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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present three cases of non-traumatic acute subdural hematoma showing interesting clinical features and operative findings. Case 1: A-50-year-old male was admitted because of sudden headache and epileptic seizure. Computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a right thin subdural hematoma, but cerebral angiography demonstrated no pathological findings, that might cause acute subdural hematoma on the follow-up CT scans. The hematoma changed to a chronic one within only 15 days, which was proved by the operation. Case 2: A 52-year-old male was hospitalized because of loss of consciousness. CT scan revealed a right subdural hematoma without subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral angiography demonstrated a right middle cerebral artery aneurysm. The hematoma was surgically proved to be due to rupture of the aneurysm. Case 3: A 52-year-old male was admitted because of headache, vomiting and left motor weakness. CT scan showed a thick right subdural hematoma and right carotid angiography revealed two internal carotid artery aneurysms. It was surgically certified that the subdural hematoma was caused by a tear in a cortical artery attached to the dura, not by the rupture of the aneurysms. Clinical cause and pathogenesis of so-called "non-traumatic" or "spontaneous" acute subdural hematomas were discussed, and the importance of emergency angiography for this condition is stressed.
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PMID:[Three cases of non-traumatic acute subdural hematoma]. 176 56

Twenty five idiopathic epileptic children with occipital electroencephalographic (EEG) foci have been studied for more than 3 years clinically as well as electroencephalographically. They were categorized into two groups, i.e., those with (A group) and without (B group) visual symptoms. Not only visual symptoms, but also headache, nausea, vomiting or generalized tonic clonic convulsion (GTC) were observed in group A. GTC or tonic deviation of the eyes were observed in group B. Migrainous symptoms were present in 3 cases of group A. Interictal EEGs consisted of spikes or spike and wave complexes in the occipital area. In some cases epileptic foci existed not only in the occipital area, but also in other regions. The mean age of the onset of the clinical symptoms was 8 in group A and 5 in group B. Beyond the age of 15, the abnormal EEGs were observed in 80% of the cases in group A, and in 18% of the cases in group B. The symptoms disappeared by 9 years of age in 92% of the cases in group B, and by 15 years of age in 82% of the cases in group A. From these results the prognosis of idiopathic epilepsy of childhood with occipital EEG foci was considered as good.
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PMID:[A study of idiopathic epilepsy of childhood with occipital electroencephalographic foci]. 177 Jan 20

The coexistence of congenital pyloric atresia (PA) and epidermolysis bullosa (EB) in newborns is a rare but distinct association. Mortality is high. In particular, a universally fatal outcome has been reported in neonates born with the junctional type of EB and PA. This has led some investigators to advocate that surgical correction of PA be withheld to obviate needless suffering. We treated five patients, including one set of siblings. Maternal hydramnios and nonbilious vomiting were constant features. Delayed passage of meconium was found in four. Plain x-rays demonstrated gastric dilatation in an otherwise gasless abdomen. Blistering skin lesions were noted at birth in four and developed soon after in the last patient. All lesions were determined to be junctional EB based on electronmicroscopy. The clinical course for these children has been far better than the literature predicts. Successful repair of PA was performed after appropriate stabilization. One infant died at 4 months of age of staphyloccal septicemia, malnutrition, and sepsis from chronic urinary tract obstruction. Another child, born with dysmorphic features to consanguineous parents, is 9 years old and has a seizure disorder. The remaining three are alive and well at 17 months, and 9 and 16 years. The oldest two are siblings. In all four surviving patients, the blistering nonscarring lesions were found to significantly improve in severity, duration, and occurrence with age. Presently, these lesions are mild and require little therapy. Their nails, initially normal at birth, have become discoloured, thickened, and dystrophic. The management of pitted, carious, and yellow teeth is currently the major problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Congenital pyloric atresia and junctional epidermolysis bullosa: a report of long-term survival and a review of the literature. 181 71

