Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aeromonas spp. are Gram-negative rods of the family Vibrionaceae. They are normal water inhabitants and are part of the regular flora of poiquilotherm and homeotherm animals. They can be isolated from many foodstuffs (green vegetables, raw milk, ice cream, meat and seafood). Mesophilic Aeromonas spp. have been classified following the AeroKey II system (Altwegg et al., 1990; Carnahan et al., 1991). The major human diseases caused by Aeromonas spp. can be classified in two major groups: septicemia (mainly by strains of A. veronii subsp. sobria and A. hydrophila), and gastroenteritis (any mesophilic Aeromonas spp. but principally A. hydrophila and A. veronii). Most epidemiological studies have shown Aeromonas spp. in stools to be more often associated with diarrhea than with the carrier state; an association with the consumption of untreated water was also conspicuous. Acute self-limited diarrhea is more frequent in young children, in older patients chronic enterocolitis may also be observed. Fever, vomiting, and fecal leukocytes or erythrocytes (colitis) may be present (Janda, 1991). The main putative virulence factors are: exotoxins, endotoxin (LPS), presence of S-layers, fimbriae or adhesins and the capacity to form capsules.
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PMID:Emerging pathogens: Aeromonas spp. 875 Jun 64

This is the first report of a 2-day-old girl having an association of biliary atresia and multiple intestinal atresia. She developed intractable vomiting in the first hours of life. An upper gastrointestinal series and barium enema showed jejunal atresia and rectal atresia. A laparotomy was performed on the fourth day of life. The operative findings were multiple sites of atresia of the intestine, 10 atretic sites in the small bowel, and 3 in the colon. The gall bladder was normal in size and position. After the operation, the patient's stool remained acholic and her jaundice did not resolve. On the 58th day of life, another laparotomy was performed with the presumptive diagnosis of biliary atresia. The operative finding was biliary atresia, type 3; the Kasai operation with external jejunostomy was performed. The patient suffered from postoperative cholangitis and enterocolitis because of her short bowel and subsequently died at 9 months of age. This is the first case of biliary atresia associated with multiple intestinal atresia reported in the literature.
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PMID:An association of multiple intestinal atresia and biliary atresia: a case report. 877 32

A massive outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred at a local town of Saitama Prefecture, in 1996. During this outbreak, we investigated the clinical features of children seen at Saitama Medical School. Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) was detected from 10 out of 28 (36%) children with diarrhea during June and August, 1996. The average ages of the children who were positive and negative for C. parvum were 6.5 and 5 year old, respectively. Among the children infected with C. parvum, colic pain was observed in 3 children and 4 children had vomiting. However, none of the children showed fever over 38.0 degrees C nor bloody stools. Family members of children infected with C. parvum also had diarrhea and/or vomiting (5/6). C. parvum was repeatedly detected from 2 out of 3 children. All infected children had an improvement of abdominal symptoms in 4 to 10 days. C. parvum should be included as a pathogen which causes enterocolitis in Japanese children.
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PMID:[Clinical features of Japanese children infected with Cryptosporidium parvum during a massive outbreak caused by contaminated water supply]. 939 55

Salmonella typhimurium phage type (PT) or definitive type (DT) 104 is a virulent pathogen for humans and animals, particularly cattle. It has been isolated increasingly from humans and animals in the United Kingdom and several other European countries and, more recently, in the United States and Canada. Humans may acquire the infection from foods of animal origin contaminated with the infective organism. Farm families are particularly at risk of acquiring the infection by contact with infected animals or by drinking unpasteurized milk. The symptoms in cattle are watery to bloody diarrhea, a drop in milk production, pyrexia, anorexia, dehydration and depression. Infection may result in septicemic salmonellosis and, upon necropsy, a fibrinonecrotic enterocolitis may be observed. The infection occurs more commonly in the calving season than at other times. Feedlot cattle and pigs may also be affected. Prolonged carriage and shedding of the pathogen may occur. Symptoms in humans consist of diarrhea, fever, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and, less frequently, blood in the stool. Salmonella typhimurium DT104 strains are commonly resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.
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PMID:Salmonella typhimurium DT104: a virulent and drug-resistant pathogen. 975 92

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out to clarify the characteristics of mucoid presentation of acute enterocolitis in children. One hundred sixty-eight cases of acute mucoid enterocolitis (study population) were compared with 200 cases of watery diarrhoea and 118 cases of blood dysentery (control groups) on the basis of clinical characteristics and findings on stool examination. Study and control groups were comparable with respect to age, body weight and nutritional status. There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics (duration of diarrhoea, stool frequency, presence of vomiting, fever and dehydration) between patients suffering from mucoid enterocolitis and blood dysentery. However, watery diarrhoea patients had significantly high frequencies of vomiting (p=0.00001) and dehydration (p=0.00001). High numbers of microscopic red blood cells (mean +/- SD: 40.8 +/- 16.8) and white blood cells (40.6 +/- 18.0) were present in faecal samples of the patients with mucoid enterocolitis, which is indicative of infection caused by enteroinvasive enteropathogens. Shigella was a commonly identified enteropathogen in patients with mucoid enterocolitis (40.5%) and in patients with dysentery (46.6%), with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.30). Isolation of Salmonella was statistically similar in study and control groups. However, Entamoeba histolytica was detected in significantly high frequency in patients with mucoid enterocolitis as compared to the patients with dysentery (p = 0.0004) and watery diarrhoea (p = 0.00004). Our results indicate that mucoid enterocolitis patients are infected with enteroinvasive enteropathogens, and that stool examination is useful in establishing the aetiological diagnosis.
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PMID:Mucoid presentation of acute enterocolitis in children: a hospital-based case-control study. 1050 79

