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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1974 we have seen 320 cases of Reye's syndrome in our department. There were 163 boys and 157 girls of a mean age of 20 months. While the number of Reye's syndrome patients admitted increased from 1979 to 1982, it has declined since 1984. Two different approaches to management were used. Prior to 1976 only simple supportive measures were given: Intravenous 10% dextrose solution and electrolytes (Darrow-glucose solution) in equal amounts at a rate of 50-100 ml/kg/day with or without dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day). From 1976, in addition, measures were taken to lower the intracranial pressure by infusing mannitol 1-2 gm and glycerol 1 g/kg given at a frequency related to the severity of the illness, i.e., for grade II, the above combination was given 8 hourly, for grade III 6 hourly, and for grades IV and V 4 hourly, while for grade I only fluid and electrolytes were given. In all cases, clinical progress was closely followed. Intravenous dexamethasone was also given at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. The fatality rate was 50 to 60% prior to 1976 and has fallen to around 20% at present. In contrast to reports from Western countries, we observed more convulsions, respiratory infections and gastrointestinal disorders but less vomiting and no chicken-pox.
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PMID:Treatment of Reye's syndrome at Sumber Waras Hospital. 212 7

In the attempt to correlate clinical findings with serum levels of aldrin, sixteen patients were followed-up after acute intoxication by this agent. Eight of them, males and females, aged from 1 to 37 years, presented no or light symptoms (some discomfort and nausea). The serum of one of these patients was found to contain 16.6 ppb of aldrin and that of another, 1.41 ppb of dieldrin. A group of five patients, aged from two to 30 years, showed symptoms of moderate severity, reporting nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dyspnea, sweating, mild jerking, rise in blood pressure and convulsions. Of these cases, two were accidental and three were attempted suicides, the majority achieving complete recovery within 24 hours. Serum levels of aldrin were between 6.98 ppb and 26.3 ppb and of dieldrin between 82.00 and 314.18 ppb. We found three severe cases, aged from 21 to 35 years, two attempted suicides and one occupational case. Two of these patients died and one of them presented hypothermia, coma, absence of reflexes and generalized convulsions, and another presented abdominal pain, paleness, sweating, cold extremities, dyspnea, hyperthermia and generalized convulsions. In the first one that died the serum levels were: of aldrin 30.00 ppb and of dieldrin 720 ppb. In the other levels of 747.3 ppb of aldrin and 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin were found. The third had less serious symptoms and presented serum levels of aldrin of 31.05 ppb and of dieldrin 147.11 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute poisoning by aldrin: relationship between serum levels and toxic effects in humans]. 221 74

Margosa Oil is an extract of the seed of the Neem tree and is widely used as a traditional medicine by Indians in India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Used mainly for external applications, it is often administered orally to neonates and infants regularly in small amounts. Margosa Oil causes toxic encephalopathy particularly in infants and young children. The usual features are vomiting, drowsiness, tachypnea and recurrent generalised seizures. Leucocytosis and metabolic acidosis are significant laboratory findings. Management is aimed primarily towards the control of convulsions although supportive management is equally important. Prognosis is usually good but fatalities and neurological deficits have been reported. We report here two infants with Margosa Oil poisoning presenting with encephalopathy.
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PMID:Margosa oil poisoning as a cause of toxic encephalopathy. 225 44

In a clinical trial of stabilized yellow fever vaccine from Institute Pasteur in 77 children aged seven to eight months, fever was the most significant immediate and delayed side effect. Fever occurred in 12 (15.6%) children with in 48 hours of vaccination while it occurred in 10 (12.9%) children within ten days of vaccination. Other recorded side effects were pain at innoculation site in four (5.2%) children and vomiting in one (1.3%) child. Temperature recorded in 20 of the 22 febrile episodes ranged from 37.8 degrees C to 38.6 degrees C. One of the two patients who had temperatures of 39 degrees C and above had malaria parasites in her blood film. All episodes of fever except one responded to antipyretic. There was no episode of febrile convulsion and no feature suggestive of encephalitis. Of the 20 children who had neutralization test carried out against yellow fever virus six weeks after vaccination, the test was positive in post vaccination sera of 12 (60%) children whose pre-vaccination sera were negative. Two others showed evidence of partial protection. Although the seroconversion rate of 60% is less than reported in adults and older children, the result of this study shows that yellow fever vaccine is safe and fairly effective in infants. It is our suggestion that if a larger trial confirms our findings, the vaccine may be incorporated into the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) to be given at the age of seven months after completion of diptheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccinations and before measles vaccination is due.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of yellow fever vaccine in children less thanone-year-old. 227 33

Seven patients with delayed traumatic epidural and subdural haematomas who were treated at the Neurosurgical Centre, Nijmegen between 1975 and 1985 were reviewed. There were 3 males and 4 females with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. Clinical signs which necessitated re-investigation in these patients included deteriorating level of consciousness in 3 patients, progressive hemiparesis in 1; extensor motor response and pupillary dilatation in 1; bradycardia in 1; and vomiting, severe headache and fits in 1 patient. Analysis of the initial CT-scan or angiography films demonstrated cerebral contusion in 4 patients and skull fractures in 5 cases. Of the 5 skull fractures there was a minor depression in 2 cases.
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PMID:Delayed intracranial haematomas. 228 94

