Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 50 patients in Thailand suspected clinically of having exanthem, subitum, 31 (62%) were serodiagnosed as HHV-6 infection. Sixteen strains of HHV-6 from 31 patients (52%) whose antibody titers had converted during convalescence were isolated during the acute phase. The disease occurred in infants from 3 months to 1 year of age and most frequently at age 4-6 months. Antibody only to HHV-6 converted in 23 of 50 patients (46%), and seroconversion to HHV-6 and dengue virus was observed in 7 patients (14%), and to HHV-6 and Coxsackie B virus in 1 case (2%). In the 23 patients in whom seroconversion only to HHV-6 was observed, all had fever and rash which appeared after subsidence of the fever. Lymphadenopathy and relative lymphocytosis were recognized, associated with diarrhea, vomiting, running nose, cough and hepatomegaly. Febrile convulsions were seen in some cases. All patients recovered completely within a week.
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PMID:Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection and exanthem subitum in Thailand. 166 77

Two-hundred-forty-eight patients undergoing abdominal surgery were admitted to a multicentric clinical trial. The patients were randomly assigned to a single i.v. dose of ketoprofen or acetylsalicylic acid, 15 minutes after the end of operation. Ketoprofen showed a better analgesic activity with a statistically significant difference at 2 and 4 hours after administration. Two patients treated with ketoprofen reported vomiting and skin rash respectively. The results of this study confirm the efficacy of ketoprofen for the prophylaxis of postoperative pain in abdominal surgery.
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PMID:[Ketoprofen in the prevention of postoperative pain in abdominal surgery. A multicenter study]. 175 42

We compared two nonionic contrast agents (ioxaglate and iohexol) with an ionic agent (Renografin-76) on the effects of ventriculography and coronary arteriography on the hemodynamics, electrocardiography, and serum creatinine in one hundred consecutive patients. Patients were randomized to nonionic or ionic groups and were further evaluated regarding the effect of fluid loading prior to catheterization. The ionic agent more often produced subjective reactions (rash, nausea/vomiting). Following ventriculography, both ionic and non-ionic agents produced an increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure and this effect was undetermined by fluid loading. Nonionic agents decreased aortic diastolic pressure following ventriculography and this effect was unaltered by fluid loading. In contrast, the ionic agent produced profound hemodynamic changes (drop in both systolic and diastolic pressures) following coronary arteriography and these effects were blunted by prior fluid loading. The ionic agent produced significantly greater heart rate slowing and prolongation of the QT interval than the nonionic agents, suggesting that the latter are potentially less arrhythmogenic. Comparing the two non-ionic agents, we found that both decreased aortic diastolic pressure and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure following ventriculography. Iohexol produced greater heart rate slowing than did ioxaglate, though the increase was minor compared to the ionic agent. Neither nonionic agent appeared to significantly affect serum creatinine. In conclusion, the two nonionic agents appeared to offer significant advantages over the ionic agent in ventriculography and coronary arteriography.
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PMID:Comparison of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents in cardiac catheterization: the effects of ventriculography and coronary arteriography on hemodynamics, electrocardiography, and serum creatinine. 191 99

We conducted a randomized trial to compare the efficacy of imipenem/cilastatine (IPM/CS) monotherapy with that of a combination of latamoxef (LMOX) and tobramycin (TOB) in the initial management of fever and neutropenia in patients with lung cancer. Leukocytopenic febrile patients (less than 3,000 leukocytes per microliters; temperature greater than 38 degrees C) with lung cancer given induction therapy were randomly assigned to receive intravenous treatment with either 1 g IPM/CS twice daily or 2 g LMOX plus 90 mg TOB twice daily. A total 101 febrile episodes were studied. Fifty-one episodes were treated with IPM/CS and 50 with LMOX+TOB. Fifty-nine of the febrile episodes were bacteriologically confirmed, while an organism could not be isolated despite the presence of obvious clinical infection in the remaining 42. The response rate was 82% with IPM/CS and 80% with combination therapy. This difference was not statistically significant. The response rate regarding gram-negative infections was 10 out of 14 (71%) in the IPM/CS group and seven out of 12 (58%) in the LMOX+TOB group. This difference was also not significant (P = 0.484). The response rate in severely neutropenic patients (neutrophils less than 100/microliters) was low (P = 0.078). Three patients in the IPM/CS group were withdrawn from the study due to skin rash and vomiting. Therapy with IPM/CS monotherapy was as effective as a combination regimen.
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PMID:A randomized trial comparing imipenem/cilastatine alone with latamoxef plus tobramycin in febrile neutropenic patients with lung cancer. 180 48

Since continuous exposure increases the cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil, this agent is now commonly administered by 4-5 day continuous infusions. However Phase I studies have suggested that infusion of doses up to 450 mg/m2/day for at least 28 days may be possible. In the present study 12 patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with continuous infusion 5-Fluorouracil at starting doses of 400-450 mg/m2/day for 28 days followed by a 14 day rest period. Patients received a median of 2.5 cycles over 10 weeks for a median total 5-Fluorouracil dose of 12,700 mg/m2. One patient achieved Partial Response. Significant stomatitis (Grade II or greater) was seen more frequently than predicted from Phase I studies (8/12 patients) and was the most common cause for dose reduction. Diarrhea, emesis, palmar/plantar syndrome and skin rash were also noted. No significant myelosuppression was seen. Extremely large amounts of 5-Fluorouracil can be delivered to head and neck cancer patients by extended infusion. However due to the high frequency of stomatitis in this population, lower starting doses than those used in this study may be required.
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PMID:Tolerance of extended (28 day) continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil in advanced head and neck cancer. 183 3

