Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ciprofloxacin, a recently released oral fluorinated quinolone structurally related to nalidixic acid, joins norfloxacin as the second drug of this class to be released. Ciprofloxacin has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and importantly demonstrates little cross resistance to non-quinolone drug classes (e.g. ureidopenicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides). Unlike other antibacterial classes such as the beta-lactams or aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin does not suffer from transferable plasmid-mediated (i.e. R-factor) antibiotic resistance. Against gram-positive (including penicillin-resistant and methicillin-resistant staphylococci aureus) and gram-negative aerobic bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin demonstrates excellent activity. Ciprofloxacin is inactive against Trichomonas sp., treponemes, and fungi and anaerobes are considered resistant. Ciprofloxacin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (i.e. 70-80% bioavailable), demonstrates extensive extravascular distribution, and its 3.5-5 hour half-life allows twice daily dosing. The bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin was shown to be comparable to third generation cephalosporins or aminoglycosides for osteomyelitis, cefotaxime for skin structure infections, and to a combination of tobramycin with azlocillin for pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. Adverse events associated with ciprofloxacin are related mostly to gastrointestinal disturbance and consist of nausea/vomiting or diarrhea. Concomitant administration of ciprofloxacin and theophylline may lead to decreased theophylline clearance and necessitates periodic measurements of theophylline levels to avoid toxic levels. Treatment with oral ciprofloxacin should offer substantial cost savings over a variety of parenteral antimicrobial regimens (e.g. aminoglycoside + beta-lactams) for difficult to treat infections such as chronic pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, and skin structure infections. Consideration of important precautions (e.g. contraindications, drug interactions) and potential disadvantages (e.g. emergence of resistance) must also guide the rational use of oral ciprofloxacin.
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PMID:Focus on oral ciprofloxacin; clinical and economic considerations. 1029 99

Retained meconium resulting in intestinal obstruction in infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) may cause significant morbidity and even mortality. Immature intestinal neuromuscular function, abnormal meconium composition, and maternal magnesium sulfate therapy results in delay of first meconium passage. This "normal" passage of first meconium may not occur until 1 week of life or later. A spectrum of conditions results from this delayed passage. At the most serious end of this continuum is intestinal obstruction. These patients present with abdominal distension, emesis, and reduced stool frequency. Early diagnosis of this condition using plain abdominal radiographs and contrast enemas where appropriate is imperative. Contrast enemas may be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Most patients do not need surgical intervention. Operation is indicated when enemas fail to relieve the obstruction or perforation occurs. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management results in a good outcome. Meconium obstruction in VLBW infants does not appear to be associated with cystic fibrosis or Hirschsprung's disease.
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PMID:Meconium diseases in infants with very low birth weight. 1080 28

Meconium peritonitis is a chemical reaction of peritonium to meconium which occurs due to leakage of meconium into peritoneal cavity as a result of perforation of intestines antinatally which gets subsequently sealed. In the present retrospective study, 39 cases of neonatal peritonitis were studied. Meconium peritonitis was diagnosed if a) abdominal X-ray showed diffuse calcifications (b) abdominal paracentesis showed meconium aspirate and c) leprotomy examination. Twenty (51.3%) out of 39 cases of neonatal peritonitis were found to have meconium peritonitis. These included 14 boys and 6 girls, birth weight ranged from 1500 gms to 3200 gms and mean age of presentation included abdominal distension in 100% cases, H/O not passing meconium in 50% cases, Ascites in 45% cases and vomiting in 40% cases, 30% presented with abdominal mass. Pseudocyst formation on X-ray was seen in 23% cases which was much higher than reported in world literature. Overall mortality in meconium peritonitis was 80%. The incidence of meconium peritonitis in this part of country in much higher than reported in Western and Indian literature. The high incidence may be due to underlying cystic fibrosis because Kashmir has a more homogenous population and consanguinity is very common. A prospective study including sweat chloride testing needs to be undertaken to look into the cause for proportionately higher occurrence of meconium peritonitis in Kashmir with particular reference to cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:Meconium peritonitis--a leading cause of neonatal peritonitis in Kashmir. 1082 94

Chiari type I malformation is characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. An association between Chiari type I malformation and cystic fibrosis (CF) has not previously been established. We report on five children and adolescents with CF in whom Chiari type I malformations were diagnosed. Three patients were 17-18 years old at time of diagnosis, one was 3 years old, and one was 10 months of age. All patients were followed at the Cystic Fibrosis Center at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children and were diagnosed with the malformations between June 1988 and June 1997. Over this same period, 400 CF patients 18 years or younger were followed routinely. All patients had the diagnosis of Chiari type I confirmed by brain-stem MRI. Neurologic findings included swallowing dysfunction, syncopal episodes, numbness of extremities, recurrent vomiting, and headaches. No two patients had the same presenting neurologic findings. Our data suggest that Chiari type I malformation is more common in CF than in the general population. The possibility of Chiari type I malformation should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained neurologic complaints in patients with CF.
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PMID:Chiari type I malformation in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. 1110 62