An 11-month-old boy was admitted for evaluation of drowsiness, vomiting, and convulsions. Computerized tomography showed subarachnoid blood in the left sylvian fissure and a small intracerebral hematoma in the temporal lobe. Angiography revealed several aneurysms of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). During surgery, 13 aneurysms were found arising from one main branch of the left MCA, and this segment of the MCA was trapped. Somatosensory evoked potentials did not show any change during surgery. The diseased arterial segment was examined histologically and the pathogenetic aspects of the case are discussed. Control angiography 6 months later excluded systemic disease or other aneurysms. The rarity of such lesions in childhood and their successful surgical treatment are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Multiple middle cerebral artery aneurysms in an infant. Case report. 232 4

A retrospective review of charts for 650 children who had lumbar puncture for suspected meningitis was undertaken to determine the characteristics of patients with and without meningitis, identify other conditions suggesting meningitis, and evaluate the predictive value of signs and symptoms of meningitis. The incidence of positive lumbar punctures increased with patient age. Younger infants did not present with classical features of meningitis. Bulging fontanel, lethargy, and irritability were nonspecific symptoms. Vomiting and headache, although not specific, proved to be more sensitive indicators of meningeal infection. Most patients with meningitis (75%) had at least one sign of meningeal irritation, but so did 25% of patients without meningitis. Brudzinski's sign was not specific. In contrast, nuchal rigidity and Kernig's sign had high predictive value. Up to age five, the diseases most often suggesting meningitis were right-sided pneumonia, gastroenteritis, otitis, tonsillitis, exanthema subitum, and urinary tract infections. Of 171 patients with febrile convulsion, one (0.5%) had bacterial meningitis and four had aseptic meningitis.
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PMID:Diseases that mimic meningitis. Analysis of 650 lumbar punctures. 220 11

This paper discusses the attempt to increase coverage of health care delivery for preschool/school aged children by using their teachers as 1st contacts for primary health care (PHC) before referrals were made. 26 teachers from preschool and primary schools in Lagos, Nigeria attended a 1 week course run by the Institute of Child Health and Primary Care to teach them PHC skills before referrals. At the end of the course participants had to: 1) recognize common illnesses in children; 2) identify children needing immediate referrals to the hospital; 3) take temperature, sponge a child with a fever, sterilize an infant's feeding utensils using hypochlorite solution, assess the nutritional status of children; 4) list the various components and prepare a weaning diet; and 5) discuss the nutritional needs for preschool and school-aged children. All the participants improved their performance on the post-test. A year later participants and their employers were given short questionnaires. The employers rated the teachers' performance as very good and were willing to send them back for more training. The teachers were most useful in their establishments in dealing with: measles, fevers, convulsions, cuts and wounds, difficult breathing, diarrhea and vomiting, tepid sponging and temperature taking. This model is recommended for replication elsewhere. (Author's modified).
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PMID:School teachers as primary health care workers. 236 48

Both the systemic and local reactions caused by the immunization with the vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough were studied. Side-effects, 48 hours after the vaccination were determined in 730 children between the ages of two months and five years and 11 months. Over 13% of the children were free from side-effects. Eighty-seven percent of the children immunized showed the following side-effects in percentages of frequency: fever, 66.0%; malaise, 37.8%; loss of appetite, 25.0%; sleep disorders, 20.4%; vomiting, 7.9%; and continuous crying, 7.6%. With respect to local disturbances: pain, 41.6%; reddening, 28.0% and subcutaneous nodules, 20.1%. None of the children had convulsions, hypotonic episodes or immediate neurological damage. Two types of DTP vaccines, one from the Connaught (Canadian) Laboratory and another from the National Institute of Hygiene (Venezuelan) were used. No significant differences were found in the appearance of the side-effects between the both, except for localized pain (P less than 0.01) with the national vaccine. The results obtained in relation to age and the number of doses were: there was a significant increase of localized pain as ages increased (P less than 0.01). There were significantly greater number of localized pain and subcutaneous nodules with greater numbers of doses (P less than 0.01).
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PMID:[Side effects of the vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough]. 239 Jan 82

In a prospective, hospital-based study in North India, malaria accounted for 1.5% of paediatric outpatient attendances during 1 year. A marked increase in the prevalence of malaria was noted during the post-monsoon months. Plasmodium falciparum was the causative species in 44.4% of cases, contrary to previous reports of low prevalence of this parasite in the area. Pyrexia with or without chills or rigor, vomiting, pallor and hepatosplenomegaly were the common presenting clinical features. Splenic and hepatic enlargement were seen more frequently with P. vivax than P. falciparum infections (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Convulsions were present in 20% of cases.
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PMID:Clinical profile of malaria in children--a prospective study from Aligarh (N. India). 244 56


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