Amonafide (benzisoquinolinedione, nafidimide, NSC 308847) is an anticancer agent that functions as a DNA intercalator. Sixteen patients with stage III or IV non-small-cell lung cancer who had not previously received chemotherapy were given amonafide at an initial dose of 300 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 5 days every 21 days. No major objective responses were observed among the 14 patients adequately treated (95% confidence limits 0-20%). Local reactions at the injection site or phlebitis were seen in 14 of the 16 patients. Leukopenia (44%), nausea or vomiting (38%), and thrombocytopenia and rash (each 25%) were also noted. With the low response rate and the toxicity observed, amonafide at this dosage and schedule has limited use in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Phase II trial of amonafide in patients with stage III and IV non-small-cell lung cancer. 185 87

Cefixime was compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media in a randomized trial. Results of tympanocentesis on day 3 to 5 of therapy were used as the major outcome. Total daily doses were 8 mg/kg of cefixime and 40 mg/kg of amoxicillin. One hundred twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment; 64 cultures grew pathogens. Pathogens were eradicated from the middle ear after 3 to 5 days of therapy in 27 (79.4%) of 34 children given amoxicillin and 26 (86.7%) of 30 children given cefixime (p = 0.47). When Streptococcus pneumoniae cases were analyzed, bacteriologic cure occurred in 14 (93.3%) of 15 children given amoxicillin and 12 (75%) of 16 given cefixime (p = 0.333). When cases of Haemophilus influenzae infection were analyzed, significantly more cures occurred with cefixime (10/10, 100%) than amoxicillin (8/13, 62%) (p = 0.046). Pathogens associated with failure of amoxicillin therapy were H. influenzae (five cases, two beta-lactamase-positive), S. pneumoniae (one case), and Moraxella catarrhalis (one case, beta-lactamase-positive). The four failures with cefixime therapy were all in patients infected with S. pneumoniae. Rates of rash, diarrhea, and vomiting were the same in both groups and did not necessitate stopping therapy. We conclude the following: (1) Cefixime and amoxicillin were equivalent in overall clinical and bacteriologic efficacy for otitis media. (2) Cefixime was more efficacious than amoxicillin in treating H. influenzae otitis media and should be preferred when H. influenzae is the suspected etiologic agent. (3) Side effects of both drugs were mild and equivalent.
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PMID:Cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media. 190 97

The major use of N-acetylcysteine in clinical toxicology is in the treatment of acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdosage. The hepatorenal toxicity of acetaminophen is mediated by a reactive metabolite normally detoxified by reduced glutathione. If glutathione is depleted, covalent binding to macromolecules and/or oxidation of thiol enzymes can lead to cell death. Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine or oral D,L-methionine mitigates acetaminophen-induced hepatorenal damage if given within 10 hours, but becomes less effective thereafter. In vivo, N-acetylcysteine forms L-cysteine, cystine, L-methionine, glutathione, and mixed disulfides; L-methionine also forms cysteine, thus giving rise to glutathione and other products. Oral therapy with N-acetylcysteine or methionine for acetaminophen poisoning is contraindicated in the presence of coma or vomiting, or if activated charcoal has been given by mouth. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur as a result of oral N-acetylcysteine administration. Anaphylactoid reactions including angioedema, bronchospasm, flushing, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, rash, tachycardia, and respiratory distress may occur 15-60 minutes into N-acetylcysteine infusion (20 hours intravenous regimen) in up to 10% of patients. Following accidental intravenous overdosage, the adverse reactions of N-acetylcysteine are similar but more severe; fatalities have occurred. A reduction in the loading dose of N-acetylcysteine may reduce the risk of adverse reactions while maintaining efficacy. Administration of N-acetylcysteine for a longer period might provide enhanced protection for patients in whom acetaminophen absorption or elimination is delayed. N-acetylcysteine may also have a role in the treatment of toxicity from carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloropropane, and other compounds. The possible use of N-acetylcysteine and other agents in the prevention of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acute carbon monoxide poisoning is an important area for future research.
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PMID:Use of N-acetylcysteine in clinical toxicology. 192 4

Atypical measles syndrome has been reported extensively in the pediatric medical literature. However, the clinical picture in the adult is similar to that of many other diseases, making the diagnosis elusive. The case reported here was unusually morbid. The patient, a young man, had been in excellent health until the onset of a perplexing syndrome. When seen by the author, he had been ill for 1 week with chills, pharyngitis, and vomiting; later, a nonpruritic, maculopapular rash developed. Symptoms progressed to pneumonitis and hepatitis. A rubeola titer was obtained and was found to be considerably elevated. Because of the high titer and the fact that the patient had been immunized against measles in early childhood, the diagnosis was atypical measles syndrome. Two theories are offered to explain the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Atypical measles: a diagnostic conundrum. 193 6

In a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study, 400 women with symptoms of acute urinary tract infections were treated with either a 7-day course of temafloxacin hydrochloride (400 mg once a day; n = 204) or a 10-day course of trimethoprim (160 mg) and sulfamethoxazole (800 mg) (TMP-SMZ) twice daily (n = 196). The bacteriologic cure rates at 5 to 9 days posttherapy were 100% in the temafloxacin group and 97% in the TMP-SMZ group (P = 0.035). The clinical cure rates were 93% in the temafloxacin group and 95% in the TMP-SMZ group (P greater than 0.1). Adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, rash, headache, and dizziness, were experienced by 19.6% of the temafloxacin group and 23.5% of the TMP-SMZ group. Transient leukopenia occurred in 0.5 and 4.1% of the temafloxacin and TMP-SMZ groups, respectively. Temafloxacin, 400 mg once a day for 7 days, appears to be at least as safe and effective as a 10-day course of TMP-SMZ in the management of acute urinary tract infection in women.
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PMID:Comparative, double-blind, prospective, multicenter trial of temafloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. 195 47


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