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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a literary synopsis we inform about eating addiction or binges already known in antiquity and differentiated as bulimos (fames bovina) respectively as kynorexia (fames canina), partially in a still true description. The syndrome, occurring increasingly since one decade, consists of periodically pathological and excessive devouring of food, mostly consecutive restrictive diet and/or vomiting, use of laxatives, depressivity, experience of shame and guilt s.o. At a prevalency of 5% of the (psychiatric) patients mainly women (95%) are concerned, showing a postpubertary begin of disease. In spite of certain connexions to the anorexia nervosa we have to define the bulimia as its counterpart. The different etiological conceptions suppose an epilepsy-like disorder, an attachment to the (endogenic) depression or the presumption of neuro-endocrine events. Largely it is applied to intra- and interpsychical neurotic conflictuality, though actually behavioristical aspects seem to be preferred. The therapeutic intentions comprise anticonvulsives and antidepressives in view of medicamentous treatment; the psychical treatment comprises psychoanalysis, outpatient and inpatient clinical psychotherapy and all actually usual methods up to self-help groups.
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PMID:[Bulimia]. 389 7

Fifty patients were examined clinically and neurologically for seven days after pneumoencephalography. Headache was present in 78%, neck stiffness in 34%, pyrexia in 38%, vomiting in 34%, tachycardia in 74%, a change in the level of consciousness in 18%, and abnormal neurological signs in 30%. Of the 13 patients with epilepsy, there was an increased frequency of seizures in four, associated with increased EEG epileptiform activity in three. EEG abnormality either appeared or increased in 74% of cases on the second day after the air study. A mechanism for the production of these sequelae is proposed. It is concluded that these findings indicate that in most cases an organic brain syndrome follows pneumoencephalography.
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PMID:Sequelae to pneumoencephalography. 469 87

The convulsant properties of methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM), which is a homologue of a putative benzodiazepine receptor ligand in the mammalian central nervous system, were examined in cats. Subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg/kg of the beta-CCM produced various degrees of myoclonic jerks always accompanied by cortical spike burst. Some autonomic symptoms such as tachypnea, hypersecretion of thick mucous saliva, vomiting and mydriasis were also presented. Subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg/kg of the compound induced a generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. Injection of the same amount of the drug 1 hour later in the same cats failed to provoke a generalized seizure. Repeated injection of the same dose 3 hours later provoked a generalized seizure, but with a longer latency. However, repetition of the experiments 24 hours after or 10 days after the first injection consistently induced the same type of generalized seizure with the same latency as the first injections. These results support the suggestion that the pharmacological effect, especially the convulsive effect, of beta-CCM is dose-related, reversible and reproducible in the same cats and among different cats. Moreover, the postictal refractory period in this model of epilepsy may continue about for 3 hours.
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PMID:[Potent convulsant effects of a benzodiazepine inverse agonist, methyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate in cats]. 649 25

Bulimia (bulimia nervosa; binge eating) is characterized by episodic eating of large amounts of food, followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse. Psychotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment and often has been unsuccessful. The similarity of bulimia to major depression has led to evaluation of antidepressant drugs for treatment of the disease. Imipramine has proven effective in reducing binging episodes, and further evaluation of antidepressants seems warranted. Phenytoin also has been effective in some cases, suggesting that bulimia may be a neurologic disorder analogous to epilepsy. Optimal treatment may be antidepressants combined with a nutrition/psychotherapy program.
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PMID:Treatment of bulimia. 658 Jan 31

Because nonepileptic disorders may cause episodic and paroxysmal symptoms that resemble epilepsy, these conditions and syndromes must be considered in the differential diagnosis or when antiepileptic drugs are ineffective. Gastroesophageal reflux usually presents as recurrent vomiting in infants and young children. A small subgroup of infants develop apnea and cyanosis accompanied by posturing of the limbs, deviation of the eyes, or opisthotonos, which leads to the incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy. Breathholding spells and pallid infantile syncope, common in infants and young children, may also be mistaken for epileptic attacks. The parasomnias, including pavor nocturnus and somnambulism, are frequently mistaken for epilepsy, since these nocturnal episodes are paroxysmal in nature, may be associated with automatic behavioral mannerisms, and tend to be recurrent. Migraine is especially difficult to differentiate from epilepsy because its manifestations, particularly in children, are so diverse. Other disorders that may superficially mimic epilepsy include transient ischemic attacks, syncope, and transient global amnesia.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of episodic symptoms. 661 95

