Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anorexia nervosa (AN), a psychosomatic disease mainly affecting young women, is characterized by conscious starvation, periods of excessive carbohydrate intake and often deliberate vomiting. Medical history, dental examination, and saliva tests of 39 patients aged 14 to 42 years, having suffered from AN for periods of 1 to 20 years, showed dental caries, due to excessive carbohydrate consumption, in all subjects, often in a rampant form. In patients with a history of intense vomiting (27 cases) severe lingual-occlusal erosion (perimylolysis) was nearly always present. Buccal erosion, mainly due to high consumption of acid fruits and drinks to relieve thirst caused by dehydration, was more frequent in vomiting than in non-vomiting patients. Subnormal values of saliva properties, owing to dehydration or xerostomia-inducing medication, were present in the majority of cases; the lowest values occurred in those vomiting. The association AN - vomiting - perimylolysis is discussed, as well as prophylactic and therapeutic measures. A medical, psychiatric, and dental survey of AN is presented.
 ...
PMID:Oral complications in anorexia nervosa. 1 94

Twenty-five serious cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, representing 23 patients, with ages ranging from 4 to 15 years are reported. School agers and adolescents were the groups most affected without existing significant predilection for sex. In 40% there was no success in finding the precipitating cause of the crisis; 32% was attributed to infectious processes, specially of the respiratory ducts and the rest, due to negligence in the application of insulin. The clinical signs showed: vomiting, dehydration, Kussamaul's respiration, sopor, stupor and in 5 cases a state of coma. Determinations of glucose, were integrated in 88% within the range of 451 to 750 mg % and the rest in lower figures. The pH in most was reported below 7.10 and CO2 lower than 10 mEq/l. Electrolytes in blood were generally evaluated within normal limits. Potassium in 20% was reported high, but we consider this was due to dehydration and because of its influence we recommend an electrocardiographic evaluation. Our classification which attempts to correlate the clinic and the laboratory is reported and our therapeutic scheme is discussed as well as the possible causes in two patients who died.
 ...
PMID:[Diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. Clinical and therapeutical considerations in 25 severe cases]. 2 Sep 2

The use of sucrose in oral rehydration therapy solutions in place of glucose was tested in 18 patients, 17 males and 1 female, admitted for treatment of severe dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting. 13 of these patients were positive for cholera (1 with untyped vibrio), whereas 4 others cultured no recognizable pathogen. Patients received an average 1100 ml of intravenous fluids to keep the intravenous drip open during the oral therapy period, and the intravenous therapy was stopped or slowed during oral (or nasogastric) therapy. Average patient age was 32 years. Oral solutions contained either 48 or 38 gm of sucrose per liter plus (in all solutions) sodium chloride (4.2 gm/liter), sodium bicarbonate (2 gm/liter), and potassium citrate (2.7 gm/liter). Of the 18 patients, 15 could be maintained using this solution, but 3 developed massive increases in net fluid losses with increases in plasma specific gravity, which necessitated terminating the therapy. In these failure cases, plasma specific gravity increased over 1.031. Stool samples of 12 patients tested were found to contain reducing sugar: prehydrolysis 436 mg/100 ml, posthydrolysis 957 mg/100 ml. The breakdown of sucrose by intestinal enzymes or by bacteria accounts for the presence of reducing sugar in the stool. These data contrast with the rarity of treatment failures of oral glucose therapy; therefore, glucose is the preferable component in oral rehydration electrolyte solution therapy.
 ...
PMID:Sucrose in oral therapy for cholera and related diarrhoeas. 4 61

In a clinical study of 32 infants with symptoms from infections with the human reovirus-like agent (R.I.A.) identified by electron microscopy (E.M.) of faecal extracts, a fairly consistent clinical pattern was found in 30 who had a gastroenteritis-like illness. The disease was usually mild, affecting mainly infants less than 2 years and males more commonly than females. The incubation period appeared to be 48-72 hours; and the onset was sudden, often with vomiting in the first 1-2 days of the illness. Loose yellow-green offensive stools without blood or mucus developed after a variable time, and there was often accompanying fever. Severe dehydration and electrolyte inbalance were uncommon; and with standard treatment the illness was uncomplicated, usually lasting 5-8 days. These features resemble those of previously reported winter epidemics of infantile non-bacterial gastroenteritis, and it is suggested that these epidemics were due to R.L.A. 2 infants in whom R.L.A. was identified in the stool did not have a gastroenteritis-like illness although both had protracted diarrhoea.
 ...
PMID:Infantile gastroenteritis: a clinical study of reovirus-like agent infection. 5 64

