Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The term mastocytosis denotes a heterogeneous group of rare hematological disorders characterized by abnormal accumulation of mast cells. While cutaneous mastocytosis is relatively frequent mast cell leukemia belongs to the rarest forms of human leukemia. In the following we present the case of an aleukemic mast cell leukemia and shall discuss the revised classification of mastocytosis based on the "Year 2000 Working Conference on Mastocytosis" held in Vienna, Austria. A 48 year-old caucasian man presented with a four-week history of diarrhea, obstipation, vomiting, rash, and mild fever. Clinical inspection revealed a disseminated itching rash and a mild hepatomegaly. Red and white blood cell counts were within the normal range. Levels of the alkaline phosphatase and serum histamine were significantly increased. There was no splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Cytologic and histologic investigation of the bone marrow revealed a marked increase in atypical mast cells. Since only a few circulating mast cells could be detected in a cytospin preparation of the blood, the diagnosis of an aleukemic mast cell leukemia was established. About four weeks after the diagnosis had been established, the patient died with signs of a hemorrhagic shock due to a massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Autopsy revealed widespread mast cell infiltration of bone marrow, spleen, liver and lungs, but also a small, deeply penetrating, non-specific duodenal ulcer. In conclusion, despite of presentation with signs of a primary gastrointestinal disorder, the patient was found to suffer from an exceedingly rare aleukemic mast cell leukemia ("malignant mastocytosis") and died after a total duration of the disease of only about three months.
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PMID:[Aleukemic mast cell leukemia (formerly: "malignant mastocytosis"): an extremely rare form of leukemia. A case report and simultaneously a contribution to revised classification of mastocytosis]. 1223 4

Haemorrhage, penetration and perforation are common complications of peptic ulcers. Free intraabdominal air is seen in 80 % after perforation. Penetration into the retroperitoneum with pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema are rarely observed. We report the case of a 85-year-old female patient with nausea, vomiting and little appetite. During endoscopy of the upper GI-tract she complained about progressive dyspnea. Chest X-ray revealed mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax. When performing laparotomy, we found a duodenal ulcer, that had penetrated the retroperitoneal space. The patient underwent partial gastrectomy and reconstruction with Billroth-II anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful.
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PMID:[Duodenal ulcer presenting as pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax -- case report]. 1252 27

A 77-year-old man presented with sudden-onset epigastric pain and bilious vomiting following a light breakfast. Vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy for bleeding duodenal ulcer had been done 22 years ago. Barium meal study suggested jejunogastric intussusception. At laparotomy, a retrograde type II jejunogastric intussusception was confirmed and managed by reduction of the intussusception, disconnection of gastrojejunostomy and resection of the jejunum. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.
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PMID:Jejunogastric intussusception presenting with outlet obstruction. 1261 56

A thirty eight year old female with a long standing history of a chronic duodenal ulcer presented at the Nyeri Provincial General Hospital with vomiting, abdominal pain and abdominal distension. Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy revealed a tight pyloric stenosis while abdominal ultrasonography showed ascites. At laparatomy, she was coincidentally found to have pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI). The recent literature is reviewed and this case of PCI associated with ascites and pyloric stenosis secondary to a chronic duodenal ulcer is reported.
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PMID:Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with ascites and pyloric stenosis secondary to a chronic duodenal ulcer: case report. 1267 52

A causal relation between gastric stasis and gastric ulceration is suggested by the literature reviewed. In obstructive duodenal ulcer disease it is important to know that a concomitant gastric ulcer may be present and causing the symptoms. In combined ulcers, symptoms are more severe and treatment is more difficult.A clinical study of 60 cases of stasis gastric ulcer associated with chronic duodenal ulcer disease is presented. Twenty-six of these patients with gastric ulcers were bleeding at the time of their admission. The mortality rate was at least twice that for solitary ulcer. Early warning symptoms of stasis were fatigue, anorexia, fullness and weight loss; vomiting was a late manifestation. X-ray findings were often inaccurate; evidence of retention was reported in only 21. Gastric residue measurements were particularly useful in showing gastric retention.Since the basic disease in combined ulcers is the duodenal lesion, surgical treatment is primarily that for duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:STASIS GASTRIC ULCER: A COMPLICATION OF DUODENAL ULCER. 1413 88

OBJECTIVE: To present a current review about pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of peptic ulcer disease in children, based on the reviewed publications and the author personal experience. METHODS: We revised the most relevant articles about peptic ulcer in children, published from the last 20 years. RESULTS: The gastroduodenal peptic ulcer is very common in adults, mostly in the developing countries. Although it is less frequent in children, the optical fibroendoscopy has improved the number of diagnosed cases. The peptic ulcer is classified as its etiology in primary and secondary. The secondary peptic ulcer is related to a subjacent disease or use of drugs, while the primary ulcer happens in the absence of underlying systemic diseases The primary duodenal ulcer is the most common presentation, and there are strong evidences of the H. pylori association in the etiology. Clinical presentation changes with age and ulcer type. Secondary ulcers are mostly acute and sometimes dramatic, while the primary ones have a chronic evolution mostly similar to patients with functional recurrent abdominal pain, but the presence of epigastric pain, feeding-related pain, vomiting, bleeding, familiar history for peptic ulcer, nocturnal pain, and male gender are strongly related to peptic ulcer. The acid antisecretory agents have great efficacy on relieving symptoms and solving ulcerate lesion, although the H. pylori eradication itself prevents primary duodenal ulcer recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The primary peptic ulcer involve many factors in Its etiopathogenesis, being H. pylori the most important of them Although there isn t yet a ideal therapeutic course. The antibiotics play an important role in peptic ulcer and the H. pylori research must be done for na accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[Peptic ulcer] 1467 16