We report a 14-year-old boy with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) who presented repeated episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting since the age of 8 years. In addition, he developed strokelike episodes with myoclonic seizures and transient hemiplegia on three occasions. At the age of 14-1/12-years, he also developed epilepsia partialis continua persisting for 10 days, which was associated with myoclonic seizures synchronized with spike discharges at the right central area. Laboratory examination disclosed increased levels of lactate and pyruvate in serum and CSF and low density areas in the bilateral temporal regions on CT scan. Muscle biopsy showed scattered ragged-red fibers. The enzyme activities (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, and cytochrome c oxidase) and the rates of decarboxylation of [3-14C]pyruvate in cultured skin fibroblasts were within normal ranges.
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PMID:[A case with MELAS associated with epilepsia partialis continua]. 189 96

Amantadine hydrochloride has been shown in several open studies to benefit children with refractory generalized epilepsy. We used amantadine as adjunctive therapy in 10 adolescents and adults with generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, or absence seizures refractory to therapeutic levels of valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and benzodiazepines. Seven patients were men and 3 were women aged 18-29 years, and 8 of 10 patients were mentally retarded. All patients had generalized epileptiform paroxysms on EEG, with generalized or absence seizure recorded in 9. Five patients had both absence and tonic-clonic seizures, and 2 had all three seizure types. Amantadine was added to the existing regimens in weekly increments to 400 mg/day. Two patients had greater than 90 per cent seizure reduction, both with vomiting and somnolence. Two patients had seizure reduction between 50 and 90 per cent, 1 with anorexia and sleepiness. Three patients had no change in seizures, and 3 had worse tonic-clonic seizures. Amantadine may have some antiepileptic efficacy of unknown mechanism, but it may worsen generalized tonic-clonic seizures and is likely to be of limited value in adults.
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PMID:Amantadine hydrochloride for refractory generalized epilepsy in adults. 192 54

Medical experts have disputed whether childhood cyclic vomiting is a manifestation of epilepsy or a migraine equivalent. Quantitative EEG provides an objective measure of changes in brain activity during and between episodes. This paper reports reversible changes involving two episodes in a patient whose history included cyclic vomiting and emotional/behavioural problems. Abnormal delta activity seen during both episodes resolved at follow-up, when the patient asymptomatic. The brain wave changes counter the hypothesis that vomiting in these patients is psychosomatic, and support the interpretation of cyclic vomiting as a migraine equivalent.
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PMID:Reversible quantitative EEG changes in a case of cyclic vomiting: evidence for migraine equivalent. 199 11

All brain tumours diagnosed since 1967 in a University Hospital in the Southern region of Brazil were reviewed and clinical information concerning age, sex, symptoms and evolution were analysed. 88.1% of tumours were primary neoplasms and the rest secondary deposits. There was a male predominance and the second and fifth decades of life were the most affected. The main presenting symptoms were headache, vomiting, hemiparesis, loss of vision and epilepsy. The commonest tumour was of astrocytic origin (36.3%) amongst which the malignant ones, including glioblastoma multiforme, predominated. These tumours were frequent in the cerebral hemispheres (31.3%), particularly in the frontal lobes. The time of evolution from the beginning of the clinical manifestations until the first hospital admission was also studied. The authors discuss the clinical and pathological observations in relation to other large series analysed in the literature.
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PMID:Brain tumours in south Brazil: a retrospective study of 438 cases. 226 82

