Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between June and September 1990, 47 children died at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from ingestion of paracetamol syrup adulterated with diethylene glycol. Most of the children presented with anuria, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and convulsions. Signs on admission were tachycardia, acidotic breathing, pallor, oedema and hepatomegaly. Laboratory findings included hyperkalaemia, acidosis, elevated creatinine level and hypoglycaemia. Management consisted of correction of dehydration and acidosis plus administration of antibiotics when indicated. None of the children had dialysis. All died within 2 weeks of admission. Proper government supervision of pharmaceutical companies and their agencies is urgently needed in order to prevent any future occurrence of such tragic deaths.
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PMID:Diethylene glycol poisoning in Nigerian children. 128 36

To determine factors related to dehydration from diarrhoea, we conducted a hospital-based, case-control study in children aged 24 months or younger who had acute watery diarrhoea and attended Chonburi Regional Hospital in central Thailand during November 1988 through May 1989. The study compared 48 cases who had moderate or severe dehydration with 48 controls who had no dehydration. Both cases and controls belonged to low socioeconomic families and were living in urban slum areas. They had adequate health care facilities and access to ORS packets. Overall, 56% of the mothers used ORS solution at home. None of the mothers knew how to administer ORS, i.e. the fluid was not given at the onset of diarrhoea to prevent dehydration, and they gave no more than 60 ml over a 24-hour period to their dehydrated children. They also did not use home fluids. Multivariate analysis of data showed two factors significantly associated with dehydration: children's dirty fingernails that indicated inadequate maternal hygiene-related behaviour (Odds Ratio 6.4; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.5-27.6, p < 0.01), and frequency of vomiting in the 24 hours before rehydration (Odds Ratio 1.3; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.1-1.6, p < 0.001). Cases and controls had similar aetiologic agents and nutritional status. Providing proper education to mothers about oral rehydration therapy with special emphasis on the volume of ORS to be given, along with guidance to improve their personal hygiene should be considered important interventions in reducing the risk of dehydration and deaths from diarrhoea in these children.
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PMID:Maternal practices and risk factors for dehydration from diarrhoea in young children: a case-control study in central Thailand slums. 129 40

The aim of this study was to determine whether the severity of symptoms associated with rotavirus infection was related to the serotype of the infecting virus. Severity of clinical symptoms in 108 children admitted to hospital for treatment of rotavirus diarrhoea was retrospectively assessed using a scoring system for frequency and duration of vomiting and diarrhoea, degree of fever, acidosis and dehydration, and presence of electrolyte imbalance. Children were 6-30 months old and were fully weaned at onset of symptoms prior to admission to hospital. No other enteric pathogens were detected during the course of the illness. Serotypes and monotypes were identified using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Gel electrophoresis of rotavirus RNA was performed to determine electropherotypes. Children surveyed were infected with serotype 1 (47), serotype 2 (15) or serotype 4 (46) rotaviruses. Comparisons of severity of clinical symptoms according to infecting serotype revealed no statistically significant differences between serotype 1, 2 or 4 infections. In addition, no differences were detected between different rotavirus strains within each serotype (as judged by electropherotype) including monotypes 1a or 1c. This study failed to reveal differences in virulence between rotavirus strains of different VP7 serotypes infecting young children.
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PMID:Severity of rotavirus infection in relation to serotype, monotype and electropherotype. 131 50

To improve the understanding of the relative importance of serotypes of rotavirus in dehydrating diarrhea, we examined the correlation of clinical characteristics and disease severity with serotype in 2,441 diarrheal episodes among children younger than 2 years of age in rural Bangladesh. Of 764 rotavirus-associated episodes, a single G type (serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4) was determined by oligonucleotide probe in 485 (63%), while 233 episodes were nontypeable. Episodes with G types 2 and 3 were associated with more-severe dehydration than episodes associated with G type 1 or 4 or with nontypeable rotavirus. Episodes did not differ by G type in prevalence of vomiting, copious diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, or length of treatment center stay. Rotavirus reinfections were detected in seven children, with homologous reinfection (G type 2) in one. Twelve children with diarrhea who died had rotavirus detected in stool specimens within 30 days of death. Children who died were more likely to be malnourished than were surviving children with rotavirus diarrhea. Of 40 specimens tested by polymerase chain reaction, 29 (72.5%) were P type 1, 9 (22.5%) were P type 2, 1 (2.5%) was P type 3, and 1 (2.5%) was nontypeable. One severely symptomatic diarrheal episode was associated with P type 3 rotavirus, a serotype usually found in asymptomatic nursery infections. Although G types 2 and 3 were associated with more-severe dehydration than other serotypes, the differences do not appear to be of major clinical importance. Effective vaccines should protect against all four major G types.
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PMID:Rotavirus diarrhea in Bangladeshi children: correlation of disease severity with serotypes. 133 90

The authors report on an observation of imipramine withdrawal syndrome which appeared when tapering the treatment of a case of bed-wetting. Symptoms included vomiting, digestive intolerance and dehydration. Such a presentation can mislead diagnosis towards abdominal or neurosurgical pathology. All symptoms disappeared after a symptomatic treatment or in combination with the return of imipramine. It is therefore important to be aware of this complication before prescribing imipramine treatment for enuresis. The discontinuation of this drug must be very progressive.
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PMID:[Imipramine withdrawal syndrome during a treatment for enuresis]. 133 29

