or atrial flutter (AFL). However, dronedarone was associated with increased mortality in one study that included patients with severe heart failure (HL) and left ventricular dysfunction. Overall, dronedarone appears to be well tolerated. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal in nature and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Because of its more favorable adverse effect profile, dronedarone is likely to be a useful addition to the therapeutic management of AF. However, further comparative studies with amiodarone are needed to define dronedarone's place in therapy more clearly.
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PMID:Dronedarone: a new antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. 1969 Apr 74

Dronedarone is an antiarrhythmic agent recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the reduction of cardiovascular-related hospitalizations in patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. The drug is a derivative of amiodarone and has been modified to reduce the organ toxicities frequently encountered with amiodarone. Dronedarone exerts its antiarrhythmic effects through multichannel blockade of the sodium, potassium, and calcium channels and also possesses antiadrenergic activity, thereby exhibiting pharmacologic effects of all four Vaughan Williams classes of antiarrhythmics. The efficacy of dronedarone for the maintenance of sinus rhythm, ventricular rate control, and reduction in cardiovascular-related hospitalizations has been demonstrated in several randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Although a high rate of gastrointestinal events (e.g., nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) has been associated with dronedarone, more serious adverse events such as thyroid, liver, or pulmonary toxicities have not been observed. Because of a possible increase in mortality, dronedarone should be avoided in patients with New York Heart Association class IV or II-III heart failure with a recent decompensation. Given the efficacy and safety data currently available, dronedarone represents a reasonable alternative for maintenance of sinus rhythm in appropriately selected patients.
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PMID:Dronedarone: a new antiarrhythmic agent. 2079 46

We report a case of superior mesenteric artery thrombosis after the abrupt discontinuation of rivaroxaban in a 59-year-old male patient. The initial presentation was of sudden onset abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hematochezia in the setting of recently holding rivaroxaban anticoagulation for an atrial flutter ablative procedure. Imaging revealed thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery and acute mesenteric ischemia requiring emergent surgical intervention for embolectomy. Upon exploratory laparotomy, the bowel was found to be viable, and an embolectomy with patch angioplasty was successful without complication. This case illustrates the need for emergency medicine clinician familiarity with this possible medication adverse event with rivaroxaban.
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PMID:Superior mesenteric artery thrombosis after abrupt discontinuation of rivaroxaban. 2643 93

Atraumatic rupture of the normal spleen is a rare entity. Often, a triggering factor or minor physical event can be ascribed as the aetiology for rupture, including coughing, vomiting or minor medical procedures not involving the spleen. A 65-year-old man who was hospitalised for eosinophilic pneumonia developed haemodynamically unstable atrial flutter that necessitated urgent synchronised direct current cardioversion (DCCV). Two hours after successful cardioversion, he developed signs of an acute abdomen with free intraperitoneal fluid identified on bedside ultrasonography. Exploratory laparotomy revealed gross haemoperitoneum and splenic rupture requiring splenectomy. With exception of capsular defects and haemorrhage suggestive of organ rupture, the gross and histological examination of the spleen was otherwise unremarkable. The patient denied recent trauma. The cause of his spleen rupture was attributed to cardioversion and subsequent abdominal muscle contraction. This represents the first known case of splenic rupture associated with DCCV.
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PMID:Splenic rupture following synchronised direct current cardioversion. 2879 Jan 1

We present the case of an 82-year-old man with a history of heart failure, mitral regurgitation, type 2 DM, hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy and a paroxysmal atrial flutter. The patient was under treatment with Sintrom. The patient presented to the emergency department due to melenic depositions of a one day evolution and dietary vomiting. There was no rectal bleeding and the patient was admitted three months previously due to self-limited melena with a normal gastroscopy. Anemia of 8 g and an overdose of Sintrom was diagnosed. A gastroscopy was performed and a large duodenal diverticulum with a fresh clot was found that was washed. A Dieulafoy lesion was subsequently found underneath with jet bleeding, which was sclerotic with adrenaline and a hemoclip. There was a favorable evolution after correcting the coagulopathy.
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PMID:A Dieulafoy's lesion in a duodenal diverticulum. An infrequent cause of UGIB. 2942 17


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