Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Food allergy in childhood presents with different clinical manifestations depending on the age of the affected child. Whereas toddlers and children with food allergy or pseudo-allergy present with similar symptoms as adults, two different forms have been identified in the newborn and infant period. One can occur as allergic colitis in breast or bottle fed infants. In breast fed infants the bloody mucoid stools are produced because of an allergic reaction of the colonic mucosa to foreign proteins which are delivered to the baby via breast milk. In bottle fed infants the given foreign protein itself can trigger the allergic reaction. The clinical, endoscopical and histological appearance is similar to that of ulcerative colitis. Elimination of foreign proteins from the diet of the mother or in bottle fed infants from the child is the therapy of choice. The second manifestation of food allergy in this age group is the cow's milk protein intolerance with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and failure to thrive. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture alone. The usual laboratory tests don't discriminate enough and can therefore not confirm the diagnosis. Elimination of the affecting protein and replacement by a semi-elementary diet are recommended for therapy. The prevention of allergies by dietetic means has become of great importance since it was possible to identify newborns at risk for allergies. The prolonged breast feeding and the late introduction of solids later than the sixth month of life is the preventive measure. "Hypoallergenic" formulae are not recommended because not enough solid data are available to confirm their preventive effect.
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PMID:[Food allergies]. 267 75

Twenty-eight cases of urinary tract infection in newborns with positive urinoculture and suggestive clinical symptomatology are reviewed. The incidence was 0.24%, being most frequent in preterm and postterm newborns. Male neonates was more affected. Failure to thrive, excessive weight loss, poor feeding, diarrhoea, vomiting and jaundice are the most relevant clinical signs. E. coli and Klebsiella are the most frequent organism isolated, followed by Enterobacter and Candida. The presence of metabolic acidosis and leukocituria using a bag technique were the most accurate laboratory data to suspect a urinary tract infection.
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PMID:[Urinary tract infection in the newborn infant]. 269 89

Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (SNE; Leigh's disease), though a defined entity in neuropathological and morphological terms, is characterized by high clinical heterogenity. SNE of infancy can be defined and diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms more readily than juvenile and adult forms. Four patients with SNE displayed combinations of recurrent vomiting, difficulty in swallowing, failure to thrive, impairment of ocular innervation, muscle tone regulation and central regulation of respiration. These symptoms, particularly in combination, point to a disorder of the brainstem and basal ganglia. In addition, all four patients were suffering from lactic acidosis. Other possible indicators, but not in all 4 patients, were abnormal CT brain scans, impaired nerve conduction velocity, elevated CSF protein levels and enlarged mitochondria in muscle cells. Abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials have proved to be one of the best criteria for early diagnosis of brainstem lesions. Enzyme assays of pyruvate degradation in cultured skin fibroblasts revealed diminished activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in one patient (52 pmol/mg protein x min; median range 313, 82-917, n: 58). This paper summarizes the findings and proposes primary and secondary criteria of assistance in establishing an initial clinical diagnosis of infantile SNE. As no common pathogenetic mechanisms have yet been recognized and no uniform diagnostic markers are yet available, the diagnosis still requires confirmation by histological examination of brain and brainstem, as was the case with all four patients presented.
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PMID:[Diagnostic criteria in classical infantile subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease)]. 271 38

We report a case of Wolman disease, an unusual autosomal recessive disease characterized by storage of lipid in histiocytes. Storage of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides is caused by lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. This enzyme hydrolyses the cholesteryl esters of LDL thus allowing their peripherical metabolism. Onset of the disease occurs after the first month of life with hepatosplenomegaly, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distension, failure to thrive. Diagnosis, suspected because of calcifications of the adrenals was achieved by demonstration of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. Carriers of the disease can be identified by enzyme assays in lymphocytes and fibroblasts and prenatal diagnosis can be accomplished by lysosomal acid lipase assays in cultured amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi.
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PMID:A case of acid lipase deficiency: Wolman's disease. 272 90

Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is an inborn error of metabolism which usually presents in infancy with failure to thrive and vomiting. Two patients are described who presented in adult life with hyperammonaemic coma due to LPI. Both had been underweight and had had intermittent gastrointestinal symptoms during childhood. They were of normal intellect and had maintained good health, until presentation in their thirties, by unconscious dietary protein avoidance. The diagnosis of LPI should be considered in patients who present with obscure relapsing coma associated with hyperammonaemia. Considerable clinical improvement may result from dietary protein restriction and citrulline supplementation.
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PMID:Familial lysinuric protein intolerance presenting as coma in two adult siblings. 273 36

"Z"--shaped duodenum and "roller - coaster" duodenum are synonyms for malfixation of the duodenum. This rare malformation has been described recently. We report 4 cases (ages 3 months-9 years) with: --intermittent abdominal pain; --bilious vomiting; --failure to thrive. Radiologic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract revealed a malformation of the distal duodenum (D2-D3) which presented a "Z" or "M" form and under fluoroscopy, this portion was very mobile, causing intermittent obstruction when it became kinked. All attempts of medical management have failed. At surgery, all the bands were cut, giving the duodenum a normal shape. The symptoms disappeared after surgery. Follow-up between 4 months and 3 years showed the patients were completely asymptomatic.
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PMID:[Fixation anomaly of the duodenum. Apropos of 4 cases]. 274 6

Seventy-five infants and children presenting during the period December 1984 to December, 1987 with the clinical features of vomiting, failure to thrive, chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia and atypical asthma were evaluated for gastroesophageal reflux by standard barium esophagram. Fifty six cases (74.7%) and as many as 80% of the infants studied had gastroesophageal reflux; Grade II reflux was seen in 12 cases, Grade III in 30 and Grade IV in 14 cases. The patients with gastroesophageal reflux were put on medical treatment. All the patients had subjective improvement after 6 weeks to 6 months of conservative treatment and none of them developed further complications of gastroesophageal reflux during a follow-up period varying from two months to fifteen months. Anti-reflux surgery was not considered owing to the subjective improvement in all the patients on conservative treatment. We conclude that gastroesophageal reflux is very common in infants and children and urge the need to evaluate the patients presenting with the symptoms suggesting gastroesophageal reflux by barium esophagram; conservative treatment is the mainstay in the management of these children.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. 275 28

We study 22 children with clinical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. The main manifestations were: frequent vomiting, failure to thrive and repetitive pneumonia. In all of them we perform barium esophagogram (SEGD) with fluoroscopy, esophageal manometry (EM) and a four hours intraesophageal pH measurement. Thirteen of the twenty two children present a pathologic reflux (ERGE); in 16 we found SEGD that show reflux; three of them had an abnormal EM, the other 13 were normal. Seven patients showed alteration of the intraesophageal pH measurement. In conclusion the intraesophageal pH measurement in short period of time (4 hours) is a good method in the diagnosis of patients with ERGE.
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PMID:[Intraesophageal pH in children with suspected reflux]. 275 73

In the analysed material of 55 cases of subdural hygroma in children the authors found that the hygroma was most frequently a complication of inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system and diarrhoea. The analysis showed that recurrent vomiting, febrile states, failure to thrive should be an indication to diagnostic investigations for subdural hygroma. The simplest and most useful method is transillumination of the skull which was positive in 84% of cases.
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PMID:[Subdural hygroma in children]. 281 50

An 8-week-old infant presented with vomiting and failure to thrive due to small bowel obstruction caused by a diffusely enlarged pancreas. Surgical bypass of the obstruction was followed by secretory diarrhea, hypokalemia, and dehydration. Plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (823pg/ml), pancreatic polypeptide (4,500 pg/ml), and neurotensin (680 pg/ml) concentrations were markedly elevated. No neoplastic process was identified. Therapy with the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 was followed by decline in VIP concentrations (900 to 200-300 pg/ml), decrease in stool frequency, and normalization of serum electrolytes. During 12 months of somatostatin analogue therapy, length and weight progressed along the 3rd percentile on the Tanner growth chart.
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PMID:Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria syndrome in an infant: effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 on the disease and linear growth. 289 8


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