The paper presents the case of a 26-yr-old patient admitted for intersexuality. Clinical examination shows statural deficit, female phenotype, melanoderma, glabrous tegmina except for the pubic area presenting horizontally inserted pilosity, labioscrotum devoid of contents, pseudomicropenis with hypospadias. The Barr cytogenetic test is positive (56%) and hormone assay shows plasma cortisol at the lower limit and adrenal androgenic hormones and their metabolites in excess, suppressible by dexamethasone. The patient had a history of repeated admissions to intensive care units for severe dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea and collapse.
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PMID:Congenital adrenal hyperplasia with female pseudohermaphroditism in a 26-year-old patient. 133 22

The response rate and survival obtained with the combined regimen of bleomycin, ifosfamide, and cis-platinum (BIP) were analyzed in a series of 24 patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma in previously irradiated area. The doses were 30 mg, 5000 mg/m2, and 50 mg/m2, respectively. Mesna was given simultaneously (6000 mg/m2). None of the patients were treated with prior chemotherapy. All the patients were evaluable for toxicity and 20 for response. The median survival in patients evaluable for response was 9 months. No complete and 3 partial responses (15%) were observed, with a median duration of survival of 10+ months (range, 9(+) -16). Stable disease was observed in 8 patients (40%) with a median duration of survival of 9.5 months (range, 6(+) -20). Progressive disease was observed in 9 patients (45%) with a median duration of survival of 6 months (range, 3-25+). Four patients received one course only because of toxicity. One of these patients died at home 6 days after the first course, probably because of dehydration. The main toxicities were myelosuppression, renal impairment, alopecia, and nausea/vomiting. In conclusion, the BIP regimen has considerable toxicity. We were not able to confirm the high response rates earlier reported in pelvic recurrence inside a previously irradiated area. Emphasis in future studies must continue to be placed on the development of more active single agents and combinations.
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PMID:Bleomycin-ifosfamide-cis-platinum (BIP) in pelvic recurrence of previously irradiated cervical carcinoma: a second look. 137 61

A 45-year-old white man ingested approximately two cups of boric acid crystals dissolved in water in a suicide attempt. Nausea, vomiting, greenish diarrhea, and dehydration occurred shortly thereafter. Two days later, he presented to the hospital with hypotension, metabolic acidosis, oliguric renal failure, a generalized erythematous rash, and several superficial skin abrasions. His condition failed to improve despite intravenous fluids and vasopressors. He later developed atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response and could not be converted to a sinus rhythm. This rhythm deteriorated to electromechanical dissociation, and the patient died 17 hours after admission. The urine and whole blood boric acid concentrations approximately 52 hours after ingestion were 160 and 42 mg/dL, respectively. These results are equivalent to urine and blood boron concentrations of 28 and 7 mg/dL, respectively. A postmortem urine boron concentration was 29.4 mg/dL. The autopsy report listed boron toxicity as the cause of death. This is the only adult reported to die from acute boric acid ingestion in recent years and may be atypical since the patient was untreated for 3 days and presented with dehydration and renal function impairment. This case suggests that lack of adequate urine flow and dehydration increases the risk of boron toxicity.
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PMID:Fatal ingestion of boric acid in an adult. 138 80

Fifty patients of grade III & IV malnutrition with diarrhoeal dehydration were rehydrated using the WHO recommended ORS. Serum sodium and potassium levels were estimated at admission and 24 hours later. Forty seven patients were successfully rehydrated orally. In 7 patients the level of dehydration at initial assessment was overestimated. Periorbital edema developed in 25.5% of the patients rehydrated. No patient had cardiac failure or convulsions during therapy. Though persistent hyponatremia and hypokalemia were found in 10.6% and 19.15% cases respectively after rehydration, the incidence decreased as compared to the pre-hydration levels and was comparable to that found in malnourished children without diarrhea who served as controls in the present study. Oral rehydration was discontinued in three patients due to development of excessive vomiting in one case and paralytic ileus in two. Thus WHO ORS can be used safely in children with severe malnutrition but constant monitoring is required.
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PMID:Oral rehydration therapy in severely malnourished children with diarrheal dehydration. 139 64

Fifty-one children under the age of 10 years admitted to a general hospital in Trinidad had a confirmed diagnosis of malrotation of the intestines. This was the primary diagnosis in 20 cases. Analysis of the records of these 20 revealed that one-half were less than 1 month of age at first presentation. Vomiting was a universal complaint, and nearly two-thirds were malnourished. Disturbed bowel habit, anorexia and abdominal pain were also reported. In 30% (six of 20) there were signs of dehydration; an equal number had features of intestinal obstruction. Radiological investigation provided the diagnosis in all but one child, who underwent surgical exploration with a provisional diagnosis of appendicitis. Although a volvulus was found in 35% of cases, no resections were necessary. A high rate of morbidity and a mortality rate of 15% highlight the problems involved in the surgical care of young infants.
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PMID:Intestinal malrotation in Trinidad. 140 41


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