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is a symptom complex of severe vomiting and diarrhea caused by non-IgE-mediated allergy to cow's milk and/or soy in infants. Symptoms typically begin in the first month of life in association with failure to thrive and may progress to acidemia and methemoglobinemia. Symptoms resolve after the causal protein (usually sensitivity to both cow's milk and soy) is removed from the diet. Symptoms recur approximately 2 hours after reintroduction of the protein along with a coincident elevation of the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte count. The sensitivity is usually outgrown by 3 years of age. The purpose of this review is to delineate the characteristic clinical features, diagnosis and management of FPIES. Furthermore, infantile FPIES will be discussed in relation to clinical syndromes that share features with it ("atypical FPIES") and other food-allergic disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: clinical perspectives. 1063 98

Food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis appears in the first 2 months of life with blood-tinged stools. Aside from occasional apparent pain on defecation and a few infants with moderate eczema, systemic features are absent. Indeed, aside from the diaper, the infant is generally described as well. Thus, in contrast to the infant with enterocolitis, features such as emesis, failure to thrive, significant anemia, and dramatic diarrhea are not seen. In contrast to infants with the other food-induced inflammatory diseases of the bowel, most symptomatic infants are exclusively breast fed. Proctoscopic examination reveals focal erythema, erosions, and/or the nodularity of lymphoid nodular hyperplasia of the rectosigmoid. Biopsies of the rectum and lower sigmoid reveal a characteristic infiltration of the mucosa and lamina propria with eosinophils, usually in excess of 6 to 10 per high powered field. Elimination of the offending protein from the diet of the infant, through use of an extensively hydrolyzed casein-based formula or the elimination of the protein from the diet of the mother of the breast-feeding infant, leads to clinical resolution of the bleeding within 72 to 96 hours. By 1 year of age the infants routinely tolerate an unrestricted diet, and the long term prognosis is excellent.
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PMID:Food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis. 1063

Enterocolitis is still the main source of mortality and morbidity in Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Between 1976 and 1993, 79 (26%) of 302 Hirschsprung patients proved to have Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). Mortality was 7.6 percent (6 patients). HAEC patients, those who died of HAEC and those without HAEC were analyzed for differences in 34 parameters. The length of the aganglionic segment was found not to be a risk factor for HAEC, but early diagnosis and prompt treatment were found to decrease the occurrence of preoperative HAEC. Although we defined HAEC as foul-smelling, explosive diarrhea, some other symptoms and signs, such as abdominal distention on physical examination, vomiting, dehydration, and a history of nonspecific diarrhea were encountered with significant frequency. None of the patients had Down's syndrome. Sepsis was detected in all of the patients who died of HAEC. The severity of HAEC did not increase with the number of attacks of HAEC, and mortality was greater in the first three attacks. Differences in results between some series seemed to be related to differing definitions of HAEC.
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PMID:Clinical risk factors of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis. I: Preoperative enterocolitis. 1086 98

In the neonate, pneumatosis intestinalis is almost always associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. The manifestation of diffuse intestinal pneumatosis in Hirschsprung's disease has been reported rarely. It may occur as a result of Hirschsprung's disease complicated with enterocolitis. We report a two-day-old female baby born at term with the problems of failure to pass meconium, progressive abdominal distension and bile stained vomiting. There was an early roentgenographic presentation of pneumatosis intestinalis which might have led to a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. However, the intestinal pneumatosis resolved within 48 hours. After anorectal manometry and contrast enema examination, an ileostomy was performed at the age of 23 days, and multiple biopsies of intestine showed aganglionosis up to the ileum at the level of 85 cm above the ileocecal valve. Unfortunately, the patient developed short bowel syndrome after operation and died suddenly after an accidental choking at the age of three months. This case suggests that Hirschsprung's disease may have an unusual early roentgenographic presentation with diffuse intestinal pneumatosis in the first few days of life. Anorectal manometries and suction biopsies are crucial for further diagnosis.
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PMID:Hirschsprung's disease presenting with diffuse intestinal pneumatosis in a neonate. 1119 42

We report a 76-day old infant who got diarrhea within the first week of life. He was treated as acute gastroenterocolitis and kept on feeding with regular infant formula. Because the symptoms persisted, the feeding formula was shifted to soy-based formula then to the highly-hydrolyzed formula and got improvement. But severe bloody diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and fever developed after feeding with regular infant formula again. Based on the history and clinical presentations, cow's milk allergy was suspected. He received total parenteral nutrition for 5 days then fed with highly-hydrolyzed formula with slowly increasing amount. Thereafter tests for total eosinophil counts, total serum IgE, milk specific IgE antibodies and milk extract skin prick test were all unremarkable. Under the impression of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) with infant formula was performed. Regular infant formula induced severe vomiting, diarrhea, fever, acidosis and elevation of absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) of peripheral blood by 27,640/mm3. Based on the laboratory findings and challenge results, the patient fit the diagnostic criteria of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.
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PMID:Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: report of one case. 1127 Jan 87


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