Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was performed on 291 donors during apheresis. Twenty-one donors (7.2%) had clinical symptoms such as discomfort, nausea, chill, numbness, and paresthesia, and 13 of this group exhibited ECG abnormalities, such as tachycardia, bradycardia, and other abnormal wave patterns. The donors with tachycardia and slight bradycardia had no symptoms. Ten donors had moderate to severe bradycardia with pulse rates less than 50 beats per minute; four of them had severe bradycardia (less than 45 beats per minute), and three of the four exhibited severe hypotension, vomiting, fainting, or convulsion. Other abnormal ECG changes, such as supraventricular and ventricular premature contractions, right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation or ST segment depression, and tall, flattened, or inverted T waves were observed in 29 donors (10%). These changes were not associated with symptoms. Only three of these donors complained of discomfort or chest heaviness. The abnormal waves appeared more often in granulocytapheresis donors than in plateletapheresis donors.
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PMID:Abnormal electrocardiographic findings in apheresis donors. 245 70

Four cases of brain tumors associated with hemorrhage from tumors as their first manifestation were reported. These were malignant astrocytoma in two cases, brain metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in one case and skull metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in one case. Clinical symptoms and sings were generalized convulsion, sudden onset of headache, vomiting and hemiparesis. It was difficult to confirm the diagnosis of brain tumors in such cases. Therefore it is important to perform follow-up plain and enhanced CT repeatedly and it is also important to make adequate biopsy of hematoma wall and surrounding tissue during operation.
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PMID:[Brain tumors associated with hemorrhage from tumors as their first manifestation]. 255 50

We report a 9 year-old boy with MELAS. High dosed oral thiamine administration and high fat diet induced remarkable neurological and biochemical improvement. His mother had episodic headaches and hemiplegia, probably MELAS. He complained muscle weakness and repeated episodes of vomiting started from 2 years of age. High levels of serum lactate and pyruvate were recognized, but with no metabolic acidosis. He developed generalized muscle weakness, growth retardation, generalized convulsions and stroke-like episodes at 5 years old. Optic nerve atrophy and mental retardation gradually appeared. A muscle biopsy at 5 years old revealed numerous ragged-red fibers with excess accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen particles. Scattered fibers had no cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity representing focal CCO deficiency. An electron microscopy showed markedly increased number of giant mitochondria filled with markedly proliferated complicated cristae. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex level in the fibroblasts was within normal ranges. Serum carnitine level was normal. With oral administration of thiamine hydrochloride (1000 mg) and high fat diet (60-70%), muscle weakness improved, and lactate and pyruvate levels in the serum reduced to normal ranges, whereas the mental deterioration, muscle atrophy, pes cavus progressed very slowly. He died from cardiac and renal failures at 9 years old. Autopsied muscles showed a marked decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity (biochemically 12.8% of the normal level), and almost all muscle fibers had no cytochrome c oxidase activity histochemically. The progression of the MELAS was probably in parallel with the decrease in CCO activity.
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PMID:[A case of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) with progressive cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]. 255 13

Fifty-nine children with Japanese encephalitis admitted in Maharaj Nakhon Chiang Mai Hospital since 1984-1985 were studied. The male to female ratio was 1.18:1. The age range was between 1 to 14 years old with 74% in the age range of 6-14 years. The symptoms included change of consciousness (100%), fever (96%), headache (76%), convulsions (59%) and vomiting (52%). The neurologic signs, namely positive meningeal signs (61%), hyperreflexia (61%), positive Babinski's sign (49%) hemiplegia (42%), papilledema (22%), and other cranial nerve palsies (23%) were seen. Abnormal respiration were found in 23% and 8% of cases had hypertension. Most children (81%) had blood leukocytosis with predominant neutrophils. The average CSF white blood cell count was 200 cells per mm. with lymphocytosis in 76 percent of the patients. The average CSF protein was higher than normal. Almost all cases had normal CSF sugar levels. The JEV antibody response, mostly primary type, Occurred in about 62 percent of cases. All children received symptomatic and supportive treatment, such as antipyretics, anticonvulsants, anticerebral edema agents, adequate respiration and nutrition and physical and occupational therapies. Associated complications were treated according to the individual's need. The mortality rate and neurological sequelae were found in 17% and 57% of cases respectively. Eighteen percent of the patients suffered severe neurological sequelae. The neurological sequelae included memory deficit (46%), mental retardation (42%), hemiplegia (34%), emotional and behavioral disturbance (24%), epilepsy (20%), motor aphasia (16%), cranial nerve palsies (16%), involuntary limb movement (8%) and blindness (2%).
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PMID:Japanese encephalitis in children in northern Thailand. 256 17

