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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal malrotation without volvulus in infants and children is often difficult to diagnose because of less dramatic clinical features, e.g. failure to thrive and intermittent bile stained vomiting, compared to the patients with volvulus. A plain x-ray of the abdomen may show the characteristic "double bubble sign", otherwise a barium meal will give the diagnosis. A follow-up study of 18 patients of whom 14 had an operation showed that all but one were free of symptoms after a median observation period of 205 months (range 20-317). It is concluded that any patient presenting with a symptomatic intestinal malrotation should be offered an operation except for the type with a mobile caecum.
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PMID:Intestinal malrotation without volvulus in infancy and childhood. 356 7

We describe 9 infants (ranging from 1 to 6 1/2 months) in whom a surgical pathology (gastro-esophageal reflux and/or pyloric stenosis) was associated with cow's milk intolerance (CMI). In all cases vomiting and/or failure to thrive did not disappear after surgery. The patients recovered only after dietary manipulation by cow's milk protein free diet. In 5 out of 9 cases, multiple food intolerances were present (soy and/or casein hydrolysates). In all cases the diagnosis of CMI was confirmed by challenge test. The connections between CMI and abdominal surgery in infancy are discussed.
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PMID:Cow's milk intolerance and abdominal surgery: a puzzling connection. 358 70

A patient is described who presented at an early age with failure to thrive and vomiting, and had a gross excretion of formimino glutamic acid. She had normal concentration of serum folate and vitamin B12, and no haematological abnormalities, and is not mentally retarded. The Michaelis constant for erythrocyte formimino glutamate transferase was in the normal range, but the enzyme behaves differently from that from reference subjects with respect to inhibitors and activators.
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PMID:Erythrocyte formimino glutamate transferase in FIGLU aciduria. 360 14

A retrospective study was carried out of children undergoing Nissen fundoplication and pyloroplasty for the correction of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Twenty children (thirteen males, seven females) aged 8 months to 12 years underwent surgery over a 10 year period. Forty per cent were mentally retarded. Presentation was failure to thrive in 19 (95 per cent), recurrent vomiting in 18 (90 per cent) and haematemesis in 14 (70 per cent). Four children had Barrett's oesophagus. There were no operative or perioperative mortalities. Follow-up (mean period 3 years, 9 months) revealed no further symptoms of reflux. The 'normal' children gained weight postoperatively whereas the 'retarded' group did not. Adhesion obstruction (10 per cent) was the major late postoperative complication. Regression of Barrett's epithelium was noted endoscopically. 'Gas-bloat' syndrome, a major complication following fundoplication, was not encountered.
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PMID:Nissen fundoplication and pyloroplasty in the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children. 360 5

Until 1980, 300 cases of gastric volvulus had been reported in the literature. Of these only 50 had presented in children. The disease is considered rare. We reviewed our experience at Sainte-Justine, in the last 30 years and found 10 cases, all of which diagnosed since 1980. Four patients were under one year of age. The other six were between 3 and 17 years old. In five the presentation was acute and three had had similar previous episodes. In 5 patients the presentation was chronic and in four of these the symptoms dated from birth. Seven associated anomalies were present in 6 cases. Diagnosis was made by x-rays. Eight patients were treated successfully with gastropexy. One premature baby was treated medically. Perhaps this entity is more common than generally thought. It should be suspected in an infant with regurgitation or vomiting and failure to thrive, and in a child with chronic, intermittent or acute upper abdominal pain and distension.
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PMID:[Gastric volvulus in children]. 360 87

