Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Trimoprostil is a new synthetic prostaglandin E2 analogue that inhibits acid secretion and has mucosal protective properties. It was compared with cimetidine to assess its effectiveness in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer. Seven centres recruited 107 patients, who were randomized to receive either 3 mg trimoprostil daily (n = 54) or 1 g cimetidine daily (n = 53) for 4 weeks, the drugs being taken in four divided doses. Of patients completing treatment, 23 of 40 (58%) healed with trimoprostil, compared with 47 of 53 (89%) with cimetidine (p less than 0.001). Both drugs relieved daytime and nighttime pain, but cimetidine was significantly quicker. Eight patients taking trimoprostil were withdrawn because of pain, nausea, and vomiting, but none taking cimetidine; diarrhoea did not occur with trimoprostil. There were no clinically significant changes in haematology or in biochemistry studies. In conclusion, trimoprostil was not as effective as cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:A multicentre comparison of trimoprostil and cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. U.K. Trimoprostil Study Collaborative Group. 289 83

Enprostil is a new synthetic prostaglandin E2 with antisecretory and mucosal-protective effects. We compared it with ranitidine in the healing of duodenal ulcer and also examined the subsequent relapse rate. Three hundred thirteen patients were recruited in 15 centers in Europe, of whom 158 were treated with enprostil (E) 35 micrograms twice daily and 155 with ranitidine (R) 150 mg twice daily for up to 6 weeks, using a double-blind method. Patients in both groups were of comparable demography. Healing was significantly quicker with ranitidine. Of patients randomized to treatment, healing (intention-to-treat analysis) at 4 weeks was E 47% and R 69%, and at 6 weeks it was E 66% and R 88%. In patients who met all protocol criteria and completed treatment, healing at 4 weeks was E 58% and R 80%, and at 6 weeks it was E 81% and R 92%. Early relief of pain, both during the day and at night, was significantly quicker with ranitidine. Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain occurred more often with enprostil. There were no clinically important abnormalities in hematology or biochemistry. Relapse rates were similar. In conclusion, enprostil is not as effective as ranitidine in healing duodenal ulcers.
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PMID:A comparison of enprostil and ranitidine in treatment of duodenal ulcer. 313 3

In order to identify the risk factors affecting the healing of duodenal ulcer, a clinical trial with effective dose of antacid was carried out in 53 patients. Duration of ulcer history, number of relapses, duration of the last and present relapse, number, duration and severity of pain attacks in the present ulcer relapse, pain radiation to back, vomiting, appetite, smoking habit, intake of analgesics and previous haemorrhage were registered. Number of ulcers, ulcer depth, bublar narrowing, erosions, duodenitis at initial endoscopy and healing of ulcer were assessed by one endoscopist. Basic and peak acid output were measured. The extent of duodenitis on the site opposite the ulcer was determined by histological examination. Sixty per cent of the duodenal ulcers were healed after three weeks. By univariate analysis, the following factors affect the healing; pain radiation to back and pain duration during treatment (p less than 0.001), multiple or deep ulcers, narrowing of duodenal bulb (p less than 0.01), number of pain attacks and poor appetite (p less than 0.05). By the stepwise logistic regression model, the following factors were selected as predictors for healing of duodenal ulcer with 76% correct classification: pain radiation to back (p = 0.002), deep ulcer (p = 0.013), multiple ulcers (p = 0.028). Number of cigarettes/day (p less than 0.007) and male sex (p = 0.036). By this model, the prediction of healing could be accurately assessed in 78% in a new sample. Individual treatment should be carried out on the basis of these factors.
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PMID:Risk factors for healing of duodenal ulcer under antacid treatment: do ulcer patients need individual treatment? 335 59

The basal and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations (SGC) were compared between 151 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 41 non-dyspeptic volunteers. All DU patients had an eventful history and were submitted to us for surgery. The basal SGC was significantly higher in DU patients (40 +/- 30 vs 17 +/- 8 pg/ml). The peak post-prandial SGC was also significantly higher (123 +/- 83 vs 52 +/- 28 pg/ml) and the integrated gastrin output twice as high as in healthy subjects (5311 +/- 3879 vs 2554 +/- 1995 pg/ml x min; P less than 0.01). A statistically significant linear correlation for fasting and maximal postprandial SGC was found. No statistically significant interrelation between gastrin and acid parameters existed. In the DU patients no differences in SGC were found according to age. Fifteen patients complained of nonalimentary vomiting as part of their ulcer symptoms. They had significantly higher SGC although no differences in acid secretion were found. No significant differences in gastrin or acids were related to ulcer complications.
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PMID:The fasting and food-stimulated serum gastrin concentration in 151 duodenal ulcer patients compared to 41 healthy subjects. 341 92

Gastric mucosal permeability to lithium has been measured in 20 patients with an untreated duodenal ulcer, eight patients who were asymptomatic for more than one year after truncal vagotomy and drainage, 14 patients with an endoscopically proven recurrent ulcer, and 21 patients with an unsatisfactory result from truncal vagotomy and drainage for other reasons. Lithium fluxes were lowest in the asymptomatic postoperative patients (0.149 +/- 0.028 mmol Li+/15 min), but were not significantly different to the measured fluxes in patients with a duodenal ulcer before treatment (0.160 +/- 0.020 mmol Li+/15 min) or a recurrent ulcer after truncal vagotomy and drainage (0.169 +/- 0.022 mmol Li+/15 min) (SEM). By comparison the mean lithium flux in patients who were dissatisfied with the results of their previous surgery for reasons other than a recurrent ulcer (0.234 +/- 0.019 mmol Li+/15 min) was significantly higher than that observed in patients with a duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05), patients with a recurrent ulcer (p less than 0.05) or patients who were asymptomatic after definitive ulcer surgery (p less than 0.02). Furthermore, when the lithium fluxes observed in 11 patients whose major postoperative complaint was bile vomiting (0.243 +/- 0.027 mmol Li+/15 min) were compared with results from the remaining 52 patients included in the study (0.173 +/- 0.012 mmol Li+/15 min) fluxes were significantly higher in the 'bile vomiters' (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Lithium fluxes across the gastric mucosa after truncal vagotomy and drainage--an objective assessment of mucosal injury. 369 44