20 consecutive child admissions to a Calcutta, India, hospital with acute diarrhea and moderate to severe clinical dehydration were studied. They were treated with an oral sucrose/electrolyte solution, which achieved complete hydration in 19 out of the 20 cases; 1 child did not respond and needed intravenous therapy. Vomiting, abdominal distension, and appearance of sugar in the stools during oral therapy did not interfer with its success. A child was considered to have recovered when the body weight had stabilized and when there was no further diarrhea, a process requiring 5-6 days. In addition, recovery involved restoration of plasma-bicarbonate to normal levels, falls in the hematocrit values and in the plasma specific gravidity, and complete clinical recovery. Solutions of glucose/electrolytes have already been used in the treatment of acute diarrhea. Replacement of glucose with sucrose is preferable since it is less expensive and more readily available in developing areas. This study showed that replacement of the glucose with sucrose is as effective.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of a sucrose/electrolyte solution for oral rehydration in acute infantile diarrhoea. 6 56

48 patients admitted to a rural Bangladesh hospital with dehydration secondary to diarrhea were examined for infection caused by (R.L.A.) reovirus-like agent or (E.T.E.C.) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The diagnosis of R.L.A. infection was established by electron microscopy of stool filtrates and by a 4-fold or greater rise in serum complement-fixing antibodies to the Nebraska calf diarrhea virus. Evidence of infection by heat-labile-toxin producing E.T.E.C. was sought by stool culture and serological testing using the adrenal cell tissue-culture system. Infection by heat-stable-toxin producing E.T.E.C. was sought by stool culture using the infant mouse test. 12 patients, all less than 2 years old, had evidence of R.L.A. infection, accounting for illness in 5% of the 22 patients under 2. None of these 22 had evidence of E.E.T.E.C. infection. R.L.A. diarrhea lasted 5-6 days, often led to serious dehydration, and was associated with vomiting and fever. 11 cases of E.T.E.C. diarrhea were detected, accounting for 56% of the cases of diarrhea in the 18 patients who were more than 10 years old. Diarrhea caused by E.T.E.C. was sudden in onset, shorter in duration, and caused pronounced dehydration. In a community survey, E.T.E.C. was isolated with equal frequency in the stools of control and case family members. Data suggest that E.T.E.C. is a common cause of adult diarrhea in Bangladesh while R.L.A. is a common cause of diarrhea in children.
 ...
PMID:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Reovirus-like agent in rural Bangladesh. 7 38

This study is a description of a patient who exhibited diabetic ketosis associated with an alkalosis rather than acidosis and a review of eight previously reported cases. Precipitating factors for this syndrome are severe vomiting with loss of hydrogen, potassium, and chloride ions, and dehydration. The ingestion of alkali may also result in this mixed acid-base disturbance. Treatment consists primarily of replacement of potassium and chloride. All reported patients had received large doses of insulin for initial therapy; however, limited insulin (20 U) therapy in this patient almost completely reversed the metabolic abnormality with 12 hours.
 ...
PMID:Mixed acid-base abnormalities in diabetes. 10 96

In August-October 1973 several NAG vibrio strains were isolated for the first time in our country from clinical cases of acute intestinal disturbances. The patients were admitted to hospital being clinically suspect of dysenteric syndrome or alimentary toxiinfection (nausea, vomiting, abdominal colics, tenesms, mucosanguinolent stools, aqeous stools from 4-5 up to 20 in 24 hours, with signs of dehydration). NAG vibrios were isolated from all the cultures in, practically, pure cultures. Epidemiologic survey in the village of B resulted in isolation of the same NAG vibrio strains from the samples collected from the direct contacts and drinking water sources. Therefore, NAG vibrios can unquestionably cause a diarrheic disease and it will be necessary to extend the bacteriologic diangosis also in this direction in all cases of diarrhea of "unknown etiology".
 ...
PMID:[Gastrointestinal disorders caused by non-agglutinable (NAG) vibrios]. 12 99

The effect of dehydration on the incidence of side effects from metrizamide myelography was studied. One hundred consecutive patients scheduled for myelography fasted overnight and were then randomly divided into two groups. Group I received 2 liters of fluid intravenously just prior to myelography; Group II did not. Both groups were studied in the standard manner, using 170 mg l/ml of metrizamide. Side effects were recorded 24 and 48 hours after the procedure. Headaches, vomiting, and some other side effects were less common and less severe in the hydrated group. Clear liquids given orally or intravenous fluids are recommended prior to myelography to minimize side effects.
 ...
PMID:The effect of dehydration on the side effects of metrizamide myelography. 15 37

Between January, 1974, and June, 1975, infection with a human reovirus-like agent was detected in 47% of 152 infants and children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Certain epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings appear to be helpful in distinguishing gastroenteritis due to HRVLA from other causes in those children sick enough to require hospitalization. Age: 76% of infants and children seven through 12 months of age and 76% of those 13 through 24 months of age had infection with the HRVLA, whereas such infection was found in only 21% of infants under six months of age and 23% of children 25 through 60 months of age. Time of Year: 61% of patients studied during the cooler months had HRVLA infection and such infection was not found from June to October. Frequency of vomiting and dehydration: Twice as many patients infected with HRVLA as those who were not had vomiting (92%) and significant dehydration (83%).
 ...
PMID:Clinical features of acute gastroenteritis associated with human reovirus-like agent in infants and young children. 19 31


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>