When no organic cause for dyspepsia is found, the condition generally is considered to be functional, or idiopathic. Nonulcer dyspepsia can cause a variety of symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Many patients with nonulcer dyspepsia have multiple somatic complaints, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. Extensive diagnostic testing is not recommended, except in patients with serious risk factors such as dysphagia, protracted vomiting, anorexia, melena, anemia, or a palpable mass. In these patients, endoscopy should be considered to exclude gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic or duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer. In patients without risk factors, consideration should be given to empiric therapy with a prokinetic agent (e.g., metoclopramide), an acid suppressant (histamine-H2 receptor antagonist), or an antimicrobial agent with activity against Helicobacter pylori. Treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and nonulcer dyspepsia (rather than peptic ulcer) is controversial and should be undertaken only when the pathogen has been identified. Psychotropic agents should be used in patients with comorbid anxiety or depression. Treatment of nonulcer dyspepsia can be challenging because of the need to balance medical management strategies with treatments for psychologic or functional disease.
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PMID:Evaluation and management of nonulcer dyspepsia. 1525 26

Hepatobiliary neuroendocrine carcinoma was diagnosed in 17 cats in a period of 10 years. Seven tumors were of intrahepatic origin, one of which was a composite containing components of epithelial and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Nine tumors were of extrahepatic origin, and one tumor was located in the gall-bladder. The cats were adult and geriatric, and the male : female ratio varied according to tumor group. Hepatomegaly, anorexia, weight loss, and vomiting were the most common clinical signs observed in the cats with hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. The cats with extrahepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma showed these signs plus icterus (5/9) and high concentrations of hepatic enzymes. Histologically, the hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas had two patterns, one with acinar structures separated by vascular stroma lined by cuboidal or columnar cells and the other solid with groups of anaplastic cells separated by vascular stroma. The composite tumor consisted of both bile duct carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. The extrahepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas and the gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma were characterized by solid sheets or groups of round to oval cells with vascular or fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemical examination of 10 of the neuroendocrine carcinomas revealed that all 10 stained with neuron-specific enolase; one bile duct carcinoma and the gallbladder carcinoma stained with chromogranin; four of five bile duct carcinomas and the gall bladder carcinoma stained with synaptophysin; and one bile duct carcinoma stained with gastrin. One cat with hepatic carcinoma had duodenal ulcer; in this cat, ultrastructural studies showed neurosecretory granules leading to the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. In four cats in which necropsy was permitted, carcinomatosis (4/4), lymph nodes (4/4), lungs (2/4), and intestines (1/4) were the metastatic sites. Fourteen of the 17 cats were euthanatized during or immediately after surgery.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary neuroendocrine carcinoma in cats: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 17 cases. 1587 79

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia induced vasculitis, which is common in Asia and the Pacific Islands and is sometimes also encountered in Western countries. Even though it can cause multi-organ dysfunctions, there is limited information regarding the relationship between scrub typhus infection and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to discover the gastrointestinal manifestations of septic patients with scrub typhus infection. During the study period, 80 septic cases were recruited, and according to the results of immunofluorescent antibody testing (IFA), 20 (25%) were found to have scrub typhus infection. The most common gastrointestinal symptoms of scrub typhus patients were vomiting 13 (65%), nausea 12 (60%), diarrhea 9 (45%), and hametamesis or melena 5 (25%). Gastrointestinal signs included hepatomegaly 8 (40%), jaundice 7 (35%), and abdominal pain 4 (20%). Elevation of SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase were 16 (80%), 14 (70%), and 16 (80%), respectively. Direct bilirubin was elevated in 19 (95%) of the cases and half of the cases had a low serum protein level. Of scrub typhus cases, 8 (40%) had eschars. The sites of eschars were mostly in hidden areas, such as on the back, genitalia and abdomen. Three of the five patients with eschar had hepatomegaly on ultrasound examination. The significant findings of the scrub typhus septic patients with eschar on endoscopic examination were gastritis in two cases, gastritis with gastric erosion in two cases, and one case showed a duodenal ulcer and erosion. The differentiating point for endoscopic findings in scrub typhus compared to the other causes was that the stomach lesions were more frequent and severe than the duodenal lesions. According to our endoscopic findings, physicians should be aware of gastric and duodenal lesions in febrile patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain or discomfort and indigestion. Scrub typhus can cause gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of septic patients with scrub typhus in Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital. 1591 79

Jejunogastric intussusception is a rare but potentially very serious complication of gastrectomy or gastrojejunostomy. To avoid mortality early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is mandatory. A young man presented with epigastric pain and bilous vomiting followed by haematemesis 15 years after vagotomy & gastrojejunostomy for chronic duodenal ulcer. At presentation the patient was in shock and an emergency laparotomy was done after resuscitation. At laparotomy a retrograde type II JGI was found and managed by resection of the affected segment and partial gastrectomy and jejuno - jejunostomy with closure of the duodenal stump. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Retrograde JGI is a rare condition and only less than 200 cases have been reported since its first report. Clinical picture of acute intestinal obstruction with suspicion about the condition in patients having a past history of gastrojejunostomy makes the elusive diagnosis definite and demands early surgery to reduce the grave consequences of the disease.
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PMID:Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) with strangulation following previous gastrojejunostomy. 1646 73


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