459 patients who were operated on electively for duodenal ulcer in the Surgical Department, University of Turku, in 1965-1976 are reviewed. The operations were: Billroth II resection (B II) 95, truncal vagotomy and antral resection (TV-A) 61, selective gastric vagotomy and antral resection (SV-A) 159, vagotomy and pyloroplasty (V-P) 70, and parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) 110 patients. Operative mortality was 0 in B II, 4.9% in TV-A, 0.6% in SV-A, 1.4% in V-P, and 0 in PCV. About 80% of patients were interviewed 3-12 (mean 5-7) years after operation. Dumping, diarrhea and vomiting occurred less frequently after PCV, but dyspepsia was as common as after B II, TV-A, SV-A, or V-P. Recurrence rates were: after B II 2.7%, TV-A 0, SV-A 0.7%, V-P 9.7% and PCV 8.5%. The incidence of good overall results (Visick grades I + II) was similar after PCV and B II (70% and 69%) which was significantly better than after V-P (41%) and compared favorably with TV-A or SV-A (56% and 54%).
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PMID:Results of five standard operations for elective surgery of duodenal ulcer. 374 Jul 80

Gastric emptying was studied in 18 symptomatic and 16 asymptomatic patients after Billroth II (BII) resection (without vagotomy) and the possible relationships between emptying and postprandial symptoms in these patients were assessed. The BII patients were compared with 20 nonoperated patients who had duodenal ulcer disease and 16 healthy subjects. Gastric emptying of two test meals (a semisolid porridge meal and a solid pancake meal) was measured with a radionuclide technique. The major difference between the BII patients and control subjects and duodenal ulcer patients was an increased rate of emptying of the semisolid meal in the first 5 minutes after meal consumption. The percentage of the meal remaining in the stomach at 5 minutes after completion was significantly less in the symptomatic (45.3% +/- 4.3%) than in the asymptomatic BII patients (79.4% +/- 2.6%). A positive correlation was demonstrated between the initial emptying rate of semisolids and the intensity of postprandial nausea (p less than 0.01), vomiting (p less than 0.05), and vasomotor symptoms (p less than 0.001). The duration of the lag phase for solid and semisolid meals was shorter in BII patients than in healthy subjects but was as short in nonoperated duodenal ulcer patients. The duration of the lag phase for solid food in the BII patients correlated positively with the score for postprandial epigastric pain (p less than 0.001). The rate of emptying of the solid meal was lower in symptomatic BII patients (28.1% +/- 3.6% per hour) than in asymptomatic patients (47.8% +/- 7.2% per hour) and correlated with the severity of postprandial fullness and nausea. The emptying of the solid meal was inversely related to the initial emptying rate of the semisolid meal (p less than 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study support the assumption that many of the postprandial symptoms occurring after BII resection reflect alterations in gastric emptying. Some of the emptying abnormalities present after BII resection may be related to duodenal ulcer disease rather than to the surgical procedure.
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PMID:Gastric emptying and postprandial symptoms after Billroth II resection. 379 24

According to a strict definition of a benign gastric outlet obstruction i.e. delayed vomiting, changing of symptoms, weight loss and intraoperative test by Hegardilators (less than 14), 2.2% real stenoses among 619 operative treated duodenal ulcer patients were found. All patients were treated by SPV and digital dilatation of the stenosis through a gastrotomy. During up to a 10 year follow-up no reoperation was necessary. All patients showed Visick-classification of I and II. In conclusion SPV with digital dilatation showed good clinical results for patients with benign gastric outlet obstruction in long-term follow up.
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PMID:[Gastric outlet stenosis (benign): definition, incidence, therapy?]. 405 48

The results of elective truncal vagotomy and drainage in 547 duodenal ulcer patients are reported. Altogether, 204 patients were randomly allocated to pyloroplasty and 200 to gastrojejunostomy. In 101 patients gastrojejunostomy was electively chosen and in 42 patients the duodenum was opened to confirm the diagnosis. Operative mortality was 0.5%, the incidence of proved recurrent ulceration 3.3%, severe dumping 2%, and severe diarrhoea 1.1%. There were no significant differences between the groups, with the exception of bilious vomiting which occurred more often in patients with gastrojejunostomy.
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PMID:Truncal vagotomy and drainage for chronic duodenal ulcer disease: a controlled trial. 470 Mar 26

In Leeds and Copenhagen 271 patients were treated electively for duodenal ulcer by parietal cell vagotomy without drainage between 1969 and 1972 inclusive, with no operative deaths. 108 patients have been followed up 2-4 years since operation. Gastric stasis necessitating re-operation occurred in only 2 cases. Gastric ulcer developed in 2 cases, and in 3 cases recurrence of the duodenal ulcer was suspected but was unconfirmed at re-operation. Uncontrolled comparison with the results of partial gastrectomy and of vagotomy with drainage, as performed at these two centers, has shown that after parietal cell vagotomy without drainage there is a much lower incidence of dumping, diarrhea and bile vomiting, and, on overall assessment, a greater proportion of perfect or very good results.
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PMID:Clinical results of parietal cell vagotomy (highly selective vagotomy) two to four years after operation. 485 Oct 51


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