Dramatic advances in recent years in the diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) make it imperative for the physician to be both aware of their occurrence and acquainted with their clinical presentations. Many may present with symptoms and signs common to sick infants, such as refusal to feed, vomiting and convulsions. Failure to include IEM in the differential diagnosis may have grave consequences, because only prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of a metabolic crisis can help prevent irreversible brain damage or death. We describe a 3-week-old female infant, eventually diagnosed as having an IEM (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaric aciduria), who was admitted to various hospitals and died during her last admission. We focused on the clinical and laboratory findings of each of the first 2 admissions which might have provided clues to the true nature of the illness had the clinicians been aware of the possibility of IEM. Patients with IEM are generally managed in specialized centers; however, the responsibility for initial recognition and immediate treatment of a metabolic emergency lies with the primary physician. The purpose of our case presentation and the discussion of the lessons derived from it, is to prompt the clinician to an awareness and understanding of a subject that used to be considered reserved for specialists. In fact, all that is needed is clinical alertness and the performance of certain well-focused, simple laboratory tests for IEM.
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PMID:[Inborn errors of metabolism: lessons from a clinical case]. 257 20

Acute toxicity studies of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4) were carried out in mice, rats and dogs of both sexes. 1. The LD50 values of P-4 were as follows: Mice; 410 (male) and 323 (female) mg/kg in oral route, 223 (male) and 283 (female) mg/kg in subcutaneous route and 36 (male and female) mg/kg in intravenous route, Rats; 1000 (male) and 1092 (female) mg/kg in oral route, 1632 (male) and 1411 (female) mg/kg in subcutaneous route, and 22 (male) and 25 (female) mg/kg in intravenous route. On the LD50 values, no sexual difference was apparent but the species difference between mice and rats observed to be present in oral and subcutaneous routes. The approximate lethal doses of P-4 in dogs were 987-1137 mg/kg for male and 865-894 mg/kg for female in oral route, and the values were almost same as those in rats of oral route. 2. Major toxic signs such as clonic convulsion, bradypnoea, dyspnoea, decreased spontaneous activity and hematuria were observed in mice and rats. Furthermore mydriasis in rats, and transitory salivation and/or vocalization in mice and rats were observed. In some rats, sedation, salivation, soil at hypogastrium, rale and emaciation were detected from the next day of oral administration. In dogs, toxic signs such as vomiting, tremor, tonic and/or clonic convulsion, mydriasis and gasping were observed. 3. Pathological changes observed in dead animals were congestion of lungs, liver and kidneys in all routes, congestion and hemorrhage in digestive tracts in oral route, inflammatory changes at the injection site in subcutaneous route. In addition, retention of hematuria in urinary bladder in rats of oral and subcutaneous routes, the hemorrhagic changes of heart, atonia of urinary bladder and retention of urine in dogs were observed. 4. The main cause of death seemed to be respiratory disturbance in all species and the weakness in a few rats of oral route.
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PMID:[Acute toxicity studies of propiverine hydrochloride]. 260 50

Among various cases of intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn caused by birth injury, posterior fossa subdural hematoma is of serious nature in many cases and often results in death after critical clinical course due to compression of the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata. We have recently experienced two cases of subdural hematoma in the posterior fossa caused by birth injury, which we successfully treated non-surgically. Herein, we report these two cases and present a sequential CT scan of each. The first case is a full-term (39 weeks gestation) male infant. Delivery was carried out spontaneously with double footling presentation. At 20 hours of age, cyanosis and convulsion occurred. CT scan was performed and revealed high density areas in the posterior fossa, quadrigeminal cistern and longitudinal cerebral fissure. Bloody CSF was discharged per lumbar puncture and glycerol was infused intravenously, but the ventricle became enlarged. At this point at 9 days of age, the infant was admitted to our hospital. While he showed poor activity on admission, hematoma was absorbed gradually and disappeared at 3 months of age by conservative treatment. Now, at 6 years and 6 months of age, the patient has no neurological deficits. The second case is a full-term (40 weeks gestation) twin female infant. Due to breech presentation, delivery was conducted per breech extraction. At three days of age, vomiting, fontanel bulging and hypotonia were observed. CT scan revealed hematoma similar to that seen in the first case, and steroid and glycerol were infused intravenously. Conservative treatment was performed in this case also, and changes shown by CT scan were almost the same as those seen in the first case. The patient has no neurological deficits at 5 years and 7 months of age. Since the introduction of CT scan, early diagnosis of a subdural hematoma in the posterior fossa has been possible. But reports of successful surgical treatment are not so frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Posterior fossa subdural hematoma in the newborn caused by birth injury]. 261