Fifty-nine children with Japanese encephalitis admitted in Maharaj Nakhon Chiang Mai Hospital since 1984-1985 were studied. The male to female ratio was 1.18:1. The age range was between 1 to 14 years old with 74% in the age range of 6-14 years. The symptoms included change of consciousness (100%), fever (96%), headache (76%), convulsions (59%) and vomiting (52%). The neurologic signs, namely positive meningeal signs (61%), hyperreflexia (61%), positive Babinski's sign (49%) hemiplegia (42%), papilledema (22%), and other cranial nerve palsies (23%) were seen. Abnormal respiration were found in 23% and 8% of cases had hypertension. Most children (81%) had blood leukocytosis with predominant neutrophils. The average CSF white blood cell count was 200 cells per mm. with lymphocytosis in 76 percent of the patients. The average CSF protein was higher than normal. Almost all cases had normal CSF sugar levels. The JEV antibody response, mostly primary type, Occurred in about 62 percent of cases. All children received symptomatic and supportive treatment, such as antipyretics, anticonvulsants, anticerebral edema agents, adequate respiration and nutrition and physical and occupational therapies. Associated complications were treated according to the individual's need. The mortality rate and neurological sequelae were found in 17% and 57% of cases respectively. Eighteen percent of the patients suffered severe neurological sequelae. The neurological sequelae included memory deficit (46%), mental retardation (42%), hemiplegia (34%), emotional and behavioral disturbance (24%), epilepsy (20%), motor aphasia (16%), cranial nerve palsies (16%), involuntary limb movement (8%) and blindness (2%).
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PMID:Japanese encephalitis in children in northern Thailand. 256 17

Eighteen of 418 children who had onset of epilepsy before the age of 13 years showed clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms. They represented one-fifth of all benign age- and localization-related idiopathic epilepsies seen. Some patients were followed as long as 15 years. There was a preponderance in females and peak age at onset of epilepsy was 5 years. In 16 children, the seizures were infrequent and sometimes prolonged and consisted mainly of tonic deviation of the eyes and vomiting, often with evolution to unilateral or generalized convulsions. Seizures were only nocturnal in 11 and nocturnal and diurnal in another 5 children. Prognosis was excellent; 5 children had only one fit. Remission usually occurred 1 to 2 years after onset and no seizures occurred after the age of 12 years. The remaining 2 children had frequent diurnal episodes consisting of visual hallucinations, postictal headache, and occasional nocturnal hemiconvulsions. Their prognosis was less favorable. Electroencephalographic abnormalities in all 18 patients consisted of repetitive spike and slow-wave discharges confined to the occipital regions and attenuated when the eyes were open. These outlasted clinical remission for many years, sometimes up to the age of 16. Fixation-off sensitivity was demonstrated frequently. Based on these findings, a unifying definition for benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms is proposed.
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PMID:Benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms: a 15-year prospective study. 277 1

The clinical and operative findings of 40 infants treated for Extradural Haematomas (EDH) between 1960 and 1988 are presented. This series represents 19% of the total number of children with EDH during this period. Twenty-five (63%) were male, fifteen (37%) female. They were divided into three groups according to age for comparison. Group A, less than 6 months (11 cases); group B, 7-12 months (16 cases); and group C, 13-24 months (13 cases). Sixteen (40%) resulted from falls less than 1 m. Seven (17.5%) fell whilst walking. Twelve (30%) fell more than 1 m. Two EDH followed obstetric trauma, three occurred as a result of a road traffic accident. A lucid interval was identified in 30 cases, and in 15 it was longer than 24 h. Drowsiness (60%), and delayed vomiting (45%), were the most important symptoms. Anaemia occurred in 19 (47.5%). Thirty-six (90%) had abnormal skull X-rays. Thirty (75%) EDH were parietal, temporal, or temporo-parietal. Two were located in the posterior fossa. There were no frontal EDH in this series in contrast to that found in older children. Twenty-seven (67.5%) EDH were larger than 75 cc in volume. The source of bleeding was identified in 31; in 17 (42.5%) it was from the middle meningeal artery; in 11 (27.5%) from the bone; and in three (7.5%) from the dural surface. The mortality was 12.5% with a 15% morbidity rate, three infants (7.5%), suffering motor deficits, and three requiring medical treatment for epilepsy.
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PMID:Extradural haematoma in infants. 281 46


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