Treatment aimed at achieving an ideal nutritional status is an integral part of the management of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Emphasis is continually placed upon dietary intake and weight. The effects of this on eating behavior and self-perceptions are unclear. This work compared male and female CF adults with a healthy male and female control population with regard to (a) clinical variables, (b) actual, perceived, and desired body shape/body mass index (BMI), and (c) body satisfaction, eating behaviors and attitudes, and self-esteem. Clinical data were recorded for 221 adults with CF and 148 healthy controls. All subjects completed BMI Charts (perception of body weight/BMI), the Eating Attitudes Test, and scales of body satisfaction and self-esteem. CF patients had poorer lung function and nutritional status than controls. Control males accurately perceived their body shape/BMI and were content with it, whereas CF males viewed their BMI as greater than it actually was and desired to be much heavier. Control females viewed their body shape/BMI as less than it actually was and desired to be even slimmer, in comparison with CF females, who perceived their BMI as less than it actually was but were happy with their perceived shape/weight. Control subjects, especially females, dieted to a greater extent and were more preoccupied with food (with binge eating and intended vomiting) than CF patients. Conversely, those with CF reported greater pressure from others to eat than did controls. More problems with food/eating behavior were associated with less body satisfaction and reduced self-esteem. In comparison with a healthy control population, the perceptions and behaviors of CF adults relating to eating, weight, and body image are not abnormal. Indeed, females with CF have fewer problems than their healthy peers.
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PMID:Perceived body image and eating behavior in young adults with cystic fibrosis and their healthy peers. 1119 84

A female neonate developed abdominal distension with vomiting. She was suffering from meconium ileus and cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:[Diagnostic image (119). A neonate with abnormal distention and vomiting. Meconium ileus and cystic fibrosis]. 1253 66

Young adults with cystic fibrosis are actively encouraged to take increasing self-responsibility, both at home and in hospital, for their often complicated therapeutic regimens. Many patients manage both their intravenous antibiotics and overnight enteral feeds. In our unit strict training protocols are followed to ensure that patients fully understand, and can safely perform, any procedure for which they will subsequently be responsible. Nonetheless, a 21-year-old man with cystic fibrosis admitted for treatment of his acute respiratory deterioration inadvertently attached his disconnected nasogastric feeding line to his intravenous access site during the night. Approximately 500 ml of enteral feed was administered intravenously with subsequent fevers, rigors, tachycardia, and vomiting. This is the first report of the patient, rather then the medical staff, inadvertently connecting the enteral feeding line to the intravenous access site.
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PMID:Accidental intravenous administration of enteral feeds by a patient with cystic fibrosis. 1684 49

The domestic or European ferret (Mustela putorius furo) has been domesticated for thousands of years. Ferrets have been used for hunting and fur production, as pets, and as models in biomedical research. Despite the relatively small numbers used in the laboratory, ferrets have some unique applications including study of human influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated corona virus. They have served as models for peptic ulcer disease, carotenoid metabolism, cystic fibrosis, and drug emesis screening, among others. Most research ferrets are males, due to estrus-related health problems in females. They may be housed conventionally and are easy to care for when their biology and behavior are understood. Due to the small number of ferret suppliers, animals are often shipped long distances, requiring air transport and intermediate handlers. It is important to minimize shipment stress, especially with weanling and pregnant animals. Additional expertise is required for success with pregnant and whelping ferrets and for rearing of neonates. The animals have specific dietary requirements, and proper nutrition is key. Successful housing requires knowledge of ferret behaviors including social behavior, eating habits, a general inquisitive nature, and a species-typical need to burrow and hide. Regular handling is necessary to maintain well-being. A ferret health care program consists of physical examination, immunization, clinical pathology, and a working knowledge of common ferret diseases. Various research methodologies have been described, from basic procedures such as blood collection to major invasive survival surgery. Ferrets have a distinct niche in biomedical research and are hardy animals that thrive well in the laboratory.
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PMID:Issues to consider for preparing ferrets as research subjects in the laboratory. 1696 14

Cystic fibrosis (CF) may present during neonatal period with classic clinic symptoms related to the disease. The severity of the disease is multifactorial, one of the factors depends on the level of activity of the CFTR protein, which is related with the mutation type that affects the patient. An infant is presented who developed recurrent episodes of vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities, such as metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia. CF was diagnosed after the third episode showing an unusual and not very publicized presentation of the disease. Mutations !F 508 and 2789+5G-A were found. CF should be considered in patients of any age, but particularly in infants, presenting with anorexia, vomiting, failure to thrive, that are associated with recurrent episodes of hyponatremic hypochloremic, dehydration with metabolic alkalosis unexplained by other causes, even in the absence of respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms or failure to thrive.
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PMID:[Dehydration and metabolic alkalosis: an unusual presentation of cystic fibrosis in an infant]. 1903 Jun 45

Cases of metabolic alkalosis are divided into susceptible or resistant to treatment with sodium chloride, depending on the response to it. The resistant cases present with high urinary excretion of chloride, and are secondary to tubular disease or use of diuretics. Included among the sensitive cases are, vomiting, cystic fibrosis and low intake. Two infants were fed with "almond milk" and showed clinical symptoms of dehydration and failure to thrive. Hypochloraemic and hypokalaemic metabolic alkasosis was seen in both cases, which responded satisfactorily to water and electrolyte replacement. After ruling out vomiting, ingestion of drugs, tubular disease, and cystic fibrosis, the diagnosis was low intake, due to poor contribution of Na+ and Cl(-) provided by the "almond milk". This deficit induces an increase in proximal tubular reabsorption of H(-)CO3 and in parts of the distal nephron, an increase in reabsorption of Na+ and Cl(-) which are exchanged with K+ and H+, which can give rise to a hypochloraemic alkalosis and hypokalaemia. Secondary hypothyroidism was found in one case, apparently due to the lack of iodine in the almond milk, and disorders of the myelination characterized by optic neuritis and hearing loss. These disorders were resolved when feeding with human formula was established.
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PMID:[Infant metabolic alkalosis of dietetic origin]. 1930 29


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