Six new cases of psychogenic water intoxication are discussed in the light of 150 observations published in the literature since 1935. 87% of all patients were schizophrenic, and 13% had other psychoses and a variety of functional and organic psychopathies. Psychogenic polydipsia is a prerequisite of psychogenic water intoxication. Water intake either overrides an intact osmoregulation (46% of all cases) or, allied to an inadequate urinary dilutional capacity (54%), leads to a transitory, sometimes repeated, and (in 8% of all cases) lethal water intoxication and hypoosmolality. - The consequence of hypoosmolality is metabolic encephalopathy, with agitation, convulsions and coma as its most common symptoms. Profuse diuresis, enuresis and urinary retention, gastric dilatation, watery vomiting and watery diarrhea are diagnostically helpful symptoms of polydipsia typically denied by the patients. Hypoosmolality/hyponatremia are the hallmarks of water intoxication. However, fewer than 50% of all patients present with the expected maximal urinary dilution. Inadequate ADH activity and increased sensitivity of the renal tubule to antidiuretic hormone are the pathogenetic factors in this inappropriate urinary dilution, while psychosis, psychotropic drugs, diuretics, nicotine and alcohol withdrawal are possible causes and cofactors of polydipsia and inadequate urinary dilution. New aspects of treatment are discussed.
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PMID:[Psychogenic water intoxication]. 264 58

Gyromitra esculenta (Persoon ex Fries) mushrooms have been responsible for severe intoxications and even deaths. Clinical data are characterized primarily by vomiting and diarrhoea, and, afterwhile, by jaundice, convulsions and coma. The species of concern are mainly G. esculenta, G. fastigiata and G. gigas; nevertheless, recent advances in chromatography, biochemistry and toxicology have established that other species within the Ascomycetes may prove also toxic. The toxins, i.e. gyromitrin (N-methyl-N-formyl-N-acetyl-hydrazone) and its higher homologues, are converted in vivo into MFH (N-methyl-N-formyl-hydrazine), then into MMH (N-Methylhydrazine). The toxicity of these latter chemicals, which are chiefly hepatotoxic and even carcinogenic, has been established through in vivo, and, in vitro experiments with monocelled cultures and biochemical systems. Considering the chemical structure and the reactivity of these natural compounds, chemical and biochemical mechanisms are suggested in order to explain their intrinsic biological activity.
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PMID:[Poisoning by Geromitra esculenta]. 268 13

We investigated the rates of local and systemic reactions following 9920 diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis immunizations from 25 lots of commercially available, United States-licensed diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis adsorbed vaccines from four manufacturers as a function of vaccine lot, endotoxin content, pertussis vaccine potency and percent of mouse weight gain. There were significant differences between the rates of reactions by lot for all local and systemic reactions except convulsions and hypotonic hyporesponsive episodes. For these latter reactions there were insufficient cases for analyses. P was less than 0.0001 for local reactions, fever, drowsiness, fretfulness, anorexia and screaming and 0.017 for vomiting. No single lot was associated with the highest or lowest rate of reactions for more than 3 of the 11 reactions. There was a significant positive association of endotoxin unit (EU) content and the percent of vaccine recipients who developed fever (P = 0.004). Fever increased in frequency from 20.6% of children immunized with vaccine lots that contained 2500 EU to 55.1% of children immunized with vaccine lots containing 40,000 EU. There were significant positive associations of all local reactions and pertussis vaccine potency (P = 0.0004), and percent of mouse weight gain (P less than 0.0001). There was also a positive association of percent mouse weight gain and persistent screaming (P = 0.001). However, for the majority of reactions there was no clinically meaningful associations between reaction rates and the biological properties of the vaccine studied.
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PMID:Analyses of adverse reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine by vaccine lot, endotoxin content, pertussis vaccine potency and percentage of mouse weight gain. 277 30


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