During a two year period 48 children admitted to hospitals in the Blackburn district were found to have cryptosporidium in stool samples. Cryptosporidium accounted for 6% of the 742 cases of childhood gastroenteritis, being as common as campylobacter. Altogether, 89% of children with cryptosporidiosis had diarrhoea, which was usually offensive and watery, and 80% vomited, the mean duration of both symptoms being six days. A substantial proportion were moderately ill with dehydration and persistent vomiting. Over half of all cases were aged 2 years or more and 37% were over 5 years. Most of the ill children were over 2 years, in contrast with other cases of gastroenteritis. Eight children were less than the 3rd centile for weight and three of these were investigated for failure to thrive. Only 6% of cases occurred in Asian children, but Asians accounted for 32% of all admissions with gastroenteritis and 59% of admissions with shigella. This unexpected ethnic difference may be due to limited contact with animals among Asians or to differences in diet.
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PMID:Two year study of cryptosporidium infection. 361 72

A retrospective study based upon 100 consecutive antireflux operations performed in children for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in the last 9 years enables the authors to elaborate on indications and their timing. The clinical pictures, often combined in this series, were vomiting (85%), respiratory disease (50%), failure to thrive (47%), haemorrhage (25%), brain damage (16%), rumination (6%), oesophageal stenosis (4%), torticollis (3%) and cricopharyngeal dysphagia (1%). Five children had been previously operated upon for oesophageal atresia. Hiatal hernia was found in only 10 instances. Only 9 children were operated upon before the age of 12 months. Overall operative age was high (52.5 months) and that of patients with neurologic disease was even higher (81.3 months) probably as a result of delayed diagnosis. This experience underlines the limitations of medical treatment beyond the age of 12 months, the poor reliability of disappearance of vomiting as an index of cure during the first year and the need for facing operative indications without prejudgements based on traditional ideas that do not take into consideration clinical manifestations of GER disease which are currently well established.
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PMID:[Indications for the surgery of gastroesophageal reflux in children]. 363 70

Dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter was found in five out of 44 children with gastroesophageal reflux. Three of the five children had mental retardation associated with Silver Russell syndrome, 5p syndrome, or minimal change myopathy. The five patients had swallowing disorders, vomiting, and failure to thrive; four also had pulmonary aspiration. Esophageal manometry showed incomplete upper esophageal sphincter relaxation in two patients, upper esophageal sphincter relaxation incoordinated with pharyngeal contractions in two other patients, and both incomplete and incoordinated upper esophageal sphincter relaxation in the last patient. Intensive and successful treatment of gastroesophageal reflux did not improve swallowing or symptoms of pulmonary aspiration in four children. The fifth patient underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy, with complete resolution of respiratory and swallowing symptoms. It is suggested that a dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter, either primary or secondary to neuromuscular disorders, may play a role in the swallowing disorders and respiratory symptoms of pediatric patients.
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PMID:Disorders of upper esophageal sphincter motility in children. 368 74

Two cases of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) developed in 74 patients treated for oesophageal atresia. Treatment of oesophageal atresia is frequently followed by vomiting and failure to thrive due to gastrooesophageal reflux or anastomotic stricture. The diagnose of IHPS must be considered in such patients under the age of 8 weeks as symptoms of IHPS are similar to those of gastrooesophageal reflux. The diagnose of IHPS is strongly supported by the presence of a non-carbonic alkalosis. Contrast studies including oesophagus, stomach and duodenum are to be made early in the course, as clinical signs of IHPS are often masked.
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PMID:Development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in patients treated for oesophageal atresia. A case report. 371 46

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus usually presents with polyuria, polydipsia, fever, vomiting, dehydration and failure to thrive. However, in infancy polyuria may be absent because of dehydration and reduced glomerular filtration rate. In 2 cases the main presenting feature was hypotonia, with marked head lag. Family studies confirmed the X-linked mode of inheritance of the disease; in case 1 the disease appeared to have arisen as a new mutation in the mother, and in case 2 the carrier status was traced back to the great-grandmother. Pitfalls in the diagnosis and detection of the carriers are discussed. Treatment with thiazide diuretics and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors is effective in reducing urine volumes and polydipsia. The early detection of the disease and adequate management may prevent such complications as megacystis, mega-ureter and hydronephrosis, with resulting renal failure. Mental and physical retardation may also be avoided.
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PMID:Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus presenting with infantile hypotonia. A report of 2 cases. 373 62


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