Valproic acid, used alone or in combination with other anticonvulsants in 100 children with epilepsy, improved seizure control in all age groups. Mean improvement in seizure control was 82%. Petit mal seizures responded best, but other types of seizures, even with associated mental and physical handicaps, also responded well. A substantial improvement in alertness and behavior often occurred. Leukopenia (27%) and an elevated SGOT value (44%) were frequent but transient. Other side effects included alopecia (1), gastrointestinal distress with vomiting (7), pancreatitis (1), thrombocytopenia (1), edema (2), and coma (2). Three severely retarded children with frequent seizures died while receiving valproic acid, but it is not clear that death was caused by valproic acid. Children must be monitored carefully for potential toxic effects, and drug interactions with other anticonvulsants may cause problems in treatment.
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PMID:Valproic acid therapy in childhood epilepsy. 677 26

A retrospective method was used to estimate the incidence of recurring motion-sickness, cyclic vomiting and abdominal pain considered as different manifestations of a so-called periodic syndrome in 100 migraine sufferers, 100 epileptics and 100 control subjects in the pediatric age group. Such recurrent symptoms are significantly more frequent in those suffering from migraine than in the other two groups. Examination of subgroups of patients affected by particular forms of migraine (classical and common) and of epilepsy (generalized seizures, simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures) contributed little new to our understanding of the nature of periodic syndrome. It is concluded that the above symptoms of periodic syndrome should generally be considered as manifestations of a migrainous rather than of an epileptic disorder.
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PMID:Cyclic vomiting and recurrent abdominal pains as migraine or epileptic equivalents. 687 85

A clinical assessment of metrizamide (Amipaque) lumbar myelography in 150 patients is reported, and the adverse reactions encountered are presented and discussed. Minor adverse reactions--headache (48%), nausea (10%) and vomiting (7%)--were common, and the incidence reflected overseas experience. Severe headache occurred in a significant proportion of patients (20%), despite adequate hydration and the use of a small-gauge needle. There were no major adverse reactions such as epilepsy or severe muscle spasm. The study suggests that metrizamide is well tolerated, gives good anatomical demonstration and should replace iophendylate (Myodil) in this region. Recent reports of occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications indicate that further cautious assessment is required.
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PMID:Lumbar myelography today. Experience with metrizamide, a water-soluble, non-ionic contrast medium. 701 91

Fifteen children with a syndrome called benign paroxysmal vertigo are presented. This syndrome is characterized by attacks of vertigo of sudden onset lasting a few minutes and in extreme cases several hours or even up to 2 days. Additional symptoms are pallor, sweating, vomiting and nystagmus. Consciousness is not impaired. The attacks usually occur in the first 4 years of life. They are recurrent, the appearance varying from several times a week to once a year, and they may cease spontaneously after only months but usually years. The most important differential diagnoses are epilepsy and posterior fossa tumour. The etiology is unknown, but there may be a vascular disturbance affecting the posterior cerebral circulation with secondary disturbances of the vestibular nuclei.
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PMID:Benign paroxysmal vertigo in childhood. 706 11

Based on the findings from angiograms done over a 4-year period in Zambia, the most common indications were cerebrovascular disorders, head injuries, infective lesions, epilepsy and intracranial tumours. A few patients were also investigated for headache and vomiting, visual symptoms and papilloedoma. The overall positive yield at 23% was high. 10% of the abnormalities were cerebrovascular lesions. (Occlusive disease and subdural haematoma were common; aneurysms, arteriosclerosis, epidural haematoma, arteriovenous malformations were rare.) Compared with western countries, tumours were not as common but brain abscess was encountered more frequently. Carotid angiography is a valuable tool in tropical neurological practice and the pattern of disease differs from the western countries.
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PMID:Cerebral angiography in Central Africa. 729 88


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